CM v HCHO +H2 )CH3QH
y HOOC COOH + 2NaHC03 ^ N a O O C COONa + 2CO2 + 2 H 2 O
2z T a c 6 h e : r " ^ ^ ^ =>z = 0,6a; y - 0 , 4 a • [y + 2z = l,6a w ^ 46.0,4ạ 100% vay % m H P f ^ „ / v \ / v = = 25,41% • y H C O O H ( Y ) / x 46.0,4a + 90.0,6.a
Cdu 52: FTHH xay ra khi thiic hien thi nghiem:
(1): A g N 0 3 — ^ A g i + N 0 2 + ^ 0 2
D a p a n d u n g l a D .
->2Fe203 +8S02 4 F ; S 2 + 1IO2
KN O3 — ^ K N O 2 +^02
Cui O4 + 6 N H 3 + 2 H 2 O [Cu ( N H 3 )^ ] (OH)^ + ( N H 4 )^ SO4 (2) : Fe + CUSO4 ^ FeS04 +Cui
Zn - 2FeCl3 (du) -> 2FeCl2 + Z n C l 2 (3) : Ag ,S + O2 2Ag i +SO2
Ba + CUSO4 + 2 H 2 O ^ C U ( 0 H) 2 + BaS04 + H2
D a p a n d u n g l a B.
Cdu 53: Xet cac phat bi^u:
(a): Dung(l)
Glucozo (R - CHO) + Br2 + H 2 O Axit gluconic + 2 H B r .
Frutozo +Br2 + H 2 O - > K h 6 n g xay rạ
OH"
(b): Sai, "i: Frutozo <: ± Glucozo
(c) : Sai, vi: Trong m6i tru6ng ki^m yS'u (dung dich NH3) thi c6 su chuyen hoa
fructoza ^ glucozọ Do do, dung djch fructoza va glucozo diu c6 kha
nSng tham gia phan ling trang bac. (d) : Dung (2).
(e): Sai, vi: Trong dung djch, fructozo t6n tai chu yeu dang p, vong 5 canh hoac 6 canh.
(g):Dung,(3) ^ ,^
• ' Dap an dung la C.
Chii y: - Trong dung dich glucozo t6n tai:
Dang vong a <=> C H 2 0 H ( C H 0 H ) ^ CH0<=> Dang vong p * ' ''^ * (36%) dang mach ho (0,003%) (64%)
Con khi ket tinh, glucozo tao ra 2 dang tinh the ung vdi 2 dang cau true vong (dang vong 6 canh a va P).
- Trong dung dich, fructozo ton tai chu yeu d dang P, vong 5 canh hoac 6 canh). 6 trang thai tinh the, fructozo 6 dang P, vong 5 canh.
Cau 54: Theo bai ra: nAgN03 =0,4.0,2 =0,08(mol) n^^ =5,85/65 = 0,09(mol)
2"zn > " A g N O i (20,09 > 0,08) =>Zn con du sau khi cac phan ling xay ra hoan toan.
Cu + 2AgN03 Cu(N03)2 ^ ^ A g i => X (ran): Ag, Cu (chua phan ung)
Y (dung djch): AgNO, (chua phan ung), CU(N03)2 Zn + 2AgN03 -» Zn (NO3 )^ + 2Ag i
Zn + Cu(N03)2 ^ C u i + Z n ( N 0 3) 2 => Z (rdn): Ag, Cu, Zn (du)
Vay thirc chat cua thi nghiem tren la:
Zn + 2 A g N 0 3 Z n (NO3 )2 + 2Ag i
0,04^0,08-^ 0,08(mol) Do do: + m + m^g + m^,, (du)
=> 7,76 + 10,53 = m + 0,08.108 + (0,09 -0,04).65 m = 6,40
Dap an dung la Ạ
Cach khac: n/^^^^^^ =0,08mol;n2„ =0,09(mol)
Vi 2ny„ = 0,18 > nAgN03 = 0,08 =>Zn (du) So do torn tat:
AgN03 AgN03,Cu(N03) 2 - ^ g- ^ Z n ( N 0 3 ) ^ + Zn
2AgN03 + Zn ^ Zn (NO3)^ + 2Ag 4- • • • . - ' " . i
0,08 0,04(mol) Theo dinh luat bao toan khoi luong, ta c6:
" l A g N 0 3 + "izn + " i c u = n i x + + m^„(Nô)
=> = m = m x + rwy + m ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ) ^ - mAgN03 "
=> m = 7, 76 + 10,53 + 0,04.189 - 0,08.170 - 5,85 => m = 6,4(gam)
Cau 55: Theo bai ra: n^o = 5,6/28 = 0,2(mol)
HH^O =5,4/18 = 0,3(mol) ^ Ceo = 0,2/10 = 0,02M; C^^Q^^^ = 0,3/10 = 0,03M CO(k) + H20(k) ^ CÔ{k) + H2(k) Banđu: 0,02 0,03 0 0 Phan ling: x -> x -> x -> x (M) can bang: 0,02-x 0,03-x x x Ta c6: =>1 = C O J . f H C 0 ] . [ H 2 0 (0,02-x)(0,03-x) x^ = 0,0006 - 0,03x = 0,02x + x^ x.x > 0,0006 = 0,05x X =0,012 Vay [COJ = 0,02-0,012=0,008M H2O] = 0,03-0,012= 0,018M Cau56: PTHH: Ci2H220,,+H2O )2CftH|20 (0,02+0,01) ^ 0,06.75 Mrs 6^12^6 0,06 (mol) VI H = 75% nen n = 0,045 (mol) C,H,206+Ag20 0,045 — 'C6H,206 - 100 I ^ C 6 H , 2 0 , + 2 A g ; > 0,090(mol) Dap an dung la D.
