CM v HCHO +H2 )CH3QH
1) FeS^ )Fe203+S
2) Cu^S ^"2 )CuO + S02
Ag^S >Ag + S02 . . . ,
HgS ^"2 ) H g + S02 i:
3) Z n S - ^ ^ 2 _ ^ Z n O + S02 Dap an dung la Ạ
Ca« 68: - Z phai la axit kh6ng no => Z la CH2 = CH - COOH
- X la hop chat kh6ng no va c6 nhom -CHO => X la HCOOCH = CH, - Y CO the la HCOCH.CHO (OHC - CH, - CHO) hoac CH.-CO-CHỌ
Dap an dung la C.
Cdu 69: Theo bai ra: n„,„,„,„ = 51,3/342 = 0,15 (mol)
C, 2 H 2 2 0 „ + H 2 0- ^ 2 C 6 H, 2 0 e mantoza glucoza 0,15 0,3 (mol) Vi H = 80% nan: ng„„,„ = 0,3.80/100 = 0,24 (mol) nma„,ọo(d«) = 0,15- (0,15.80/100) = 0,03 mol C,H,206 + A g 2 0 - ^ ^ C 6 H , 2 0 7 + 2Ag i 0,24 0,48(mol) C,2H220,, + A g 2 0 - ^ C, 2 H 2 2 0 , 2 + 2Ag i 0,03 - > 0,06(mol) Vay: m = (0,48+ 0,06). 108 = 58,32(g) Dap an diing la C.
Chu v: Ca luang glucoza sinh ra va luong mantoza con du d6u tham gia phan
ling trang bac.
Cdu 70: Cac chat c6 the true tiep tao ra axit axetic:
1) C H 3 C H 2 O H + O2 >CH3C00H + H 2 O 2) C 4 H 1 0 + I O 2 " ' " P )2CH3COOH + H 2 0 3) C H 3 O H + CO > C H 3 C O O H 4) 2 C H 3 C H O + O2 )2CH3COOH 5) C H 3 C H = C H 2 d d K M n 0 4 / H 2 S 0 4 ^ C H 3 C O O H + C O 2 6) C 6 H , C H 2 C H 2 C H 3 đKMn04/H2S04 > c^ H g C O O H + C H 3 C O O H 362 7) C H 3 C O O C 2 H , + H^Oc ICHaCGGH + C 2 H 5 O H
Cdu 71: Thuoc thir do la Cu(OH)2/NaOH Giucozo + Cu(OH)2 -> đ mau xanh lam
iNa>ji-i
Dap an dung la B.
Glucoza+ C u ( O H)2- ^ ^ ! ^ 5 ^ i ^ C 6 H | 2 0 7 + C u 2 0 i + H 2 0 do gach
Glixerol + Cu(OH)2 -> đ mau xanh lam
.0
Glixerol +C U ( O H ) 2 —^ —> khong c6 kd't tua do gach Alanylglyxylvalin + C u( O H ) 2 -> phiJc tím xanh
'->
.0
Andehit axetic +C U ( O H ) 2 NaOH.i > C H 3 C O O H + C U 2 O i + H 2 O
do gach Andehit axetic +C U ( O H ) 2 > Kh6ng xay ra (t° thucmg)
Ancol etyiic +C U ( O H ) 2 > Kh6ng xay ra (ke ca khi dun nong) ,
Dap an dung la D.
Cdu 72: Hap chat N H, N O . : ,
H + ^ 0 ' H - N - H O - N ^
1
H
- Cac lidn ket N - H; N - O la lien kd't c6ng hoa trị - Lien ket giua ion N H 4 va NO3 la lien ket ion
Dap an dung la B.
Cdu 73: Khi thoat ra la H,: nH2 = 1,68/22,4 = 0,075mol 3 ' ' Trong X con c6 A l du:
2A1 + 2NaOH + 6H2O -)• 2 N a [ A l ( O H ) ^ 1 + 3H2 t
0,05 < - 0,075(mol) , Trong X (ca 2 phdn) c6 0,05 . 2 = 0,1 mol A l du , ^
2A1 + Cr203 AI2O3 + 2Cr ^ , , C Q ^ ^
2x <— X -> x -> 2x (mol)
.'f
Taco: ( 2 x + 0 , l ) . 2 7 + 152x = 43,9 => 206x = 4 3 , 9-2, 7 = 41,2 = > x = 0,2
Do do trong m 6 i phan c6: 0,05 mol A l dir
0,2 mol Cr sinh ra (x mol Cr)
0,1 mol A I 2 O 3 (x/2 mol A I 2 O 3 ) A l + 3HC1^A1C13 + 1,5H2 • '-'•^••*»'r;X:, 0 , 0 5 ^ 0,15(mol) • :i^^t> Cr + 2HC1 - > 2 C r C l 2 + H 2 0,2 ^ 0 , 4 ( m o l ) AI2O3 + 6 H C 1 ^ 2 A l C l 3 + 3 H 2 0 0,1 -> 0,6(mol) = ^ n H c i - 0 , 1 5 / 1 = 1,15(1) Dap an diing la C.
