- Co tinh baza:
Fe(OH)3 + 3HC1 > FeClj + SH^O
Fe(0H)3 + 3HNO3 > Fe(N03)3 + 3H,0
2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 (d) > Fe2(S04)3 + 6H2O - D i l u c h e : Fé" + 30H" > Fe(OH)3^
c. Muoi sat (III)
- Mu6'i sat (III) khi kd't tinh tir dung djch thucfng or dang ngam nude: FeCl3. 6H2O; Fe2(S04)3.9H20,... 6H2O; Fe2(S04)3.9H20,...
- Mu6'i sat (III) thd' hien tinh oxi hoa: 2FeCl3 + Fe > 3FeCl, , 2FeCl3 + Fe > 3FeCl, ,
2FeCl3 + Cu > IFeCU + CuCl.
2FeCl3 + 2KI > IFedn + I . + 2KC1 . ;
2FeCl3 + H,S > 2FeCU + S + HCl
2FeCl3 + Zn ) 2FeCl2 + ZnQ, - Tham gia phan ung trao doi:
2FeCl3 + 3Na2C03 + 3H,0 > 2Fe(OH)3 + 3C0j1 + 6NaCl
- Dieu chd':
Cach 1: Tir Fe hoae hop chát sat (II) vdri cac chát oxi hoa manh nhu CI2, HNO3, H2SO4 dac, nong,...
Tjry TNtiH ivrrvnvYn Kmng viet
Fe + CI2 — ^ FeCl3
Fe + 4HNO3 > Fe(N03)3 + NO + 2H2O
Cach 2: Ttf hop chat sat (III) vdri axit: " "
Fe203 +3H2SO4 ). Fe2(S04)3 + 3H2O *
Fe(OH)3 + 3Ha > FeClj + 3H2O ' '
3. Oxit s^t tir, F e 3 0 4 '
Fe304 C O the coi la Fe203.FeỌ
3Fe304 + 8A1 — ^ 9Fe + 4A1,03
Fe304 + 4CO —!—^ 3Fe + 4CO2
Fe304 + 8HC1 > 2FeCl3 + FeCU + 4H2O
3Fe304 + 28HNO3 > 9Fe(N03)3 + N O +I 4 H 2 O
2Fe304 + IOH2SO4 > 3Fe2(S04)3 + SO2 + IOH2O
V.D6NG
1. Cautao
- Cu (Z=29): [Ar] 3d"'4s' (cáu hinh bao hoa gáp phan 16p d). ^ - Trong hop chát, d6ng c6 s6' oxi hoa ph6 bid'n la + 1 va + 2. j
- cáu hinh electron ciia cac ion đng: C u ^ [ A r l S d ' "
Cu-^ [Ar] 3d'
- Dong la kim loai chuy^n tiép, b nhom IB, so vdri kim loai 6 nhom l A : + Kim loai Cu c6 ban kinh nguydn tir nho hon.
+ Ion d6ng c6 dien tich Ion hon.
+ K i m loai đng cd kiéu mang tinh thd' dac chac hon (Cu cd ki^u mang lap phuong tam dian, kim loai nhdm l A cd kieu mang lap phuong tam khd'i).
=> li6n ket trong don chát đng hin virng horn. 2. Tinh chat vat l i
Ddng la kim loai nang, mau do, deo, dSn di6n va dSn nhidt rát td't (chi thua bac).
3. Tinh chat hoa hoc ' "
Ddng la kim loai kem hoat đng, cd tinh khir yéụ
I C u, b , „+02( k k , — l i ^ CuO
Cu + C l , - i^ C u C l 2 - ' ^
Cu + S — ^ CuS
2 C u + 2H2SO4 + 02,kk) > 2 C U S O 4 + 2H2O
Cu + 2H,S04<,,c, > CUSO4 + SO, + 2H,0
3Cu + 8HNO3 ọ5„g, > 3Cu(N03)3 + 2NOT + 4 H, 0 Cu + 4 H N O 3 > CuCNOj), + 2NO,t + 2H2O
Cu + 2AgN03 > Cu(N03)2 + 2 A g i
Cu + 2Fea3 > 2FeCl, + CuCU
Chu y; Cu kh6ng tac dung vdri H,, N,, C,...
4. Dieu che dong
CuO + CO — 5 % Cu + CO,
3CuO + 2NH3 > 3Cu + N , + 3H,0
CUSO4 + H,0 Cu + H2SO4 + ^ Ôt
2CU2O + Cu,S — ^ 6Cu + SO,
VỊ MOT S6 HOP CHAT CUA DONG
1. Dong ill) oxit, CuO
- CuO la chat ran, mau den, kh6ng tan trong nirdc.
- La oxit baza: CuO + 2 H a > CuCl, + HjO - Co tfnh oxi hoa: - Co tfnh oxi hoa: .0 CuO + CO ——> Cu + CO, 3CuO + 2NH3 — ^ 3Cu + N , + 3H,0 CuO + Cu — ^ Cu,0 ' .0
- Dilu cM: Cu(OH), — ^ CuO + H,0
ICuCNOj), '° > 2CuO + 4N0, + O, CuC03.Cu(OH)2 — ^ 2CuO + CO^X + H p
2. Dong (H) hidroxit, Cu(OH)j
- Cu(OH), la chat ran, mau xanh lam, kh6ng tan trong nudẹ
- Kem bin: Cu(0H)2 — ^ CuO + H,0.
- Co tinh baza: Cu(0H)2 + 2HC1 >• CuClj + 2H2Ọ
- Tao phuc:
Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 > [Cu(NH3)4]'" + 20H- xanh lam (đ)
184
~CiyTNHH MTV DVVH Khang Viet Chu y: CuCOH), c6 kha nSng tao phirc vdi cac chat nhu ancol da chuc, peptit,...
-Di^uché: Cu"* + 20H" > Cu(OH),4,
3. Dong (ID sunfat, CUSO4