/ vilim: i(ym hns Ani yvWị> rirHij nhj' r.'H
a) Tim CTPT A,B tinh khoi lufdng moi chat.
b) Cho 0,3 mol X Ipi tit tit qua 0,5 lit dung dich Brz 0,2M thay dung dich Br2 mat m^u hôn tôn, khi thodt ra khoi dung dich Br6m chi^m the tich 5,04 lit (dktc). m^u hôn tôn, khi thodt ra khoi dung dich Br6m chi^m the tich 5,04 lit (dktc). H6i thu duWc san pham gl? Gpi ten tinh kh5i Itfdng cua chung.
Giai
d b^i n^y, ta c6 thi gidi theo phiTdng pMp bi$n lu§n so sdnh so mol ket hdp phtfdng ph^p ghep in s6 di gidi hoSc sit dung phifdng pMp trung binh. , „ phtfdng ph^p ghep in s6 di gidi hoSc sit dung phifdng pMp trung binh. , „
Sdn pham chdy cua 2 hidrocacbon 1^ CO2 H2Ọ Khi hS'p thu v^o binh chtfa đ BăOH)2 thl cd C O 2 H2O deu bi đ Ba(0H)2 dir hSip thu
mw„hting = m C 0 2 + mHiO = 46,5g ^ ;" "' \ CO2 + Ba(0H)2 - » BaC03 i + H2O ' \ ' , ^
nco2 = "Bacoa = = 0,75mol , , tCOS. *•' s(;KO)iD
=> m n , o = 46,5 - 0,75.44 = 13.5(gain) ' ,,
3 ^ nHjo = ^ = 0,75 (mol) ' • ikm^^K^ ^-^0.0t! .Ó^'.dm + u»
C^ch 1 : , . • , , • . ^. iiOJ,o , .
Ta thay khi d^t hai hidrocacbon cho s6 mol n^Q^ = n^jo = 0,75 mol
Cdch2 : bi^n luan theo phtfdng phdp s^ ic trung blnh • •' ' " 1. Dat C T P T trung binh cua hai hidrocacbon tren 1^ : C-H2-^2-2k
- - - í'^ ii
^ - n ^ 2 n . 2 - 2 i ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 0 2 - ^ ' ^ C O , f (n-f l- k J H^ O / ' ^ ^ f t i v^ h ^ ^
1 n -> (n + l - k ) (mol) 'v * ,* .Q3'::s.'.':Vv:::;';-; - . o , 3 n o , 3 ( n + i - k ) ( m o i ) ^j.,
nco2 = 0,3n = 0,75 (mol) => n = 2,5 •'''''•^.'^Sô) V - * '^^'t.
"H20 =0.3(n + l - k ) = 0,75 (mol) : oiykiOT S!.^D
thay n = 2,5 v^o phUOng trlnh tr6n => k = 1 ' " ' * Ạ B d^u la anken ' : J.;a5 .fc;. I ' i t : )
• c6 hai triidng hdp :
, B deu la anken
* A la ankan, B 1^ ankin (hoSc ngtfdc lai) . <
Vila .&'!jrfim%rf^l« IJ ba-i^V
126
TH 1 : A, B m anken. rA:C„H2„:a Dat C T P T [ B : C, H 2^ : b (mol) Dat C T P T trung binh 2 anken C - H j -
C - H , - + —0 2 - > n C 0 2 + n H 2 0 i b m H J J
n 2n 2
• í •.•::>i ! w-t.;> a n i n : * 'ÍiOl aslf;; Jiitv,. i ?
0,3 0,3 n
nco2 = 0.3 n = 0,75 => n = 2,5
Gid suT n < m n = 2 => C T P T A la C 2 H 4 .
A la anken nho nhat nen ta chi c6 ti 10: M B 14m 22 44 , y^,
' 'f"- —— = = — => m = — = 3,4 (loai) M A 14n 13 13 ^ ' ^ • T H 2 : A la ankan, B la ankin A:C„H2„+2:a B:C„ H 2 „ _ 2:b (mol) CmH2m-2 + — T ~ " ^ 2 - ' ' I f f ! , ; •^nCO,+(n + l ) H , 0 . ,. an -> ăn+l) (mol) ^ j i i i r -^mCOj +(m-l)H20 |||^ b bm -> b(m-l) (mol) T a c o : ncoj = an + bm = 0,75 (1) lH^. nhh = a + b = 0,3 (2) "H20 = ăn+ 1) + b ( m - l) = an + bm + (a-b) = 0,75 (3) Thay (1) vao (3): => a - b = 0 hay a= b ' •>ivi'iRi^^jl ,?5fii gn?/!'-, {i^'
'•(.:§.HilfrtliJ'li> t i f f fi;Me
(2)=>a = b = 0,15(mol) 0,75 ^ (l)=>n + m = — — = 5
0,15
X^t ti 10 phan tuf lOdng giCTa A va B ta c6 hai tn^ng hdp : ^. I lu 00 I4n + 2 1 4 m - 2 14(m + n) 14.5 • ;y I M A : M B = 22 : 13 = = = = 2 ' 22 13 i = 3 ( A : C 3 H s ) va n = 2 (B : C2H2) f M B : M A = 2 2 : 13 14n + 2 1 4 m - 2 14(m + n) 14.5 13 22 P V$ y hai hidrocacbon d6 la : 35 35 A:C3Hs:0,15 B:C2H2:0,15 35 35 *••! - i> j f , 1' = 2 = > n = 1 . 7 v a m = 3,28 (loai) (mol) 127
Phan djing va phuong ph^p gl5i H6a hpc 11 HQu cd - D8 XuSn Htmg
T i n h khói lifdnp cac chat trong hon hdp :
mCjHs = 0,15.44 = 6,6 (g) • ' ^ P.v'K^^; ^ [ ,|;
mc2H2 = 0.15.26 = 3,9 (g) ' — ^ .^ọr. b) Xac dinh ten va tinh khoi lifdng san pham : 11
4 : =0,5.0,2 = 0,1 (mol) V M ; , - v - ; ,
Dung dich Br2 bi mat mau hoan tôn chiJng to 0,1 mol Bra trong đ da phan iJng bet. , ,„ •
So mol khi thodt ra khoi đ Bra la 5,04/22,4 = 0,225 (mol) trong 66 c6 0,15 mol
=> nc,H,ptf = 0 , 2 2 5 - 0 , 1 5 = 0,075 (mol) , ' ..^^ ^ , , ' Hai phan uTng c6 the xay ra : . ( . .\
C2H2 + Bra ^ CzHzBrz (long) , 3 .afi;;4ftfi «i A ; £ l O
a -> a a (mol) ' ' •.'.);,*
. , i t e m )
C2H2 + 2Bra->• C2HaBr4 (long) '6:, n-,:H„;):}i b ^ 2b - > b (mol) . _^ ' I:.,, fjj;
Ta CO h? phiWng trinh : , ' ' r ' '
a + 2b = 0,1 [a = 0,05 fmcjHaBr, =0.05.186 = 9,3g >• «
a + b = 0,075 [ b = 0,025 lmc2H2Br4 = 0,025.346 = 8,65g
T e n 2 san pham : C a H a B r a: 1,2- Dibrometen; CaH2Br4 : 1,1,2,2-Tetrabrometan.
