D. Nhom ben trong moi truomg khong khi va nu6c la do c6 mang pxit AUOj ben K viJng bao vẹ
•fe Hu&ng đn gidi
pfiCac kim loai kiem th6 (Be, Mg, Ca,...) tac dung vdi nuoc trong nhung di^u kien
Phan loai vaphucmgphdp gidi nhanh BTH6a hoc 12 -Cu lhanh loan
+ Be: Kh6ng tac dung
+ Mg: Chi tac dung khi b dang b6t vdi hori nirdc. + Ca, Sr, Ba: Tac dung vdri nudc a diiu kifen thucmg.
=> Phat bi^u C sai Dap an dung la C.
9. Phat bi^u nao sau day dung? "^'^'^
Ạ Nh6m bj thu d6ng c6 thd' hoa tan trong dung djch H 2 S O 4 loang.
B. Nh6m tan duoc trong dung djch NaOH la do nhom p^an ling true tiep v6i NaOH. C. Crom la kim loai cung nha't trong s6' cac kim loaị
D. Cho nh6m vao dung djch chiia NaNO, va NaOH, dun nong nhe tháy c6 khi
kh6ng mau hoa nau trong khong khi thoat rạ
Hu&ng đn gidi
- Nh6m bj thu d6ng (c6 mang oxit ben bao ve) kh6ng con phan ling duoc vdi axit
HCl, H 2 S O 4 .
- Khi phan iJng vdri dung dich kidm:
2A1 + 6H2O ^ 2A1(0H)3 + 3H2
A l ( O H)3 + N a O H ^ N a [ A l ( O H ) / => Nh6m kh6ng tac dung trirc tid'p vđ NaOH. - Crom Ik kim loai cihig nhát trong cac kim loaị
- 8Al + 5NaOH + 3NaN03 + 1 8 H 2 0 — ! % 8 N a [ A l ( O H ) J + 3NH3 T kh6ng mau
Phat biéu dung la C Dap an diing la C.
10. Co cac phat biéu sau:
(1) AgCl, AgBr, A g l deu tan trong đ NH3 do tao cation phiic [Ag(NH3)2]'
(2) Nhiing la nh6m vao dung dich H 2 S O 4 dSc, ngu6i thi la nh6m tan d^n.
(3) Thach cao s6'ng c6 c6ng thiic hoa hoc la CaS04.2H20 '
(4) Cdc kim loai ki6m th6 d^u c6 c^u true mang tinh th^ lap phuong tam didn. S6' phat bid'u dung la:
Ạ 4 B. 2 C. 3 D. 1
Hu&ng đn gidi
- Phat biéu (1) sai vi A g l kh6ng tan trong dung dich NH3.
- Phat biéu (2) sai vi A l bi thu d6ng trong H 2 S O 4 dSc, ngu6ị - Thach cao s6'ng CO thanh phdn CaS04.2H20.
- Phat bid'u (4) sai vi cac kim loai kidm th6 (IIA) c6 kid'u mang tinh t l i ^ kh^c nhaụ
=> 0 3 1 phat bi^u dung. Dap an dung 1^ D.
UtyTNHH MTV DWFrXhang Viet
11. Phat bid'u diing W.
Ạ Dien phan NaCl nong chay sinh ra NaOH
B. SiOj đ dang hoa tan trong Na^COj nong chay
C. Dung djch NaHCO, 0,1M c6 pH < 7 í^f^'
D. Kim loai Na chay trong m6i trucmg khi oxi kho va du, tao ra NajỌ '
Hu&ng đn gidi <" /
Xet cac phirong an
2NaCl >2Na + Cl2(kh6ng sinh ra NaOH) "
SiOj + Na2C03 —^—)-Na2Si03+C02 > • -
NaHC03 + H 2 0 ( >Na0H + H2CO3 (=> pH > 7) '
,0 , . i
2Na + O2 >Na202 (natri peoxit) => Phat bid'u B diing
Dap an dung la B.
12. Khi nghi^n clanhke, ngucri ta tr6n thdm 5 - 1 0 % chat X d^ didu chinh t6c d6 d6ng cihig ciia xi mang. Chat X la d6ng cihig ciia xi mang. Chat X la
Ạ thacF caọ B. v6i b6t. C. v6i t6ị D. xi silicat.
