Dap an dung la D. 10. Dung djch khong the hoa tan Cu la
Ạ dung dich FeCl, c6 hoa tan NaNOa B. dung dich HCl c6 sue O,
C. dung dich Fe2(S04)3
D. dung djch HCl c6 hoa tan NaNO,
Huong dan gidi
PTPir
" 2CU + 4HC1 + 02 - ^ 2 C u C l 2+ 2 H 2 0
Cu + (304)3 ^ ^"^*^4 + 2FeS04 '
3Cu + 8HC1 + 2NaN03 ^ 3 C u C l 2 + 2NaCl + 2 N 0 + 4H2O '"-'^ r I f l i i Cu + FeClj + N a N 0 3 ^ Kh6ng xay rạ
' * ' Dap an dung la Ạ
11. Cho cac aung djch: HCl, NaOH dac, NH3, KCl. S6' dung djch phan ling dirge vai Cu(OH)2la , Cu(OH)2la ,
A . 1. B.2. C.3. D. 4 .
Hu&ng dan gidi
Ddng (II) hidroxit Cu(0H)2 c6 tfnh lu5ng tmh => Cu(0H)2 tan dugc trong HCl, NaOH dac; Cu(OH)2 c6 kha nang tao phiic t6't => tan dugc trong dung djch N H , :
Cu(OH)2 + 2HC1 > CuCK + 2H2O
Cu(OH)2 + 2NaOH (dac) Na2[Cu(OH)4]
Cu(OH)2 +4NH3 > [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 /
Cu(OH)2 khdng tan, khong tac dung v6i dung djch KCl.
Vay Cu(CH)2 phan ufng dugc vdri 3 dung djch.
Dap an dung la C.
Chu v.- Cu(0H)2 chi tan dugc trong dung djch kidm manh c6 n6ng d6 tren 40% khi dun nong.
12. Hoa tan hoan toan 1,23 gam h6n hgp X g6m Cu va A l vao dung djch HNO3 dac, nong thu dugc 1,344 lit khi NO2 (san ph^m khu duy nha't, b dktc) va dung djch nong thu dugc 1,344 lit khi NO2 (san ph^m khu duy nha't, b dktc) va dung djch Ỵ Sue tir tir khi NH3 (du) vao dung djch Y, sau khi phan u"ng xay ra hoan toan thu dugc in gam ket tijạ Phdn tram vi khoi lugng ciia Cu trong h6n hgp X va gia trj cija m \in Iirgt la
A . 21,95% va 0,78. B. 78,05% va 2,25. C. 21,95% va 2.25. D. 78,05% va 0,78.
Hu&ng đn gidi
Theo bai ra: nNOj = 0,06 (mol). 238
Goi X, y lan lugt la s6' mol cua Cu, A l trong h6n hgp X. Theo bai ra, ta c6: 64x + 27y = 1,23
Cac qua trinh xay ra: Cu - 2e X 2x A l - 3e y 3y N * ' + le 0,06 Cu^^ AP* N •+4 Ta c6: T i r ( l ) , (2^ta eo: (2) — 0,06 (mol) 2x + 3y = 0,06 X = 0,015; y = 0,01.
Sue khi NH3 du vao dung djch Cu(N03)2, A1(N03)3 thi chi c6 ket tua Al(OH)3: A1(N03)3 + 3NH3 + H2O > A K O H ) , ! + 3NH4NO3
y y
• m = m^KOH,3 4 = 0,01 . 78 = 0,78 (gam). '
%mcu/x = 7 8 , 0 5 % . ' ' (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
Dap an dung la D.
13. Cho 21 gam h6n hgp bgt X gom A l , Cu vao dung djch BăOH)2 den khi ngimg thoat khi, thu duge 16,8 lit H , (6 dktc) va eon lai chat rSn Ỵ Hoa tan lugng Y nay bang dung djch HNO3 du thu dugc dung djch Z. Cho lugng du dung djch NH3 vao Z thu dugc 11,7 gam ket tiiạ Khd'i lugng ciia Cu trong X la
jl A . 7,68 gam B. 3,45 gam C. 17,55 gam D. 13,32 gam
Hu&ng đn gidi
Theo bai ra: n^^ =0,75(mol); n^j^Qj^^^^ = 0,15 (mol)
PTPLT: 2A1 + Bă0H)2 + 6H2O Ba[Al(OH)4]2 + SH, t 0,5 <r- 0,75 ' ^ , ^HN03 )A1(NQ3)3 ^NH40H , A1(0H)3 i
0,15 : 0,15
Cu > Cu(N03)2 > [CU(N03)4] (OH), (Tan) ^ m^i = (0,15 + 0,5).27 = 17,55 (gam)
mc„ = 2 1 - 17,5 = 3,45 (gam)
Dap an dung la B.
