HCl dac), tao phiic tan vdri mud'i xianua:
Au + HNO3 + 3HC1 > AUCI3 + NO + 2H,0.
2Au + 4NaCN + O, + H,0 > 2Na[Au(CN)2] + 2NaOH.
Nl,niken
- N i ( Z = 28):[Ar]3d«4s-.
- Trong hop chát, niken c6 s6' oxi hoa ph6 bid'n la + 2 va + 3. - Niken la kim loai nSng, m^u trang bac, rát cumg.
- Niken cd tfnh khu y6'u hon sat: Ni + CI, — ^ N i a 2
2Ni + O 2 - i - ^ 2NiO «•
Ni + 2HC1 > N i a , + H2t
Phdn loai vci phuang phiip gicii nhanh BT Hoa hoc 12 -C / //.•/? I oarT Chu y: + Kim loai Ni ben vdi khong khi, nirdc la do c6 loip ox it b^n bao v&.
+ Cung nhu Fe, Ni cung bj thu d6ng hoa bai HNO3 dac, ngu6i; H2SO4 dac,
ngu6ị
+ Khac vert sat, d6'i vdri niken trang thai oxi hoa + 2 dac trung hon + 3.
4, Zn, kern
- Zn (Z = 30): [Ar] 3d"'4s-
- Trong hop chat, kem c6 s6' oxi hoa + 2. - Kem la kim loai hoat dong, c6 tinh khir manh.
2Zn + O, — ^ 2ZnO Zn + S ——> ZnS
Zn + 2HC1 > ZnCl, + H,
4Zn + 5 H 2 S O 4 (dac) > 4ZnS04 + H.S + 4H2O
4Zn + IOHNO3 (1) > 4Zn(N03)2 + NH4NO3 + 3H2O
Zn + CUSO4 > Cu + ZnS04
Zn + 2FeCl3 > ZnCU + 2Fea,
Zn + 2NaOH + 2H,0 > Na,[Zn(OH)4] + H .
Zn + 4NH3 + 2H2O > [Zn(NH3)4](OH), + H^t
4Zn + NaN03 + 7NaOH > 4Na2Zn02 + NH3 + H^O
5. Sn, thiec
- Sn (Z = 50): [Kr] 4d"'5s-5p-.
- Trong hap chat, thiec c6 s6' oxi hoa la + 2 va + 4.
- Thidc la kim loai nang, mau tiing bac, deo, dt nong chay (t°^ = 232°Q.
- Thiéc 1? kim loai c6 tinh khix yd'u han kem va niken. Sn + O, ) SnO,
Sn + HCl > SnCU + H .
Sn + H2SO4 (loang) > SnS04 + H ,
3Sn + 8HNO3 (loang) > 3Sn(N03)2 + 2N0 + 4H2Ọ
Sn + 4HNO3 (dac) > H2Sn03i + 4NO2T + H.O Sn + 4H2SO4 (dac) — - > Sn(S04)2 + 2SO2 + 4H2O
Sn + 2NaOH + 2H2O > Na2[Sn(OH)4] + H2. 6. Pb, Chi
- Pb (Z = 82): [Xe] 4f'"Sd'^es-ep".
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Viet