Hu&ng đn gidi
Trong xi mang chiia 5-10% thach cao (CaS04) đ' di^u chinh tele d6 d6ng cutig cua xi mang.
Dap an dung la Ạ
13. Cho cac khoang chat: Da't set, mica, boxit, criolit, xiderit, corindon, phen chuạ S6' khoang chát c6 thanh phSn chinh chiia hop chát ciia nh6m la S6' khoang chát c6 thanh phSn chinh chiia hop chát ciia nh6m la
Ạ 6. B. 5. C.4. D. 3 .
Hu&ng đn gidi
Cac khoang :hát chiia hop chat ciia nh6m Ik
1) Da't set: Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O
2) Mica: <:20.Al203.6Si02
3) Criolit: NajAlFg (3NaF.AlF3) ^ 4) Corin don: AI2O3 4) Corin don: AI2O3
5) Phen chua: K2SO4.AI2 (804)3.24H2O
6: Boxit: Al203.nH20
Dap an dung la Ạ
14. Cac kim loai ki^m, kim loai ki^m th6 khdng gap 6 dang don chát trong tu nhidn vi Ạ day m chát hut dm dac bidt. Ạ day m chát hut dm dac bidt.
Plúin locii \ j>liii-(i;n; pht'ip i>idt nhanh Vl Hoa noc iz -\^u 1 nuriri i uuri
C. thanh phan ciia chiing trong tir nhifen rat nhọ
D. day la nhOng kim loai hoat d6ng hoa hoc rat manh.
Huong đn gidi
Kim loai k i l m (nhom l A : L i , Na, K, Rb, Cs) ; K i m loai kiem th6 (nhom I I A : Be, M g , Ca, Sr, Ba)
Chung la cac kim loai hoat d6ng hoa hoc rS't manh (dung dSu m6i chu ki), chiing
d i dang tac dung vori cac chat trong m6i trucmg (HjO, CO,, ...) nen trong tu nhien kh6ng gap chiing 0 dang dc(n ch&.
Dap an dung la D. 15. Trong cac phat bi^u sau:
(1) Theo chi^u tang din A\tn tich hat nhSn, cac kim loai k i l m th6 (tiir Be de'n Ba) c6 nhidt d6 nong chay giam dSn.
(2) K i m loai Cs duoc dung d^ chétao td'bao quang didn. (3) K i m loai M g c6 kieu mang tinh the lap phuong tam dien.
(4) Cac kim loai Na, Ba, Be d^u tac dung vdi nu6c a nhidt d6 thucmg.
(5) Kim loai M g tac dung vdi hcri nuoc cr nhidt d6 thudng.
Cac phat bi^u diing la
Ạ (2), (4) B. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) C. (2), (3), (4) D. (2), (5) '
Hu&ng đn gidi
Cac phat bieu diing:
(2) K i m loai Cs duoc dung dé che tao i€ bao quang didn (do Cs c6 nang lircfng ion
hoa rat nho).
(5) K i m loai M g tac dung vdi hoi nude of nhidt d6 cao: M g + H 2 O (h) — ^ MgO + H2
Dap an dung la D. Dang 15: Bai tap tdng hop
1. Cho 27,4 gam Ba vao 200 gam dung dich CUSO4 16%, sau cdc phan ung hoan toan thu duoc dung djch X. Dung dich X c6 khoi lucmg thay d6i so vdi kh6'i toan thu duoc dung djch X. Dung dich X c6 khoi lucmg thay d6i so vdi kh6'i luong dung dich CUSO4 ban dSu la
Ạ giam 39,2 gam B. giam 38,8 gam C. giam 38,4 gam D. tSng 27,0 gam
Hu&ng đn gidi
Theo bai ra: =0,2mol 200.16 100.160
" C U S O 4 , „ = 0 . 2 m o l
Ba + 2 H 2 O + CUSO4 BaS04 i + CM {0U\ +H2 t
0,2 0,2 -> 0,2 -> 0,2 -> 0,2(mol)
Ta c6: + m^^cvi^^ = ^đx + + m |
=>mđx =27,4 + 200-(0,2.233 + 0,2.98 + 0,2.2) = 160,8(g) ' " => Khd'i luong dung djch X giam so vdi kh6'i luong dung dich CUSO4 ban diu bang:
200-160,8 = 39,2(g)
Dap an dung la Ạ
2. Dung djch A chii-a 5 ion: Mg-\^ Cá^ C f (0,1 mol), N O J (0,2 mol). Them
din V ml dung djch K^COj I M vao dung djch A cho d6n khi luong Mt tua thu
duoc lorn nhát. Gia trj ciia V la
Ạ 150. B. 300. C.200. D . 2 5 0 . "
Huong đn gidi ' ^' J'' "'
Nhan xet:
Cac ion M g - ^ Ba-\* (ki hieu chung M"*) d^u tao kd't tua vdi ion COj"'.