Luong mantoza chua bj thuy phan:
Trong dung djch, vi g6'c glucoza thir hai c6n c6 nh6m OH hemiaxetal n6n c6 kha nang ma vong tao ra nhom chiic andehit CHO, do do no c6 kha nang tham gia phan I'ng trang bac.
C12H22O11 (mantozo) +Ag20—^^^^^C,2H220,2 + 2Ag i 0,0025 -> 0,005 (mol)
Vay n^g =0.090+ 0,005-0,095(mol)
Dap an diing la C.
.0
C h u i : + ) C, 2 H 2 2 0 , ,+ H 2 0^ ^ C 6 H , 2 0 6 + C 6 H , 2 0 6
Saccarozof glucozof fructoza C, 2 H 2 2 0 „+ H 2 0 - ^ 2 C , H, 2 0 6
( mantoza glucozof fructoza ^"^^"2^ > glucozo
+ Luang mantoza chua b| thuy phan se tham gia phan irng trang bac + Saccaroza kh6ng tham gia phan ling trang bac.
Cdu 57: Dippptit glyxylalanin (mach ho):
H 2 N - C H 2- C O - H N - C H( C H 3) - C O O H Co 1 lien ket peptit ( - C O - H N - )
=> Phat bieu A khdng dung
Dap an dung la Ạ
Chu v; C2H,NH2 + HNOj -> C 2 H , 0 H + N2 + H2O
etyl amin etanol
CH3NH2 + H2O ^ CH3NH3 + O H "
metyl amin m6i trucmg baza
Cdu 58: Dung djch chudn la KMn04 : nKMn04 = 0,03.0,1 =0,003mol
10FeSO4 + 2 K M n 0 4 +8H2SO4 ^5Fe2 ( 8 0 4) 3 + K2SO4 +2MnS04 +8H2O
0,015 <-0,003(mol)
=> Trong 20ml dung djch Y c6 0,015 mol FeS04
Trong 150ml dung djch Y c6 0,015.150/20 = 0,1125 mol FeS04 =>mFeso4-0,1125.152 = 17,l(g)
vay %mF^so4 /X = '^''^'^^^"^ = 68,4% Dap an diing la D.
358
Cdu 59: Phan iJng hod hoc xay ra: Zn + Cu^^ -> Cu i + Zn^^ Suy ra: •;-Kh6'i luang circ Zn giam
( +KhÓi luong cue Cu tang j
+ N6ng d6 ion Cu"* giam
+ N6ng do ion Zn""^ tang Dap an diing la D.
Cdu 60: PTHH:
CH3CHO + H C N - > CH3CH( 0 H ) ( C N ) ( X . )
CH3CH(OH)(CN) + 2 H 2 O —i i ^ ^ C H 3 C H ( O H ) C O O H + NH3
=> X2 la axit 2 - hidroxipropanoic (axit lactic)
C2 H^Br + Mg —C 2 H 5 M g B r ( ^ ) C2H,MgBr + CO2 ->-C2H5COOMgBr ( ^ ) (Y2) CjHsCOOMgBr + H Q ^ C2H5COOH + ClMgBr (Y2) (Y3)
=> Y3 la axit propanoic Dap an diing la B.
Chu y: - Thuc t6' phan ting thiiy phan hop chat xianohidrin trong m6i tnromg axit CH3CH(0H)(CN) + 2 H 2 O + — ^ C H 3 C H ( O H ) C O O H + N H ;
- Chi cin xac djnh diing la chon duac dap an dung.
- Tfnh chát cua hop chat co magie: tac dung nhanh vdi nhiJng hop chat c6 hidro linh d6ng (nhu nu6c, ancol,...) va tac dung vdi khi cacbonic (CO,),...
RMgX + H2O ^ RH + HOMgX RMgX + R' O H - > RH + R' OMgX
RMgX + C O j - > R C O O M g X '
- Chu6i (1, 2) la cac phuong phap tang mach cacbon khi di^u chd' axit cacboxylic.
Cdu 61: Cac PTHH xay ra trong so d6:
Cr03 + 2NaOH -> Na2Cr04 + H j O ( X )
2Na2Cr04 + H2SO4 Na2Cr20 + Na2S04 + H2O ,
( X ) ( Y )
• M
Na2Cr207 + 14HC1 -> 2NaCl + 2CrCl3 + SClj + 7H2O
( Y ) (z) "
2CrCl3 + 3CI2 + 16NaOH ^ 2Na2Cr04 + 12NaCl + 8H2O
( Z ) ( X )
Dap an dung la Ạ
Chu v.- Theo bai ra: X, Y, Z la cac hop chat chiJa crom nen Z kh6ng the la C!,.
Cdu 62: Cac chat thoa man ytu cdu:
-Glucozc: 2C6H,206+Cu(OH)2->(C6H,,06)2Cu + 2 H 2 0
CftHijOf, + Br2 + H 2 O C 6 H 1 2 O 7 + 2HBr
-Mantoza: 2C,2H220,, + C U( 0H) 2- > (C, 2 H 2 , 0 , , )2 Cu + 2H2O
C,2H220,, + Br2 + H2O ^ C,2H220,2 + 2HBr
- Axit fomic: 2 H C O O H + C U( 0H) 2 - > ( H C O O ) ^ CU + 2H2O ,
HCOOH + Br, CO2 + 2HBr
Dap an dting la I).
Cdu 63: Theo bai ra: nco,H2 =8,96/22,4 = 0 , 4 ( m o l )
.0
CuO + H^ -^Cu + H j O
:uo+co- ->Cu + CO 2
^ ' "co,H2 >"cuO =>CuO het; n^u =0,3mol
X CO 0,2 mol AUOj (kh6ng bi khu boi CO, H,).
0,3 mol Cụ
3Cu + 8HNO3 ^ 3Cu(N03)2 + + "^^2°
0, 3 - > 0,8 (mol) AI2O3 + 6HNO3 ^ 2 A l ( N 0 3 ) j + 3 H 2 O 0,2 1,2 (mol) = > " H N O 3 =0,8 + l,2 = 2mol =>a = 2/0,5 = 4,00M Dap an diing la C Cdu 64: X -^X"+ + n e [Ne]
Cac nguyen t6' X thoa man di^u kian:
• 1) N a ( Z - 11): N a - >Na"' + le 1) N a ( Z - 11): N a - >Na"' + le [Ne]3s' [Ne] 2) M g ( Z = 12): M g - [NeJ3s- [Ne] > Mg^"'+2e 3) A 1 ( Z = 13): A l Ar''*+3e I-,, ''. <- •' [Ne]3s'3p' |NeI Dap an diing la Ạ
Chil y: - Kh6ng t6n tai cac cation X**, X'*, ... (chiing rat kh6ng b^n, chi ton tai trong khoang thofi gian rat ngan trong di^u kien dac biet).
- Phan bidt ion c6 dien tich n+ v6i nguyen tij c6 s6' oxi hoa +n.
Cdu 65: Dung djch X gom: M g ( N 0 3) 2 ; A 1 ( N 0 3 ) 3 ; Z n ( N 0 3) 2 ;Fe(N03)^; N i ( N 0 3 ) ^ ;Cu(N03) 2 ; A g N 0 3 , H N 0 3
* X + đ NaOH (du): ket tiia Y thu duoc g6m:
M g ( O H ) 2 ; F e ( O H ) 3 ; N i ( O H ) 2 ; C u ( O H ) 2 ; A g 2 0 ,
=> 4 ket tiia la hidroxit
* Y + đ NH3 (du): Ket tiia Z g6m:
Mg(OH) 2 ;Fe(OH)^ (=> 2 ket tua hidroxit). Dap an dung la D.
Chu y: - Muoi niken (III) khong t6n tai trong dung djch, do do Ni ""^"-^ > N i ( N 0 3 ) ^ .
- 2AgN03 + 2 N a 0 H -> A g 2 0 i +2NaN03 + H2O
- N i ( 0 H) 2 + 6 N H 3 ^ [ N i ( N H 3 ) ^ ] ( O H) 2
A g j O + 4NH3 + H 2 O- > 2[Ag(NH3)2 J(OH)
- Hidroxit Cu(OH)2 chi tan trong dung dich kiem dac, nong: 0 ,H3rH'.> •
C u ( O H) 2+ 2 N a O H —^ N a 2 [ C u ( O H ) J
Cdu 66: CYCT cm X c6 the la H O C H j - CH = CH - CH2 - CHO
HOCH2CH = CH - CH2CHO )5C02 + 4H2O
HOCH2CH = CHCH2CHO + N a- ^ ^ N a O C H 2 C H - C H C H 2 C H O
HOCH2CH = CHCH2CHO + A g j O ""-^ ) 2Ag + HOCH2CH = CHCH2COOH
Dap an dung la D.
Cdu 67: So 66 cac phan u:ng xay ra: