2 ? " ^ " ^ " + C u ( 0 H ) 2 V " ^ " ^ C u - ^ ^ " ^ 2H2O , C H 2 - O H C H 2 - O / ^ 0 - C H 2 C H 2 - O H C H 2 - O / ^ 0 - C H 2 C6n l^i m C2H5OH. • X- b) CHJCH2CH2OH (1); CH3-CH2-CHO (2) , CH3-CH2-COOH (3); HCOOH (4) >; , : 'v - . : >• • • 255
Phan dgng vS phuong ph^p giSI H6a hpc 11 HQu CO - D5 XuSn Hung
m - Cho q u j / d m Ian lUtJt v ^ o 4 m a u thur: * . ^ f ^ fiffr., 'i>..
+ 2 mau lam quy t i m hda d o la (3) va (4).
+ 2 m a u k h 6 n g l a m d 6 i m a u q u y t i m l a ( l) v a (2).
- Cho Na v^D 2 mau khong lam d o i mau quy tim => mau c6 h i^ n tifdng sui bot khi la ( l ) c 6 n l a i l a mau(2).
C H 3 - C H 2 - C H 2- O H + Na > C H j - C H z - C H z - O N a + ^ H z t
- Cho dung dich AgNOs/NHa vSo 2 mau l^ m quj' t i m hda d6, mau nao c6 hi^n tiTdng bac ket tua Ih H C O O H (4), c o n l a i Ih mau (3).
H C O O H + 2 A g N 0 3 + 4NH3 + H2O > (NH4)2C03 + 2NH4NO3 + 2 A g i
B a i 3 . Trinh b^ y phiTdng phdp hda hoc de phan bi$t c^c dung dich andehit axetic, axit axetic, glixerol, ancol etylic. ''^j, ' ^
NhSn big't: C H 3 C H O . C H 3 C O O H , C3H5(OH)3. C2H5OH
- Cho quy t i m v^o 4 mau thijf, nhan b i e t diTdc C H 3 C O O H - > l ^ m q\i^ t i m h6a dọ
- Cho dung dich AgN03/NH3 v^o 3 mau c6n laii, nh$n biet diT^c CH3CHO => tao ket tua bac. •
C H 3 C H O + 2 A g N 0 3 + 3NH3 + H2O CH3COONH4 + 2Ag4' + 2NH4NO3
- Cho C u ( 0 H)2 v^o 2 mau c6n l a i => n h | n biet difdc C3Hj(OH)3 => dung dich xanh
C H 2- O H C H 2- C < ^ ^ > ) - C H 2 ' ' "''''"^ " ' M i D i H - ;
2 C H - O H + C u ( O H)2 >• C H — 0 ^ ^ " " ^ - C H + 2H2O I I I
Bill CH2-OH«3!ijíf^;;;©:.te/j C H 2- O H H < > - C H2' ^ • ' p^ l ^ " ^ - '
C 5 n l a i C 2 H 3 0 H . ' • • ' ' . OHD,Hr>
B a i 4. Cdc ch^t hifu cd đn chiJc Z , , Z2. Z 3 . Z4 c6 c6ng thtfc phSn tuf tiTdng v[ng la
C H 2 O , CH2O2. C 2 H 4 O 2 , C2H6O C h u n g thuQC cdc day d6ng d i n g khac nhau, trong
d6 cd hai chS't tdc dung difdc v d i natri sinh ra k h i hidrọ
a) V i e t cong thiJc cau tao v£k g o i ten Z i , Z2, Z 3 , Z4.
b) T Ik chat hv?u cd đn chiJc, dong phan cua Z 3 . Trinh b^ y phifdng phdp h6a hoc nh^in b i ^ t cac chsft 16ng Z2, Z3, Z4 T diTng trong cdc I 9 ridng bi§t. V i ^ t phifdng trinh h6a hoc cua cdc phdn tfng xay ra de minh hoạ i^* ' " W H O M O t)'
c) V i e t phi/dng Uinh h6a hoc cua c&c phan ufhg dieu c h ^ Z3, Z 4 tilf k h i metan cai
chSt v6 cd c i n t h i ^ . fjAj'-m':
a) , C T C T: Z , , Z 2, Z 3, Z 4
C H 2 O : H C H O Z i : metanal (andehit fbmic) ' M
C H 2 O 2 : H C O O H Z 2 : axit metanoic (axit fbmic) f « 3 0 i 5 B > | i i
:2H402: H C O O C H 3 Z 3: metyl fomiat , , „ > f ' u f.t #sM? ?C2H60: C2H5OH Z 4: ancol etylic. „ i ,^if , , , j .