Chu v: Cho A l , Cu vao dung djch Bă0H)2 den khi ngimg khi thoat ra => A l het hoac BăOH)2 hd't.
Dg'i vori bai toan trdn thi Bă0H)2 het. ' ' '
14. H6n hap ran X gom A l , Fe^O, v a C u c o s o iiiol b a n g n l i a u . 1 I o n h o p X tan hoan loan trong dung djch loan trong dung djch
ẠNaOH(da). B. HCl (du). C. AgNO, (du). D. N H j (du).
Huong dan gidi
H6n hop X (g6m A l , FẹOj va Cu c6 s6' mol bang nhau) c6 th^ tan hoan toan
trong dung djch HCl dụ That vay: ,
I), juu, 2A1 +6HC1 > 2 A l C l 3+ 3 H 2 t ,^
P e A +6HC1 > 2 F e C l 3+ 3 H 2 0 ~ ;:.f + ^ ' I ^
a (mol) 2a (mol) • dOO
Cu + 2FeCl3 > 2FeCl2 + CuCl, £
a (mol) 2a (mol) x
4110)1/ Dap an dung la B.
Chu v; K i m loai Cu khdng tan trong axit HCl, nhng c6 th^ tan trong dung dich
FeClj (san phdm ciia phan ling FejOj vdi HCl).
15. Cho luong khi CO (du) di qua 9,1 gam h6n hop CuO va AUOj nung nong den
khi phan ung hoan toan, thu duoc 8,3 gam chat ran. Kh6'i luomg CuO c6 trong h6n hop ban dSu la B .
Ạ 0,8 gam. B. 8,3 gam. C. 2,0 gam. D. 4,0 gam.
Huong đn gidi
! PTPI/ xay ra: (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
CO(d, + C u O „ , C U ( , , + C O , t
CO + Al203(,) > kh6ng xay ra
Khi 1 iTi .] CuO (80g) phan ling thi kh6'i lugmg giam 16 gam.
vay khi khái luong oxit giam 9,1 - 8,3 = 0,8 gam thi s6' mol CuO da phan ling
bang 0,05 (mol).
vay mcuo (ban đu) = mc„o(p/., = 0,05 . 80 = 4 (gam).
Dap an dung la D. 16. Khi hoa tan hidroxit kim loai M(OH)2 bang m6t luong vtra du dung djch H2SO4
20% thu duoc dung djch mud'i trung hoa c6 n6ng d6 27,21%. K i m loai M la
A . M g . B.Cụ C Z n . D. Fẹ
Dap an dung la B. 17. H6n hop X gdm Cu, Zn. D6't chay hoan toam m gam X trong oxi (du), thu duoc
40,3 gam h6n hop g6m CuO va ZnỌ Mat khac, neu cho 0,25 mol X phan umg ' vori m6t luong du dung djch K O H loang nong, thi thu duoc 3,36 lit khi H j (dktc).
Phdn tram kh6'i luong ciia Cu trong X la
Ạ 29,72% B. 39,63% C. 59,44% D. 19,81% 240 •'\v\:'\''' Huong đn gidi Theobaira: nH2 =0,15(mol). PTHH: Zn + 2 K O H + 2H2O > K2Zn (OH)^ + H2 j < c v c i i 0,15mol , = > n z „ = 0 , 1 5 ( m o l ) ; n c u = 0 , 2 5 - 0 , 1 5 = 0 , l ( m o l ) . . . . . V : .
vay phSn tram khoi luong ciia Cu trong X la: %Cu = ^ 30 ^^o,
0,1.64 + 0,15.65
Dap an dung la B. 18. Khi dien phan dung djch CUSO4, de chdng lai sir thuy phan ciia ion Cu"^ nguoi
ta cho vao dung djch dien phan nay m6t luong nho dung dich loang
A . N a N O , B.Bă0H)2 C. H2SO4 ' D. AgN03.
Hudng đn gidi ^,
Trong dung dich CUSO4: CUSO4 -> Cu-^ + SÔ"
Cu-^ + H2O ^ [Cu(OH)]^ + H^ ,0
[Cu(OH)]^ + H2O ^ Cu(OH)2 + H^
Di tranh sir thuy phan tren, ngudi ta them m6t luong nho axit H2SO4 (se lam cho
cac can bang tr6n chuyen dich sang trai).