M - ^ + C O j - - ). M C O j i (1) Theo djnh luat bao toan dien tich, ta c6:
0,1. 1 +0,2. 1 = n 2+ 2
^ n^ 2 + = ^ = 0,15(mol).
T h e o ( l ) i : ^ n 2- =0,15(mol).
C O 3
Suy ra: V = M = 0,15(1) = 150(ml).. Dap an dung la Ạ
3. Khi didn phan NaCl nong chay (didn cue tro), tai catot xay ra
Ạ su khijf ion Nâ B. sir oxi hoa ion Ó. " C. su oxi hoa ion Na*. D. su khiir ion Ó.
Hu&ng đn gidi
Cac qua trinh xay ra:
NaQ > Na* + CI" (dien li)
6 catot (cue - ) : Na* + le > Na (su khir ion Na*). oanot (cue +): 2Cr > CI2 + 2e (sir oxi hoa ion Q ' ) . PTDP: 2NaCl ^""^ > 2Na + Q ,
4. H6n hap gom 0,1 mol m6t axit cacboxylic don chiic va 0,1 mol muói cua axit do vdi kim loai ki^m c6 tdng khd'i lirong la 15,8 gam. T6n ciia axit tren la
Ạ axit etanoic B. axit propanoic C. axit metanoic D. axit butanoic
Hudrng dSn giai ' ^ ; » '
Axit RCOOH, mu6'i RCOOM. ,, . . Taco: 0,1(R + 45) + 0,1.(R + 44 + M) = 15,8
=:>R + 45 + R + 44 + M = 158 ^ 2 R + M = 6 9 . Suy ra gia tri phu hop: R = 15 (CHj); M = 39 (K) Vay axit la CH3COOH: axit etanoic
Dap an dung 1^ Ạ 5. Cho m gam h6n hop X g6m A l , Cu vao dung dich H Q (du), sau khi k6't thiic
phan ling sinh ra 3,36 lit khi (d dktc). Nd'u cho m gam h6n hop X trfin vao m6t lirong du axit nitric (dac, ngu6i), sau khi ket thuc phan dug sinh ra 6,72 lit khi NO, (san p h ^ khir duy nhát, d dktc). Gia tri cua m la
Ạ 11,5. B. 10,5. C. 12,3. D. 15,6. Huong đn gidi * X + HCl (du): 2A1 + 6HC1 > 2AICI3 + 3H2t '1., X l,5x(mol) Cu + H Q > khdng phan ung. Ta c6: 1,5 x = = 0,15(mol) => x = 0, l(mol). 22,4
* X + HNO3 (dac, ngu6i, du):
A l + HNO3 (dac, ngu6i) > kh6ng phan iJng.
Cu + 4HNO3 (dac, ngu6i) > Cu(N03)3 + 2 N 0 , + 2H2O
y 2y(mol)
Ta c6: 2y = — = 0,3(mol) =i> y = 0,15(mol)
r ,; 22,4
vay: m = m^i + mcu = 27. x + 64.y = 27. 0,1 + 64. 0,15 = 12,3 (gam).
Dap an dung la C.
6. Nhidt phan hoan tôn 40 gam m6t loai quSng dolomit, c6 ISn tap chat tro sinh ra 8,96 lit khi CO, (6 dktc). Thanh phSn phSn tram kh6'i luong cua CaC03.MgC03 8,96 lit khi CO, (6 dktc). Thanh phSn phSn tram kh6'i luong cua CaC03.MgC03 trong loai quang neu tr6n la
Ạ 40%. B.50%. C.84%. D. 92%.
Theo bai ra: n C O 2 8,96 22,4
Hu&ng đn gidi
= 0,4(mol).
PTPÚ: CaC03.MgC03
0,2(mol)
-> CaO + MgO + 2CO,T
0,4(mol)
=> mcaC03.MgC03 . = 0,2. (100 + 84) = 36,8 (gam).
vay % CaC03.MgC03 = — . 100 = 92%. 40
Dap an dung la D.
7. Cho m gam h6n hop Mg, A l vao 250 ml dung dich X chiJa h6n hop axit HCl I M va axit H,S04 0,5M, thu duoc 5,32 lit khi H , (cr dktc) va dung djch Y (coi the dung djch kh6ng d6i). Dung dich Y c6 pH la
Ạ 1. B. 2. C.6. D. 7.
Hu&ng đn gidi
5,32 Theo bai ra: n = ——
" 2 22,4
= 0,2375(mol).
nHci = 0,25.1 =0,25(mol);
nH2S04 = 0.25.0,5 = 0,125(mol).
I n ^ (ban d^u) = 0,25.1 + 0,125. 2 = 0,5(mol).
H
Co qua trinh xay ra: 2H* + 2e
2. 0,2375 0,2375(mol)
• H H* (phan umg) = 2n = 2.0,2375 = 0,475 (mol) • n„* (du) = 0,5 - 0,475 = 0,025 (mol)
[H*] = = 0,1 = 10"'(M) n) !! 0,25
pH = - IglO"' = 1 Dap an diing la Ạ
8. Cho 13,44 lit khi clo (d dktc) di qua 2,5 1ft dung djch KOH d \00°C. Sau khi phan ling xay ra hôn toan, thu duoc 37,25 gam K Q . Dung djch KOH trdn c6 phan ling xay ra hôn toan, thu duoc 37,25 gam K Q . Dung djch KOH trdn c6 n6ng d6 la
A . 0 , 2 M . B.0,4M. C. 0,48M. D. 0,24M.
Hu&ng đn gidi
13 44 37,25 Theo bai ra: nr. = —-— = 0,6(mol); n ^ q = „l ^ =0,5(mol). Theo bai ra: nr. = —-— = 0,6(mol); n ^ q = „l ^ =0,5(mol).
• C I 2 22,4 ' ^ ' 74,5 22,4 ' ^ ' 74,5 PTPLT: 3 a , + 6KOH lOÔC 0,6 (mol) <- > 5KC1 + K a 0 3 + 3 H , 0 0,5 (mol) 167
(Tfnh theo KCl vi CI, du). 0,6 -đKOH 2,5 Chii v.- CU + 2 K O H • = 0,24(M). KCl + KCIO + H 2 O (nude Javen) Dap an dung la D.
9. Khi cho dung djch NajCOj vao dung djch AICI3 thi .
Ạ tao thanh kfét tua trSng, sau do tan din.
B. chi tao thanh k€. tua keo trlng.
C. tao thanh ket tua trSng va c6 khi thoat rạ D. chi C O khi thoat rạ
Huong dan gidi
PTPU" xay ra:
SNâCOj + 2AICI3 + H,0 > 2 A l( O H) 3 i + SCÔt + 6NaCl Hidn tucmg xay ra: c6 ket tua trSng A1(0H)3 va c6 khi CO, bay Idn.
Dap an dung la C.
10. Hoa tan het m gam ZnS04 vao nuoc dupe dung djch X. Cho 110 ml dung djch KOH 2M vao X, thu dupe a gam ket tuạ Mat khac, neu cho 140 ml dung djch KOH 2M vao X, thu dupe a gam ket tuạ Mat khac, neu cho 140 ml dung djch KOH 2M vao X thi cung thu dupe a gam ket tuạ
Gia trj cua m la
Ạ 20,125. B. 12,375. C. 22,540. D. 17,710.
Hu&ng dan gidi
Theo bai ra: n K O H (i lo) = 0,11 . 2 = 0,22 (mol).
n K O H ( . 4 o , = 0 , 1 4 . 2 = 0,28 (mol).
Khi cho 110 ml dung djch KOH vao X thi KOH thiéu: ZnS04 + 2KOH > Z n ( O H ) , i + K,S04
0,22 > 0,11 (mol) Suyra: a = 0,11. 99 = 10,89 (gam)
Khi cho 140 ml dung djch KOH vao X thi ZnS04 het, K O H du da hp^ tan m6t phfin Zn(OH)2: ^> Z n ( O H ) , i+K2SO4 — > K2[Zn(OH)4] ZnS04 + 2 K 0 H •X 2x Taco: Zn(OH), + 2 K 0 H y 2y 2x + 2y=0,28 9 9 . ( x - y ) = 10,89"^ X = 0,125 y = 0,015 168
-f^^jyrm pal v uvvti KJidngViet
Vaymz„so4 = 161. x = 161.0,125 = 20,125 (gam).
Dap an dung la Ạ
11. Cho lu6ng khi CO (du) di qua 9,1 gam hPn hpp CuO va AhO, nung nong dén khi phan ihig hoan toan, thu dupe 8,3 gam chat ran. Kh6'i lupng CuO c6 trong khi phan ihig hoan toan, thu dupe 8,3 gam chat ran. Kh6'i lupng CuO c6 trong
h6n hpp ban dSu la ^
Ạ 0,8 gam. B. 8,3 gam. C. 2,0 gam. D. 4,0 gam. , ,
Hu&ng đn gidi
PTPir xay ra: CO(<,„, + CuO„, — ^ Cu,,, + CO, t ? . . ; ,
CO + Al,03,,) > khdng xay ra J ^
Khi 1 mol CuO (80g) phan iJng thi kh6'i lupng giam 16 gam.
Vay khi khd'i lupng oxit giam 9,1 - 8,3 = 0,8 gam thi s6' mol CuO da phan irng bang 0,05 (mol).
"Vay mc„o (ban dsu) = mcuo (p/,i) = 0,05 . 80 = 4 (gam).
Dap an dung la D.
12. Khi nhiet phan hoan toan tirng mu6'i X, Y thi deu tao ra s6' mol khf nho hon so mol mu6'i tuang u-ng. D6't m6t lupng nho tinh thé Y tren den khi kh6ng mau, mol mu6'i tuang u-ng. D6't m6t lupng nho tinh thé Y tren den khi kh6ng mau, tháy ngpn lijra c6 mau vang. Hai mu6'i X, Y Idn lupt la
Ạ KMn04, NaN03. B. NaN03, KNO3.
C. CaCOj, NaNOj. D. Cu(N03),, NaNOj.
Hu&ng đn gidi
Dot Y tren ngpn lira den khi, tháy ngpn lira c6 mau vang => trong Y C O nguyen t6' natrị
Hai mu6'i X , Y c6 M la KMn04, NaN03:
2KMn04 > K,Mn04 + MnO, + O, t 2 (mol) 1 (mol) 2NaN03 > 2NaN0, + O,
2 (mol) 1 (mol)
Dap an dung la Ạ
13. Cho m6t m3u kim loai Na - Ba tae dung vdri nuoc (du), thu dupe dung djch X va 3,36 lit H2 (cr dktc). Thé tich dung djch axit H,S04 2M cin dung dé trung hoa 3,36 lit H2 (cr dktc). Thé tich dung djch axit H,S04 2M cin dung dé trung hoa dung djch X la
Ạ 30 ml. B. 75 ml. C. 150 ml. D. 60 m l . , ,
Hu&ng đn giai
[ Theo bai ra: n(H2) = 3,36/22,4 = 0,15 mol
I Sađphanung: '
2 M + 2nH20 -> 2M"" + 2nOH" + nH2
n(OHl = 2n(H2) = 0,3 mol OH" + H* HjO OH" + H* HjO 0,3 -> 0,3 mol H 2 S O 42 H ^ + S O 4 - - -Briy;* 0,15 <- 0,3 mol ' Vay V = 0,15 / 2 = 0,075 1ft = 75 ml. Dap an dung la B.
14. Cho 3,6 gam Mg tac dung het vdi dung dich HNO3 (du), sinh ra 2,24 lit khi X (san ph^m khir duy nhát, a dktc). Khi X la (san ph^m khir duy nhát, a dktc). Khi X la
A . N A B.NỌ C.NO,. D.N2.
Hu&ng dan gidi
Theo bai ra: n(Mg) = 0,15 mol; n(X) = 0,1 mol => 1 mol N^' nhan 3 mol electron. Vay X la NỌ => 1 mol N^' nhan 3 mol electron. Vay X la NỌ
Dap an dung la B.
15. Cho 1,56 gam h6n hop gom Al va Al.Oj phan ling hfét vdi dung djch HCl (du), thu duoc V lit khi H, (dktc) va dung dich X. Nho tir tir dung dich NH3 dSn du thu duoc V lit khi H, (dktc) va dung dich X. Nho tir tir dung dich NH3 dSn du vao dung dich X thu duoc kd't tiia, loc het luong ket tua, nung d6n kh6'i luomg kh6ng d6i thu duoc 2,04 gam chat rSn. Gia tri ciJa V la
Ạ 0,448 B. 0,224 C. 1,344 D. 0,672
Hu&ng dan gidi
Theobaira: nAi203 =2,04/102 = 0,02mol
So d6 phan ling: -A1,A1,03 AICI3 ) AI(0H)3 i ^ A l , 0 3 A1,A1,03 AICI3 ) AI(0H)3 i ^ A l , 0 3 2A1 >Al203 X -> x/2(mol) AI2O3 > AI2O3 y -> y (mol) ^ , f27x + 102y = l,56 Taco: => x = 0,02; y =0,01 [x/2 + y = 0,02 2A1 + 6HC1 > 2AICI3 + 3H2 t 0,02 -> 0,03
V = 0,03.22,4 = 0,672 (lit) Dap an dung la D.
~Uly TNHH MTV DWFrXhang Viet
16. Hoa tan hoan toan m gam h6n hop X g6m Na va K vao dung dich HQ du thu duoc dung djch Ỵ C6 can dung djch Y thu duoc (m + 31,95) gam h6n horp chat duoc dung djch Ỵ C6 can dung djch Y thu duoc (m + 31,95) gam h6n horp chat ran khan. Hoa tan hoan toan 2m gam h6n hop X vao nude thu duoc dung djch Z Cho tir tir đ'n het dung djch Z vao 0,5 lit dung djch CrClj I M dén phan ling hoan toan thu duoc két tiia c6 kh6'i lucmg la
Ạ 54,0 gam B. 20,6 gam C. 51,5 gam D. 30,9 gam
Hu&ng din gidi
Theo bai ra: n^Krij = 0,5.1 = 0,5(mol) ' " * X (m gam) + HCl (du): * X (m gam) + HCl (du): 2Na + 2HC1-> 2NaCl + H2 t 2K + 2HC1 ^ 2KC1 + H2 t -m+ 31,95 = m + m => m =31,95(2) CI cr • n = n^ cr 31,95 = 0,9(mol) ^hh(Na,K) ~ 25 5
Do do khi 2m (gam) X thi c6 0,9 . 2 = 1,8 mol (K, Na) K (Na) + H2O ^ KOH (NaOH) + i- H j K (Na) + H2O ^ KOH (NaOH) + i- H j 1,8 >n^^_=l,8(mol) l,8(mol) lit" *) Z + CrClj: 30H- + CrClj ^ Cr(OH)3 ^ 1,5 <r- 0,5 -> 0,5 (mol) OH- + Cr(0H)3->[Cr(0H)^ ( 1 , 8 - 1 , 5 ) ^ 0,3 (mol) vay m^, =(0,5-0,3).103 = 20,6(gam) ^ { Dap an diing la B.
17. Day gdm cac chat d^u tan trong dung djch H 2 S O 4 loang, du va dung dich BăOH)2 du, sau phan ling hoan toan d^u kh6ng c6 két tiia tac ra la BăOH)2 du, sau phan ling hoan toan d^u kh6ng c6 két tiia tac ra la
Ạ Al(OH)3 .Zn.K,FeCl2,ZnO ^' .Q^., A + j H p ; i
B. NaCl,(NH4)2C03,Cr203,Zn,MgCl2 ^
C. Al203,BaO,K,Ci203,(NH4)2S ' ' ^ ' - r ; ! ' '