- Cho h5n hdp khi c6n lai di qua dungdich brom d\i thi C2H4 bj giOf lai c6n cdc kh
-U nliTdt dot chd y3 khi con laị Khi khong chdy IS N2 Sanpham chay cua hai khi kia difdc dan qua đ niTdc voi trong San pham chdy nSo 1dm due niidc vo
trong la CH4.CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2OCO2 + CăOH Mau con lai la) 2CaCOii + H2, J (,;, , v^l . . . H2O ffv- , . .
H2 + - 0 2 - » H 2 0 2 2
Phan d^ng phuong phAp glAi H6a hqc 11 HQu co - D5 Xuan Hang
C a c h 2 : \''!:my^W:') '•'/"nivij-jiq ,i'il'rf;ii"r,,; 'TM 5O v'íf-'ffyi ^'ri"!*'' '"^
- Dan 5 khi tr6n Ian Irfdt qua đ Brom, c6 2 k h i lam mat m^u đ nUdc B r o m (nhdni 1) gom C 2 H 4 va C2H2. 3 k h i c6n lai khong c6 hi^n tiTdng gi thodt ra ngoai (nhom 2) gom CH4 va CO2, H2.
- Sau d6 nhan biét cac khi trong moi nhom tren tifdng l\i each 1. >,,5, j j . ; ; , , 1
Cach 1 t o i iTu hdn each 2.
b) C 3 H H. C 2 H 2. S 0 2 . C 0 2 . -^^'i
Nhanxet:.. ,^ , ' t t " ' t^^ti^
C6 3 e a c h : ' ' t K ^ * / '
Cach 1 :
- Dan bon k h i tren Ian liTdt qua đ niTdc v o l trong dir. Co 2 khi lam due niTdc vol trong (nhdm 1) va 2 k h i kia khong lam due niTde v o l trong (nhdm 2). s/, •,
- Cho 2 k h i d m o i nhdm Ian li/dt qua đ niTdc Brom. K h i d nhdm 1 l a m mat m^u nau do ciia đ B r o m la SO2 va khi d nhdm 2 cung ed hien tiTdng nhif vay la
C2H2. Hai khi edn l a i la CO2 va CJHH.
- Dilng phan iJng dae triftig de nhan biét. ^ ^ ( f - f j ) ' •
- Thỉ tir nhan biet C2H2, SO2, CỌ, CjHx , ,, ,*,^^, ^ .
- Dan 4 k h i tren Ian lifdt vho đ Brom, cd 2 k h i lam mat mhu nau đ eua đ Brom (nhdm 1) v^ 2 k h i kia khong cd hỉn tifdng gi (nhdm 2).
- Dan Ian lifdt 2 k h i d nhdm 1 qua đ AgNOs/NHs. K h i nao tao két tua vang nhat la C2H2, k h i cdn l a i la SO2.
- Dan Ian liTdt 2 k h i d nhdm 2 qua đ niTdc v o l trong. K h i nao l£lm due nufdc vol
trong la CO2, con l a i la CjHs. ; . ., ,:;f":.-"'f*" -''-^^J^';;
V | y cd nhieu each de giai bai n^y nhirtig each 2 la t o i \iu hdn cạ "'^'^-^
;nX''- vh'^,•:;^':-^';)^'^:-^^/ v . ; ' , ^ „
JS^fi ('dug tht'te pliaii ttt, tilth % ede hutroaaetmit maeh h& : aitkoMi, aiikeii, OMikiii, aiikaitieii, á-ỵr-^ j f l S K D i H ' ' aiikeii, OMikiii, aiikaitieii, á-ỵr-^ j f l S K D i H ' '
M i i ' 'B A I T A P M A U hti t. vMvimA i s i J ,
Bai 1 . L a p c o n g thỉe phan tijf cacchát trongcae tnfdng hdp sau: hb al;*,* iirA ' r i i
a) Anken A e d d ^ / H j = 2 8 . • , M M-^
b) A n k a d i e n B c d c h i J a 6 H . , ' - i ^ ' - * i , 0£ 4' 4 ' O e) A n k i n C c d e h i? a 7 . 7% H .
d) Olefin D biet 1,4g D ed the tich hdi dung bang the tich eua l,6g khi o x i .
G i a i
a) d A / H 2= 2 8 =^ M A = 28.2 = 56 iir'j '-fi .).., ?••;
C T T Q eua anken A : CnH2„ ^ ' '
• ^Khl i.i iị'iM-, -i^nt'i ainA . . H ;
Ta cd : 14n = 56 => n = 4 Vay CTI>T eua A : C 4 H 8 .
b) C T T Q eua ankadien B : CnH2„-2 Theo d e : 2 n - 2 = 6 = > n = 4 Vay CTPT eua B : C 4 H 6 ; C T C T : CH2=CH-CH=CH2. c) C T T Q eua C : C„H2„.2 'CO .... T h e o d e : % H = ^ " ^ 1 4 n - 2 x l 0 0 % = 7,7% = > n = 2 {lom'ítij.'i -^^ Vay CTPT cua C : C2H2. . i ^ q ,^,1, • '.?;5i:i.f{ fffisí d) T a e d : = ^ = 0 , 0 5 ( m o l ) = ^ M D = — = 28 D a t C T T Q cua olefin D : C„H2„. ...WL J,H:;)£ Ta cd : 14n = 28 => n = 2 .^^.p -sjafc^; r - ? ! , 'f^f^, ^ ^^''^
Vay CTPT cua D : C2H4. : ri,.|,,,,,, , c .... j ^, ^
Bai 2. O x i hda hoan tôn 0,68g ankadien X thu difdc 1,12 l i t CO2 (dkte).
a) T i m eong thure phan tiJf X . ,
b) V i e t eong thỉe eau tao ed the ed cua X . . . . . . . U p * G«Ji
Dat C T T Q cua X:C„H2„-2.