B a i 15. M o t hon hdp gom mot so hidrocacbon lien tiep trong day dong d i n g cd khoi lUdng phan tuf trung blnh ( M ) = 64.
6 100"C thi hon hdp nay d the k h i , lam lanh den nhi^t dp phong thi mpt so chat bi ngUhg t u . cac chát k h i cd khd'i lufdng phan ti3f trung blnh (= 54). Cdc chat long cd (= 74). Tong khoi lUdng cac chat trong hon hdp dau la 252. i ) "{iaiT Biet khoi liTdng phan tuf chat nang nhat gap d o i chat nhe nhat. T i m CTPT cac chat va % the tich cdc chat trong hon hdp. u s ' n r :p ^ « m + »4z i-i j,
Gidi
d bai nay, dp dung tinh chat dong d i n g trong todn hoc de giai % G o i a i , a a , a n la khoi li/dng phan tuf cua cic hidrocacbon tren. ...^ -..IJJJ ^ * A p dung tinh chat toan h o c : ' '''"'^
Cdc hidrocacbon lien tiép thupc cilng mpt day dong d i n g se tao n§n mpt cap s6
cpng cd cong sai d = 14 . • i ' i . A ^.í:.
a„ = ai + ( n - l)d^ị|i^ . j : ^ a ^'i^S : S = ^ I ± ^ * n
V d i a„ = 2ai => 2ai = ai + (n - 1). 14
= 1 4 ( n - 1) = > S = l,5nai = 2 5 2 , ,r,>i „ , ,
Hay l , 5 . 1 4 n ( n - 1) = 252 => 21n,^ - 21ni - 252 = 0 ,i.y , r f .
n = 4 ( n h § n ) hay n = - 3 (loai) ; r;:« ,
a, = 1 4 ( 4 - 1 ) = 42 Mo
dat hidrocacbon dau 1^ A | : C^Hy ^••^•'MiV'j'iyf ions'?:!? jlib .'['t':::.
M l = 12x + y = 42 ' ^ y chS^n ' '< , » X y < 2x +2 1 2 3 > 4 'Vr ' L, • y 30 18 6 < 0
V | y A la C3H6, la hydrocacbon dau tien trong cap s6' cong tren.
a c d6ng d i n g ke tiep cua nd la C4H8, CsH,,,, CgHja ( M = 84) , Jinh % the tich cdc chat trong hon hdp: t ; „ , i iC i : A ( \ h \
Goi a, b, c, d (mol) Ian Itfdt so mol cdc hidrocacbon trfdng iJng : C3H6, C4Hg,
CsHio, CfiHiạ „ , 77 42a + 56b + 70c + 84d , ^ ' " " 1 , 0 T a c d : M = - = 64 (1) a + b + c + d r r 42a + 56b • , , , '"'P'. M k h i ' = = 54 = > b = 6a (2) a + b — 70c + 84d ^ M | = — - = 74 =>c = 2,5d(3) c + d T h a y ( 2 ) , ( 3 ) v a o ( l ) : M = ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ • ^ ^ ^ 7 0 - 2 . 5 d + 84d ^ 3 7 8 a ^ 2 5 9 d a + 6a + 2,5d + d 7a + 3,5d : I' = > d = 2 a ( 4 ) , , ' , ':;,,;;:,:„, \^:;fr' • =i>c = 2,5.2a = 5 a ( 3 ' ) ' nhh = a + b + c + d = a + 6a + 5a + 2a = 14a ' ' '"''^f'l im ^ ^' * ° ' " " I ' ' ^ " g 1^ ' ' i ^ ^'ch ^•^'•") " ' ' ' . % C 3 H 6 = - i - * 100% = 7,14% / . (;::),o{tVoav viivfl % C 4 H 8 = — *100% = 42, 14a 5a % C5H H, = — * 1 0 0 % = 3 5 , 7 1 % 143 % C 6 H i a = — * 100% = 14,28% 14a • ( k M K ) i r/ s !:v^ i -:• ;••
16. Cho 11 gam hon hdp gom 6 , 7 2 l i t hidrocacbon mach hd A 2,24 lit mpt ankin. Dot chdy hon hdp nay thi tieu thu 2 5 , 7 6 lit O x i . Cac the tich do d dktc.