Cdu 74: * Xac djnh amino axit X : D a t X l a H 2 N - R ( C0 0H ) ^
14 100
Theo bai ra: — = 18,667 16 + R + 45a
=> 16 + R + 45a = 75 => R + 45a = 59
,ii Suy ra: a = 1 => R = 14 (CH,)
Vay X la H 2 N - C H 2 - C O O H (glyxin)
M la H 2 N C H 2 C O N H C H 2 C O N H C H 2 C O O H (x mol)
Q la H 2 N C H 2 C O N H C H 2 C O N H C H 2 C O N H C H 2 C O O H (x mol) Dipeptitla H 2 N C H 2 C O N H C H 2 C O O H
Theo bai ra: Hx = 3,75/75 = 0,05mol
ndipcpm= 4,62/132 = 0,035 mol =
nM = 0,945/189 = 0,005 mol
V i goc glyxin dugc bao toan nen: 3x + 4x = 0,05 + 0,035.2 + 0,005.3 \%,
=^7x =0,135=^ X = 0,135/7 ,
v a y m = ^ ^ ( l 8 9 + 246) = 8,389(g) Dap an dung la D.
Cdu 75: PTHH (ion rut gon):
H C O 3 + O H " > C 0 ^ - + H 2 O
0,02 -> 0,02 -> 0,02 ( m o l )
Câ^ + CÔ- -> CaCOj i 0 , 0 2 - > 0 , 0 2 ^ 0,02 ( m o l )
Mg^-" + 2 0 H - M g ( O H) 2 i
0,05 -> 0,1 0,05(mol) •'-r*'--djr-'t7i,ii:,,.i .•"
Khoi lircmg kd't tiia thu duoc 1dm nhat la: m 4 = 1 1 ^ ^ 0 0 3 + ' " M g ( O H )
= 0,02.100 + 0,05.58 = 4,9(g)
Dap an diing la C.
Chu y: K6't tiia MgCOH), c6 do tan be hon rát nhidu so vai MgCO,
SMg(OH)2 = » ' ' - ' 0 " ' ' ' "O' / 1 ;S M , C O 3 =3,2.10-^mol/1^ .
Cdu 76: Theo bai ra: nNH3 = 0,448/22,4 = 0,02(mol)
" c u o =16/80 = 0,2(mol)
2 N H 3 + 3 C U O - -^3Cu + N2 + 3 H 2 O
syv 9
Dap an dung la D.
0,02 ^ 0,03 -> 0,03 ( m o l ) Chát ran X gom 0,03 mol Cu (0,17 mol CuO^J
Cu + 4 H N O 3 ^ C u ( N 0 3) 2 + 2 N O 2 + 2 H 2 O
0,03 -> 0,06 (mol) v a y : V = 0,06.22,4 = 1,344(1)
Cdu 77: Can chat bj thuy phan trong NaOH loang, nong la nilon-6, protein, nilon-7, anlyl clorua, vinyl axetat.
Dap an dung la Ạ
Chu y: Cac chat nhu vinyl clorua (CH, = CH - CI), tinh bot, saccarozo, to visco, poliacrilonitrin, mantoza khong bi thuy phan trong dung dich NaOH Icang, nong.
Cdu 78: Theo bai ra: ny^ = 0,9375mol;nco2 =0,5mol +07
C„H2„ ^ n C 0 2 + n H 2 0
C n, H 2 n , + 3 N - ^ ^ m C 0 2 + ( m + 1,5) H 2 O + 0,5N2
V I nguyen t6' oxi duofc bao toan nen: H Q ^ ^ - Q ^ J + H Q ^ ^ ^ Q J = "0(02)
=> 0,5.2 + H H ^ O - 1 = 0,9375.2 => nH^o = 0,875(mol)
"H2O ~ " C 0 2 " l'^-"amiti
= > nan,i„ = ( n H 2 0 - " 0 0 2 )/^'^ = (^'^^^ " 0 ' 5 ) / l , 5 = 0,25(mol)
Ta c6: nc(M) = n c o 2 / " M
VI n a m i n = 0,25(mol) n^, >0,25 Suyra: n c(M) < 0,5/0,25 = 2
V i anken phai c6 n >2=>amin Y ( M Y <M-^) C6 S6' nguydn tu cacbon trong phan tir< 2.
= > Y la CH3NH2 Dap an diing la B.
Cdu 79: * Xac djnh andehit sinh ra (R C H O ) ,
Theo bai ra: R + 29 = 26,2.2 = 52,4
^ R = 2 3, 4 = > R , =15(CH3);R2 = 2 9 (C 2 H0
Do do 2 andhit la C H 3 C H O va CHjCHO => 2 este d6ng phan c6 dang:
R ' C O O C H = CHCH3
R ' C H 2 C O O C H = C H 2
R COOCH = CH - C H 3 + NaOH ^ R COONa + C H 3 C H 2 C H O R ' C H 2 C O O C H = C H 2 + NaOH -> R 'CH2C00Na + C H 3 C H O R ' C H 2 C O O C H = C H 2 + NaOH -> R 'CH2C00Na + C H 3 C H O
Theo bai ra: n^^aOH =0,3.1 =0,3(mol)
Theo djnh luat bao loan khoi luong, ta c6: m^^^^ + n i N a O H = " " ( r ) + rriandehii
=>m + 0,3.40 = ( m - l , l ) + ( m -8 , 4 ) m + 12 - 2 m- 9, 5 ^ m - 21,5 Suy ra: m^^^„ = 21,5 - 8,4 = 13,1 n,,,^,^:, = 13,1 / 52,4 = 0,25 mol = nx Dodo: M x =21,5/0,25-86(C4H602)
Vay c6ng thiic cua 2 este la: HCOOCH = C H C H 3 va C H 3 C O O C H = CHj
Dap an dung la B.
Cdu 80: PTHH xay ra:
1) 3SO2 -t K2Cr207 + H2SO4 ^ K 2 S O 4 + Cr2 ( 8 0 4 ) 3 + " 2 ^