J,) T đn chtfc, dong phan Z 3 = > C T C T T : C H 3 C O O H (axit axetic) j . / Nhan biet: H C O O H , H C O O C H 3 , C2H5OH. C H 3 C O O H , , (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
(Z2) (Z3) (Z4) ( T ) ,,;ivi;:: . , , , Cho quy tim vao 4 mau thuf: • •
+ 2 mau lam q\i^ tim hoa do la Z2 va T.
+ 2 mau khong l^m doi m^u quy tim Ik Z 3 va Z 4 . ||: j, ỵ} ,^i..|,/x:>( }• >.; i ; 1
^ Cho Na vao 2 mau khong l^m doi mau quy tim, mSu n^o c6 hi§n tiTdng sui bpt
khi la Z 4 , con lai la Z 3 . , ,:,„.,,
C2H50H + Na * C 2 H 5 0 N a + - H j t 'H^rf'i f>Siv sM c i D '
2 «,T - V - ' -
_ Cho dung dich AgN03/NH3 vao 2 mau lam quy tim hda do, mau nao xuat hỉn ket tua bac la Z2, con lai 1^ T. i M ' ' « ) ! « > ' 'H&,'
HCOOH + 2AgN03 + 4NH3 + H2O > (NH4)2C03 + 2NH4NO3 + 2Ag4'
c) Dieu che H C O O C H 3 , C2H5OH tif CH4. ^
CH4 + 0 2 ^ H C H O + H2O H C H O + - O 2 -4>1 « xt H C O O H H C H O + - O 2 -4>1 « xt H C O O H Ni — VJ2 —T T * n\^\JKjn I . 1 H C H O + H2 ^ C H 3 O H j ^ ^ , H C O O H + C H 3 O H H C O O C H 3 + H2O ,M J 2CH4 -^^n^ C H ^ C H + 3H2 ^ C H ^ C H + H2O - » - ) . C H 3 C H O ao-c ^ ^.^oH? C H 3 C H O + H2 CH3CH2OH.
5. Dan hon hdp khi X gom axetilen v^ andehit axetic v^o dung dich AgN03/NH3 thay tao ra ket tua gom hai chát. Lay ket tua cho vao dung dich axit AgN03/NH3 thay tao ra ket tua gom hai chát. Lay ket tua cho vao dung dich axit
H C l d\i tháy c6 khi bay len v^ con mpt phan khong tan Y . Hoa tan Y trong dung dich HNO3 dac tháy c6 khi mau nau bay len. Viét phiTdng trinh h6a hpc cua cic
phan iJng xay ra de giai thich qud trinh thi nghi^m tren. j;V:
Gidi .e:) Mk\;v:Z C H s C H + 2 A g N 0 3 + 2NH3 > A g C ^ C A g i + 2NH4NO3 | C H s C H + 2 A g N 0 3 + 2NH3 > A g C ^ C A g i + 2NH4NO3 | C H 3 C H O + 2 A g N 0 3 + 3NH3 + H2O > C H 3 C O O N H 4 + 2 A g i +2NH4NO3 A g - C = C - A g + 2HC1 > C H^ C H t + 2 A g C l ^ Ag + 2 H N 0 3 > A g N 0 3 + N 0 2 t + H2O (nau) t g i , ' ' 7^7
Phan dgng vi phuong ph^p giii H6a hpc 11 HOu CO - D5 Xuan Hung
B a i 6. Nh§n biet cac chat sau :
a) E l y l axetat, fomalin, axit axetic, etanol. A, t ?,
b) Phenol, p-nitrobenzandehit, axit benzoic. ' . . . ' c) Propan-l-ol, fomalin, axeton, axit acrylic. "'^^^'•^ '^^ ' c) Propan-l-ol, fomalin, axeton, axit acrylic. "'^^^'•^ '^^ ' d) Ancol benzylic, benzen, benzandehit. \\
e) Fomalin, axeton, xiclohexen, glixerol. TfttI>j(L'»' 'I a) CH3COOC2H.,. H C H O . CH3COOH, C2H5OH. f » K M U O M i ^ * ! a) CH3COOC2H.,. H C H O . CH3COOH, C2H5OH. f » K M U O M i ^ * !
- Dilng quy tim => nhan biet di/dc CH3COOH => ISm quy tim h6a d6. ' • - Dung dung dich AgNOs/NHj nhan biet di/dc H C H O => c6 bac ket tiiạ - Dung dung dich AgNOs/NHj nhan biet di/dc H C H O => c6 bac ket tiiạ
- Cho Na vao nhan biét diTdc C2H5OH =i> hi^n tUdng siii bol khi c6n lai la C H i C O O C z H s .