C H 2= C H - C H- C H 3, ^ ^ ^ ^ j ^ , ^ ^ : ^ C I HrK''!0'fH''.» i f • C H 2= C H - C H= C H 2 + H C l < 3 - C l o b u t e n - l
^ C H 2= C H- C H 2 — C H 2 C I \ 4- C l o b u t e n - l / j ' 4- C l o b u t e n - l / j '
- C p n g 1,4 tao 1 san pham duy nhat :
C H 2= C H - C H- = C H 2 + H C l *• C H 3 —C H = C H- C H 2 C 1 b) C T C T va ten goi cua s i n pham khi cho
, l - C l o b u t c n - 2
* Isopren t^c dung vdi H C l ( 1 : 1 ) n f , H J .
- COng 1,2 tao 2 san pham MM''"\-B')
<C H 3 —C C l — C H= C H 2
3 - C l o - 3 - m e t y l b u t e n - l ' ; C H 2 C I —( J : H—C H= C H 2 « M
4- C l o - 3 - m e t y l b u t e n - l i
COng 3,4 tao 2 skn pham
2 3 4 X C H 3 C — C " — I CH3 C H 2= ( p - C H C l - C H 3 C H 2 —C - C H= C H 2 + H C l ^ 3 - C l o - 2 - m e t y l b u t e n - l C H 2= C- C H 2 - C H 2 C 1 , C H 3 ' '^"^'^ 4- C l o - 2 - m e t y l b u t e n - l KHAiyftviEfr
(^0ng 1,4 tao 2 san pham , .
: : i v f M > h : i . ' : • ^ b H 2 C l — C = C H- C H 3
4 C H i l O ' . j i f ,
C H 2 = C - C H = C H 2 + HCl—<^ l - C l o - 2 - m e t y I b u t e n - 2
CH3 \ c H 3 - C = C H - C H 2 C l - * l - C l o - 3 - m e t y l b u t e n - 2
* Penta-l,4-dien tdc dung vdi H C l (1:1)
COng " ' 2 hay 3, 4 : tifdng t i r n h u T D i v i n y l i :
K h O n g CO p h a n iJng CQng 1,4 do h a i l i e n ket 7t kh6ng h e n hdp. , '
NC T C T c a c polime thu duTdc khi trung hdp 2 ankadien tren : ; f ' ^ t '
n C H 2 = C - C H = C H 2 ™ - 2 ^ - ^ C H 2 - C 4 -n C H 2 = C - C H = C H 2 ™ ^ ^ C H 2 - C H ^ n C H 2 = C - C H = C H 2 ™ ^ ^ C H 2 - C H ^ rl CH3 .- ,„„.,, ^. C H 3 — C = C H 2 ft^M'Sji /iil-Jf; J C H 2- C- C H = C H 2 '^"^''^> - { C H 2 - C= C H - C H 2 ^ ^ ^ C H 3 , K n C H 2= C H- C H 2 — C H = C H 2- 2 i i 4 - - ( - C H j — C H ^ ''^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ • • • ' ' ^'^ > " ' " " : : C H 2 — C H = C H 2 Penta-l,4-dien khong c6 san pham trijng hdp 1,4 do khong c6 2 lien két n hen hdp.
^qut biet, tilth ehe, tdeli r&i cue ehat, itteii elie ede ehdl' ^^"^ od )
B A I T A P M A U V A B A I T A P N A N G C A O , f * '
1. Trinh bay phiTdng phap hoa hoc de: * '"^f^^ ^'^
3) Phan biOt metan va etilen. ' i / < n w « 1' ' " " Tdch m'y khi metan tCf hon hdp v d i etilen. ' ' ' Tdch m'y khi metan tCf hon hdp v d i etilen. ' ' ' Phan biOt hai binh khong nhan di/ng hexen va h c x - l - e n . ^ ^ ^ ^ V i e t phifdng trinh hoa hoc cua cac phan iJng d a dilng. ' " ', '.^
''^ ^§n hai khi tren Ian liTdt d i qua dung dich brom c6 mau da cam, khi nao lam mat dung dich brom la etilen, con lai 1^ metan.
Phan dgnq phuang ph^p gi5i H6a hQc 11 Wu co - D5 Xufln Hung
PT phdn rfng : C 2 H 4 + Brz > C 2 H 4 B r 2
b) Ttfdng Ui dan hon hdp khi di qua dung dich brom thi etilen bi giO" lai ta tdch difdc
metan ra khoi hon h d p . (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
C2H4 + Br2 • C2H4Br2 ' ^
c) Cho dung djch cd m^u da cam Ian luTdt vao hai chat, chat nao lam mat m^u dung
djch brom la hex-l-en. c6n lai la hexan.
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH2 + Br2 ^ C H 3- C H 2 - C H 2 - C H 2 - C H - C H 2 .
Bill.
a) Trlnh bky phOdng phdp hda hpc tdch rieng tCrng chat trong mpt hon h d p sau :
C2H4, CO2, C2H2, C2H6.
b) N h $ n biet cic chat sau : but- l-in, but-2-en, buta- 1,3-dien, butan.
a) T d c h c h a t : | I
- D i n h6n h d p cic khi trdn di qua dung djch ntfdc v6i trong dif. K h i n^o l^m due
nirdc voi trong tao ket tua l i CO2. Con lai la C2H4, C2H2, C2H6.
C02 + CăOH)2 J-CaCOji + HzO
Loc l^y ket tua dem nung thu dtfdc CO2. f^^-"*
C a C 0 3 C a O + CO2 ^ ' ' ' •
- Dan ba khi c6n lai qua dung dich AgNOs/NHs, khi nho tao két tua vang nhat la C2H2, cdn lai la C2H4, C2H6.
H C ^ H + 2AgN03 + 2NH3 > A g - C s C - A g + 2NH4NO3 Ji3^= r
Loc l^y ket tiia cho t i c dung vdi dung djch HCl ta tdch diTdc C2H2'. A g - C = C - A g + 2HC1 > H - C = C - H + 2 A g C l i
- Dan hai khi c6n lai qua dung dich brom cd milu da cam, khi nao l^m mat mau
dung dich brom Ih C2H4, c6n lai lek C2H6 thoat ra khdi dung dich, tdch diTpc C2H6- C2H4 + Br2 •C2H4Br2 ,1' 'ifiiHwSV'
Cho bQt Zn dun ndng v^o chat long thu diTdc ta thu difdc C2H4 tach ra khdi dung C2H4Br2 + Zn •C2H4 + ZnBr2. , . , , , . s b) N h e n b i e t :
- DOng dung dich AgN03/NH3 -> nh$n bi^t duTdc but- l-in, c6n lai ba mau thiJ.
CH3-CH2-C=CH + A g N 0 3 + NH3 > C H j - C H z - C ^ C - A g i + NH4NO3
- Cho tCf tflf dung dich Br2 (liTdng b^ng nhau) l l n liTdt v^o ba m l u con lai (b^ng th^ tich) => M S U khong cd hi^n ttfdng 1^ butan.
Hai mau c6n lai deu l^m mat mku dung dich brom nhiftig sau đ cd mOt mSu thí ngCfng lam mat mau dung dich brom tnfdc Ih but-2-en, sau đ den buta-1,3-dien-
CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + Brz > CH3-CH-CH-CH3
- Br Br • • • ^ i - " " • • • ^
C H 2 = C H - C H = C H 2 + 2Br2 > C H 2 - C H - C H - < : H 2 . ' ' " ' , ' , Br Br Br Br
Bfti 3 . Tin tinh bgt vk cdc chaft v6 cd, xuc tie can thiet. Hay viet phiTdng trinh phat
iJng dieu che cdc chaft sau : . , >
a) Cao su buna b) Polietilen c) Poll vinylcloruạ (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
Gidi
a) (C6H,o05)„ + n H 2 0 n C 6 H, 2 0 6 , ! i : v > = , f ; ) j v .
C6H,206 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 iff'?
2C2H5OH CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2H2O + H2 nCH2=CH-CH=CH2 ''^''°-P> - { C H 2 - C H = C H - C H 2 } „ (cao su buna). b) C2H5OH " f ^ ^ ) C H 2 = C H 2 + H2O nCH2=CH2 '^-^"P) -[CH2-CH2}n ' . . . . /K;K,)ft;iJỤ. ,itc,x 0'.. c) C H 2 = C H - C H = C H 2 + 2H2 ^ CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 (C4H,,,) H's C4H,O -^^^f^ CH4 + C3H. : , i n^ i u j ; r n l n h > C H ^ C H ^ 3 H 2 , C H s C H + HCl ^ CH2=CH-C1 nCH2=CH-Cl ''^•^"•P> - C H 2 - C H - (polivinylclorua).
B a i 4 . Trinh b^y phifdng p h i p hda hoc phSn b i ? t : ) (fi,* is a) Axetilen etilen i,tví.to!l^ Metan, etilen, axetilen c) Metan, etilen khi cacbonic.
Gidi
a) D a n hai khi Ian lUWt v i o dung djch AgNOs/NHs, khi nao lilm xuat hỉ n ket tua
v^ng nhat 1^ axctiicn. c 5 n lai la etilen. • - ; )
H C ^ H + 2 A g N 0 3 + 2NH3 • A g - C = C - A g 4 + 2NH4NO3 h n
b) * Axetilen diing dung djch AgNOa/NHs -> ket tiia vang nhat. / . , j . * Etilen diing dung dich brom => mát m^u dung dich brom. , :
C2H4 + Br2 >-C2H4Br2 _ u,
C 6 n lai 1^ metan. , , c) * CO2 diing dung dich C a ( 0 H ) 2 - > nirdc voi trong hda duẹ , ,
I CO2 + CăOH)2 > C a C O j i + H2O , , , , ,.
* Etilen ( C 2 H 4 ) dCing dung dich brom —> mat mau dung dich brom.
C2H4 + Br2 >C2H4Br2 , T S | " ' ; ,,,, ^ .,
C o n lai Ik metan. _ t . V > 4 f: I - 'K ' > ' ' ' ^ ^ - i ^ - - - ^ ' ^ ^ . i . ' ^ X ; M : > : I' ^ : ^ • i^'-'^^^;;!!::'
JaiS.
i) V i e t sd do phdn ifng trilng hdp isobutilen c h i ro monome, m^t xich cua
monome vk tinh kh6'i lUdng mol phan tijf trung binh cua poliisobutilen, n e u h ? so trung hdp trung blnh c i a n6 la 15000. ' ' ' j , ^ ^ )) H a y viet s d d 6 p h i n iJng dieu chd'vinylclorua tir axetilen v a tir etilen.
1) Isobutilen: C H j ^ C ^ H , h 1 <- > < b'' ' n C H 2 = C - C H 3 b'' ' n C H 2 = C - C H 3 C H 3 C H , - C H , - C - C H 3 > V d i n = 15000 t h i k h o i lUdng m o l p h a n tuT t r u n g b i n h c u a p o l i i s o b u t i l e n l a : 15000 x 56 = 840000. f - ' ' > ^ ( * f 0 A x e t i l e n : C H s C H ' V t I ' H f j M H ' ' . M O t E t i l e n : C H 2 = C H 2 „ , , ^ , , > » ,1 r ? J " ^ ' " M ^ , * V i n y l c l o r u a : C H 2 = C H - C 1 Sd d o d i e u che : C H ^ C H — CH2=CH-G1:-,-r^'i- *i..-J^"'^Ji-'> C H 2 = C H 2 C H 2 - C H 2 500''C ^
tai 6. B h n g phUdng p h d p h d a h o c , h a y nh$n bi^t c i c c h a t k h i dvfng t r o n g cic b i n h
maft n h a n sau : C H 4 , C 2 H 4 . C 2 H 2 . C 3 H 8 . : 3'!^ nÚ^nMq m^'^'^' ^^:^^í^kmMif''
, , (Trichde TTDTCdn bd YteTP.HCM)
• D a n b o n k h i l l n liTdt qua dung dich A g N O j / N H s , k h i nho \km x u ^ t h i ^ n k e t tiia v ^ n g n h a t \k C2H2.
H C ^ C H + 2 A g N 0 3 + 2 N H 3 > A g - C = C - A g i + 2 N H 4 N O 3 *
Ba k h i con l a i cho qua dung d i c h b r o m c6 m a u da c a m , k h i n a o l a m m a t m ^ u d u n g d i c h b r o m m C 2 H 4 . m^^m. ; w# f '
C2H4 + Br2 >C2H4Br2
- H a i k h i c o n l a i 1^ C R , va C3HX d e m d o t chdy t h a y k h i n^o c h ^ y sdng h d n Ih.
C3H), ( v i c6 n h i e u n g u y e n tuT C hdn), c o n l a i l a C H 4 .
C H 4 - H 2 0 2 —> c o 2- . 2 H 2 0 u>^ym.0^,m^ (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
C j H g + 5 O 2 3 C P 2 + 4H2Ọ
B a i 7. Viét phUdng trlnh hda hoc c u a c a c phan ufng tCir axetilen v a c a c chat v 6 cd
can thiet dieu c h S ' c a c chat sau : ;
a) 1,2-dicloetan b) 1,1 -dicloetan c) 1,2-dibrometen d) buta-l,3-dien e ) 1,1,2-tribrometan. !' ' d) buta-l,3-dien e ) 1,1,2-tribrometan. !' '
a) C H - C H + H2 -^^!^2i^ C H 2 = C H 2 ' '^'^^m •'^'''''''^^ C H 2 = C H 2 + C 1 ^ - - . ^H^-CH^ ^^^.^ 0 , 2 - d i c l o e t a n ) ..^Jf'/tllá'!''::, b) C H ^ C H + 2 H C 1 ^ C H 3 - C H - C l (1,1 -dicloetan) 5 ' >' > > ; Q . nS,.}:!!!:?'f vlH ^'fjl/';? c) C H ^ C H + Br2 > C H = C H (1.2-dibrometen) ' ""^ '^'^^'^^1 ... J » a i . . ^ ' . ( 4: ^ ^ , I'l-.'-'i i -...» 'flíf SfjX^ i , ' d) 2 C H = C H Cuci, NH4CI ^ C H = C - C H = C H 2 :, 1 C H ^ C - C H = C H 2 + H2 ^ ' ^ ^ y ° 3 ) C H 2 = C H - C H = C H 2 (buta-l,3-dien) e) C H = C H + ^ B r > C H j - C H - B r (1,1,2-tribrometan). I I I I Br B r ' B r B r
B a i 8. X v a Y la hai hidrocacbon c 6 cung cong thiJc phan tOr la C5HX. X la monome dung de trung hdp tao thanh cao su isopren; Y cd mach cacbon phan nhanh va tao ket tua; khi cho phan ufng vdi dung dich N H 3 cd A g 2 0 . H a y cho biét c 6 n g thu"c cáu tao cua X v a Y . V i e t cdc phiTdng trinh phan iJng x a y rạ
, . r....;..,^?iv ..Ki" (TrkhdeTSDH, khdi A)
T h e o đ ta cd C T C T c O a ' x , Y !' ' ' ' ; ( ! « 3 ) 'íl '• X : C H 2 = C - C H = C H 2 Y : C H j - C H - C M T H ' ^^(Â^MM tki^i a iu-^^''
PhuTdng t r i n h p h a n iJng :
n C H 2 = C - C H = C H 2 - ^ ^ ^ - - C H 2 - C = C H - < : H 2 - - C H 3 C H 3 J n
qbj'? «M n i b j\ft r'::r,
isopren cao su isopren J ' ] > , . •
C H 3 - C H - C < : H + A g z O 2 C H 3 - C H - C = C A g i -H H 2 O . (, ,, C H 3 (^^^. ,,, ^ , „ ; '
^ai 9. T i n h che etilen cd Ian etan, axetilen, khi sunfurd, khi hidro va khi nitd b^ng
phifdng phap hda hoc. V i e t c a c phiTdng trinh phan iJng. m
^han dgng vS phuong phjp giii H6a hoc 1 1 HOu c o - B8 Xufln Hung
-> A g - C ^ - A g i + 2NH4NO3
Gidi