,,, Dap an dung la C. Dang 14; Bai tap ve h6n hgp kim loai Fe, C u va oxit s^t (FêO,; Fe,04)
1. Cho 61,2 gam h6n hop X gom Cu va Fe304 tac dung vdi dung djch HNO3 loang,
dun nong va khua'y deụ Sau khi cac phan ling xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc 3,36 lit
khi NO (san phdm khir duy nha't, or dktc), dung djch Y va con lai 2,4 gam kim
loaị Co can dung djch Y, thu duoc m gam mu6'i khan. Gia trj ciia m la
A-108,9. B. 151,5. C. 137,1. D. 97,5. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
Hu&ng đn gidi
Theo bai ra: n^o = 0,15 (mol).
Goi X, y \in luot la s6' mol Fe304 va Cu phan ling.
Theo bai ra, ta c6: 232x + 64y + 2,4 = 61,2 => 232x + 64y = 58,8 (1)
Vi Cu (kim loai) con du ndn trong dung dich Y c6 hai loai mud'i la Cu(N03), va Fe(N03),.
Do do CO cac qua trinh cho - nhan electron xay ra 1^: ' !^
Cu - 2e > C\i^* y 2y y . 8 / 3 Fe +2/3e > Fe"- 3x 3.2/3x 3x ' ' 941
+5 +2 N + 3e > N N + 3e > N v ^ ; , ' • i , . ; . 0A5< 0,15(mol) Z"e(-, - Z"e(.) n^n: 2y = 2x + 0,45 ' '^^^ " " Tir (1, 2) ta c6: x = 0,15; y = 0,375. > Vay: m = 188. y + 180. 3x = 188. 0,375 + 180. 3. 0,15 = 151,5 (gam). Dap an dung la B. 2. Hoa tan h6n hop b6t g6m m gam Cu va 4,64 gam Fe304 vao dung dich H.SÔ
(loang, rat du), sau khi cac phan ling ket thuc chi thu dugc dung djch X. Dung , djch X lam mat mau vira du 100 ml dung dich KMn040,1M. Gia tri ciia m la
Ạ 1,24. B. 3,2. C.0,64. D. 0,96.
IJ Hu&ng dan gidi u
Theobaira: np^^ô =4,64/232 = 0,02(mol)
, nKMn04 =0.1-0,1 =0,Ol(mol)
Fe,04 + 4H2SO4 ( l) ^ F e 2 (SO4), + FeS04 + 4 H 2 O
; 0,02 ' 0,02 -> 0,02 Cu + Fe2 (SO4 )3 - > CUSO4 + 2FeS04 m / 6 4 -> 2m/64
j 10FeSO4 + 2KMn04 + 8H2SO4 ^ 5Fe2 (SO4 \ K2SO4 + 2MnS04 + 8 H 2 O
(0,02+ 2 m / 6 4 ) ^ 0,01
=> 2.(0,02 + 2m /64) = 0,01.10 => 0,02 + 2m /64 = 0,05 => 2m/64 = 0,03 = ^ m = 0,96
Dap an dung la D.
3. Cho m gam h6n hop Cu va FẹOj vao dung dich H 2 S O 4 loang (du), khay đu cho cac phan ung xay ra hoan toan tháy c6 3,2 gam kim loai khong tan va dung dicli X. Cho NH3 (t6i du) vao dung dich X, loc lay k6't tua, nung trong khong khi den kh6'i luong khong doi con lai 16 gam chat rdn. Gia trj ciia m la
Ạ 32 B, 19,2 C. 35,2 D. 25,6
Huong dan gidi
Goi X, y Idn luot la so mol ciia Cu, Fe203 trong h6n hop. PTPlT: Fe203 + 3H2S04(^) ->Fe2(S04)3 +3H2
y -> y
Fe2 (804)3 + Cu ^ 2FeS04 + CUSO4
y ^ y ^ 2y .0 FeS04 +2NH3 + 2 H 2 0 ^ F e ( O H)2 4 + (NH4)2S04 2y ^ 2y 4Fe(OH)2+02 '° > 2Fe203 + 4 H 2 O 2y ^ y CUSO4 + 6NH3 + 2 H 2 0 ^ [ C u(NH3) 4] ( O H)2 +(NH4)2S04 Theobaira: rip^^Q^ =16/160 =0,l(mol) = y
=>ncu =y=0,l(mol)=>mcu =6,4(gam) ^j,, ^ ..y-i, - ,, •
vay m = 16 + 6,4 + 3,2 = 25,6 (gam) •^^....i^.i,:;,'^^,,^^^ ' ^'
Dap an diing la D. 4. Hoa tan hoan toan h6n hop X gom 0,2 mol Fe va 0,2 mol Fe203 vao dung dich
axit H.SO4 loang (du), thu dugc 2,24 lit khi (dktc) va dung djch Ỵ Cho lugng du dung djch NaOH vao dung djch Y, sau khi phan.iJng xay ra hoan toan thu dugc m gam ket tuạ Gia trj nho nhát cua m la (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
Ạ 57,4. B. 59,1. C. 60,8. D. 54,0.