CnH2n-2 + O 2 > nC02 + (n - 1)H20
.^A^imM, «uy y • 0,05 moi ^ ^ . ^ ^ . ^ ^ ^ ... = 0.05 (moi) => ^ ^ n = 5 A k y at,,^ ,7
Vay CTPT cua ankadien X : CsH^. C T C T : C H 2= C H - C H = C H- C H 3 C H 3- C H = C = C H- C H 3 1 4 n - 2 C H 2= C = C H- C H 2- C H 3 . , , CH2=C-CH=CH2 , C H 2= C H- C H 2- C H= C H 2 . C H 2 - C = C - C H 3 I - CH3 .H"'> - -f'V.">
Bai 3. Cho etilen v^o binh dUng dung dich brom tao ra 1.2-dibrometan.
a) T i n h the tich etilen (dktc) da tac dung v d i brom biet r i n g sau k h i can l a i tháy binh brom tSng 14g.
Ph9n d?ng va phi«nq pMp g\i\a hpc 11 HOu CO - D9 Xuan Hang
Gidi
C2H4 + Brz > C2H4Br2 Z'", ., .: ,:,,V;> .1,,
0,5 m o l ' , . j . , . : , . ,
Kh6^i lifdng binh brom tSng 14g chinh 1^ khoi lifdng C2H4. . ,
n c 2 H 4 = ^ = 0,5(mol) ' ' ' M^..^^ ^^^^i-^'y^^:V.'^'^
: ; ; V c , H 4 = 0 , 5 . 2 2 , 4 = 11,2(110 • n'.-,. o..,rtT
= > H B r j =0.15 (mol) => niQ^ = 0,15 x 160 = 24 (gam).
B a i 4. Khi thiTc hi$n phan iJng nhi#t phan metan dieu che axetilen thu dilWc hon hdp X gom axetilen, hidro va metan chi/a phan tJng h^t. T i khoi cua X so v d i hidro
bSng 4,44. Tinh h i ^ u s u ^ cua phan t?ng. m J f . J : o d . ' ^
' ' • ' V i' f f/ ' J 2CH4 ^^^^) C2H2 + 3H2 '.y^-^•'f i-^Sdioehi^iyvr') i4Q
' ; 2x mol x mol 3x mol * " ' ' ' ' => n c „ , , , = l - 2 x ( m o l ) * ' ^ f ' ti )' i 11 inn rt U nhhx = X + 3x + 1 - 2x = 1 + 2x , YM! u I f f / b f i i fer > j n T t i Theo de : M x = 4,44 x 2 = 8.88 =0 H i ^ u suat phan tfng : H = x 100% = 80%.
B ^ i 5. H6n hdp Z gom 0,15 mol CH4; 0,09 mol C2H2 \h 0,2 mol H2. Nung n6ng hon h(?p Z vdi xuc tdc N i thu dUOc hon hdp Ỵ Cho Y qua dung dich brom dif thu dUdc
hon hdp khi A c6 phan tiJ lifdng trung binh la 16. Dp tang khoi Itfdng dung dich
brom la 0,82 gam. Tinh so mol mSi chat trong Ạ
(TrichTSDHQGTP.HCM,d(rt 1) Hon hdp Z CH4:0,15 mol C2H2 :0,09 m o l ^ j A , ^Iv H j : 0 , 2 m o l iD-'3rO-,;>D ' C2H2 + H2 - ^ C 2 H 4 ' .„K:.>
a mol a mol a mol H'.</'-vn'wj p. H /. / T j l - i' M J ' A lí;.
t,2H2 + 2H2 C2H6
b mol 2b mol b mol
f e l l ' •^ f iH M n / » I ' i i .) I ' ,>
Hon h(<p Y ;i( t , I,' ,H V
i „ „ f C:|-l4Br2 / ^ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ^^^^^^
C : H ; , , i l\u\:H:Br4
-.0.15 mol '
Hon hdp khi A C2llf, : h mol . I f H j dir clU) = 0 . (tiir)= 0.2 - (a + 2b) = 0,2 - a - 2b : n c 2 H 2( c l u) = 0 , 0 y - ( a + b) = 0 . 0 9 - a - b ' T
Khoi li/dng binh tSng 0,82g do chinh la khoi lifdng cua C2H4 v^ C2H2 dif. Ta c6 : 28a + 26(0,09 - a - b) = 0,82 (I) 1 6 . 0 J 5 . 3 0 . b . 2 ( 0 , 2 - a - 2 b ) ^ ^ - ^ - ^ g ^ 0,15 + b + 0 . 2 - a - 2 b 3b + a = 0,2 fa = 0,02 mol ^ «l!i*:£:!:!!: , 1 3 b - a = 0,76 ^ [b = 0,06 mol '^^ r i H , = 0.2 - 0.02 - 2.0.06 = 0,06 (mol) (,0! >: .
Tif (I) va (II) :
H2 M
S6 mol m o i chat trong A
CH4:0.15 mol CjHfi :0,06 mol H 2 dif: 0.06 mol.
B ^ i 6. Dan 6.72 l i t hon hdp k h i X gom propan, etilen v^ axetilen qua dung djch brom dif, thay con 1,68 lit khi khong bi hap thụ Neu dan 6,72 lit khi X tren qua dung djch AgNOs trong NH3 thay c6 24,24 gam ket tuạ Cac the tich khi do cl
dieu k i ^ n tieu chuan.