Huong đn gidi
Khi thu dugc la H,: n^^ =0,1 (mol)
Fe203 + 3H2SO4 Fe2 (SO4), + 3H2O
0,2 -> 0,2(mol) Fe + H2S04->FeS04+H2
0,1 < - 0,1 0,1 (mol) Fe + Fe2(S04)3->3FeS04
(0,2-0,1)-). 0,1 ^ 0 , 3 (mol) ; | Sau phan ung c6: np^so4 =0,1+ 0,3 = 0,4(mol)
"Fe2(so4)3 = 0 , 2 - 0 , 1 = 0 , l ( m o l ) ij> ,r FeS04 + 2NaOH ->Fe(0H)2 i +Na2S04
0,4 ^ 0,4 (mol) ;
Fe2 (SO4)., + 6 N a O H ^ 2 F e ( O H)3 i +3Na2S04 , j , , ^ . ' '
0,1 -> 0,2(mol) -^i , •
Dap an dung la Ạ
Chii v; Tính gia trj nho nhát ciia m vi bo qua sir háp phu nu6c va cac chat tan trong dung dich ciia ket tua cung nhu sir oxi hoa Fe(0H)2 bori oxi khong khị
I'll. Ill lOlll Vil pmwn^ jmup ^lUt niliuin ui nuumn i L . J . . X
5. Cho m gam h6n hop Cu v a F c i O j v a o dung djch H 2 S O 4 loang du, khuáy đu cho cac phan ling xay ra hoan loan tháy c6 6,4 gam kim loai kh6ng tan va dung dich X. Cho N H 3 tori du vao dung dich X, loc la'y k6't tiia, nung trong kh6ng khi đ'n khoi luong khong doi con lai 32 gam chat rSn. Gia tri cua m la
Ạ 35,2 B. 25,6 C. 70,4 D. 51,2
Hu&ng dan gidi
Theobaira: H p = 32/160 = 0,2(mol)
So d6 phan ling:
CụFêỌ, )
Nhgn xet:
' ^ F e 2 0 3 (báiđu) = •Tlpg203 (sauphanulig) = -^2 gam , , ;
" m c u (du) = 6,4 gam
- Luang Cu phan u"ng dugc tinh:
F e j O j + 3 H 2 S O 4 ^ Fe2 (SO4 )^ + m^O
0,2 0,2 (mol)
Fe2 ( S O 4) , + Cu ^ 2FeS04 + CUSO4
0,2 ^ 0,2 '
=> nicu (phan *,g, = 0,2 . 64 = 12,8 (gam)
V a y m-mp^^ọ, + i " c u =32 + 6,4 + 12,8 = 51,2(gam) (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
Dap an dung la D.
Chii v: M6t so PTPU" xay ra trong thi nghidm trdn:
C U S O 4 + 2NH,, + 2 H : 0 -> Cu(OH): + (NH4),S04
Cu(OH)2 + 4 N H , -> [Cu(NH,)4] (OH), (Tan)
• ^ FeS04 + 2NH., + 2H3O -> Fe(OH),i + (NH4),S04
4Fe(OH)2 + O, — ^ 2Fe30, + 4 H, 0
6, Cho 49,6 gam h6n hop X gom Cu, Fe, FêOj vao dung djch H 2 S O 4 loang (du),
khuáy deu cho cac phan ung xay ra hoan loan tháy c6 2,4 gam kim loai khong tan; 1,12 lít khi thoat ra (dktc) va thu duoc dung dich Ỵ Cho dung djch N H 3 \6\
du vao dung djch Y, loc ket tiia roi nung trong khong khi den khoi luong khdng doi con lai 40 gam cha't ran khan.
PhSn tram khoi luong ciia Cu trong h6n hop X la
Ạ 4,83% B. 20,64%(\om)i C. 24,19% D. 17,74%
Hudng dan gidi
Kim loai khong tan la Cu dụ
Khi thoat ra la H , : nH- = 1,12/22,4 = 0,05mol ;
Cu,Fej (SO4 )^ - > CUSO4,FeS04 N H 3 • F e ( O H ) Fe203
Chat ran khan la FẹOj: Hp^^Os =40/160 = 0,25moi
F e j O j + 3 H 2 S O 4 F e 2 (SO4 \ 3 H 2 O • 't'T
Fe + H2SO4 FeS04 + H2
y y y
Fe + Fe2 ( 8 0 4 ) 3 ^ 3FeS04
Z ^ Z 3z
Cu + Fe2 ( 5 0 4 ) 3 ^ 2FeS04 + CUSO4 . O o l .•/•il t -> t -> 2t t fr ^> r r FeS04 + 2 N H 3 + 2 H 2 O -> Fe(OH)2 i + ( N H 4) 2 S 0 4 (y + 3z + 2t) ^ (y + 3z + 2t) .0 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 — ! - ^ 2 F e 2 0 3 + 4 H 2 O (y + 3z + 2t) ^ (0,5y + l,5z + t) \ CUSO4 + 6 N H 3 + 2 H 2 0 ^ [ C u ( N H 3) J( O H ) 2 + ( N H 4) 2 S 0 4 Ta C O h6: 160x + 56(y + z) + 64t = 4 9 , 6 - 2 , 4 - 4 7 , 2 h=0,\5 y = 0,05 z = 0,05 .M,5 x = z + t y = 0,05 0,5y + l,5z + t = 0 , 2 5 [ x - 0 , 2 "(64.0,15)+ 2 , 4 ] . 100 v a y %mc„/x = 49,6 = 24,19% Dap an dung la C. Dang 15: Six dung phuong phap bao toan electron de giai bai tap sdt va hop
chat tac dung vdi axit H N O 3
1. Cho 11,36 gam h6n hop g6m Fe, FeO, Fe203 va Fe304 phan ihig.hd't vdri dung
djch H N O 3 loang (du), thu duoc 1,344 lit khi N O (san ph^m khu duy nhát, 6 dktc) va dung dich X. C 6 can dung djch X thu duofc m gam mu6'i khan. Gia tri cija m la
Ạ 38,72. B. 49,09. C. 35,50. D. 34,36.
Hu&ng dan gidi
1 344
Theo bai ra: n^o = = 0,06(mol).
22,4 (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
Ta CO the hinh dung c6 so do nhu sau: 0 +3 > Fe Fe - 3e - X 3x(mol) X Fe 3 o Fe(N03)3 , O +
bii Fe, FeO, Fe304, FcjOj
t V + o S O ,0 I 'V*! -rf „ . - 2.(11,36-56.x) Taco: 3x = — + 0,06.3 16 => 24x = 11,36 - 56x + 1,44 => 80x = 12,8 =^ x = 0,16 (mol).
n Fe(N03)3 = npe = X = 0,16 (mol)
=>mp,(N03)3 =0,16. 242 = 38,72 (g). ; ,A
Dap an dung la Ạ
2. Cho lu6ng khi CO qua 6ng dung 32 gam FejOa d6't nong. Sau mot tliofi gian, khdi
lugng chat rSn trong 6'ng con lai 27,2 gam gom Fe304, FeO, Fe va Fe203 dụ
Dem toan bo chat rSn nay hoa tan het trong dung dich HNO3 du, tháy thoat ra V
lit khi NO (san phdm khir duy nha't, do a dktc). Gia tri ciia V la
Ạ 2,24. B. 3,36. C. 4,48. D. 6,72. Hu&ng đn gidi Ta CO so do: +.1 I ft i
^ Fe, Fe304, FeO, Fe203,
Ta c6: mo = 3,2 - 27,2 = 4,8 (g) no = CO + [0| > 0,3 0,3 (mol) ^Fe{NO,), t m + 4,8 +2 C 0,3 0,6 (mol) 2e 16 CO, 44 C = 0,3(mol). 246 +5 N 3e 0,6 +2 N 0,2 (mol) Vay VNO = 0,2. 22,4 = 4,48 (lit).
Dap an dung la C. 3. Nung m gam bot sat trong oxi, thu duoc 3 gam h6n hop chát ran X. Hoa tan het
h6n hop X trong dung djch HNO3 (du), thoat ra 0,56 lit (or dktc) NO (la san ph^m khijf duy nhát). Gia tri cua m la
Ạ 2,62. B. 2,32. C. 2,52. D. 2 , 2 2 . , 5
Hu&ng đn gidi
Theo bai ra: n^o =
Ta CO so d6: 0 Fe -3e 3m 0,56 22,4 = 0,025(mol) 3+ -> Fe Fe 56 (mol) 00 0 0 + to mọ) in oa xri 03 f. ,t 1 •—^ s Ta c6: