II CAC LUAN DIEM VE VX SUA DOI HIEN PHAP CUA CIAl DOAN XAY DUNG NA NUOC PHAP QUYEN
4. Nftiom cac tieu chi ve cau triic, tinh chat va mite do dieu chinh cua
HPSD. Thuc tien quoc tl hien da: Irong bdi ca.*!!! loan cdu hda, cung nhu
nhiing thanh tiju khoa hpe ciia luat Hien phap ciia nlian loai hang tram ndm qua da vd dang cho thay rdng, de cd the chi ra dugc mdt cdch khdeh quan vd
khoa hgc, day dii \'a chinh xac ceiu trite (1), mice do dieu ehinh (2) vd tinh
chdt (3)) cLia HPSD trong bat ky qudc gia nao dugc coi la NNPQ dich thue
tren the gidi duong dai, tlieo quan diem eiia chiing tdi, thi vdn de ddu tien la
can phd.i lam ro cho dugc ndi ham cua ba khai niem nay. Vi vay, theo quan dilm ciua chiing tdi tren ca sd chu nghia duy vdl biin chirng, cung nliu nhirng tri thirc ciia khoa hgc ludt Hiin pheip va khoa hoc vi die bdo cd the lan lugt
djnh ng;hTa nhu sau:
4 . 1 . cdu triic dia HPSD trong mot qudc gia la mat phgm tru chu
quan pihdn dnh vi mat hinh thiec KTLH ddi vdi nhieng vdn di mang tinh quy lud'il cua cdc QHXH dang tdn tgi vd se phdt trien trong tuang lai md KTLH i(co cdu) trong Hiin phdp dd dugc ban he'inh trudc day dd khdng cdn phiii hgrp nira vd niu nhu khdng cd su bd sung ddy dii vd hodn thien mgt cdch kip thdi theo hudng tich cue thi se gdy nen su dnh hudng khdng tdl cho kit cdu (cdch thue bien sogn) vi mat ndi dung nhung vdn de hien dinh ceSn duge diiu chinh trong HPSD. Tir djnh nghTa khoa hgc ciia khdi
niem nidy (cau triic cua HPSD) cho thdy, nd bao gdm ba ddc diem c a ban sau day : 1) La mdt pham trii chu quan phdn dnh ve mat hinh thirc KTLH
ddi vdi nhiing van de mang linh quy luat ciia cac QHXH dang tdn tai va se phdt trien trong luong lai; 2) KhQ-ng vdn de ndy do KTLH (ca cdu)
trong Hien phdp da dugc ban hanh trudc day dd khdng cdn phu hgp nira va ehinh vi the; 3) Neu nhu khdng cd sy bd sung ddy du va hodn thien mgt each kjp thdi theo hudng tich eye thi se gdy nen sy anh hudng khdng
tot cho kit cdu (each thirc bien soan) ve mdt ndi dung nhung vdn dl hiin
dinh cdn dugc diiu chinh trong HPSD. Nhu vdy, can cir vdo cac dac diem, nhu cau mang tinh quy luat ciia cac QHXH dang tdn tai va se phat
triln trong giai doan xay dyng mgt NNPQ dich thyc cua ddn, do ddn vd
vi ddn a nude ta hien nay, chiing ta cd thi xdc djnh cdu true (co cdu) ciia
Hiin phap ndm 1992 hien hanh cua Viet Nam trong Idn sua ddi, bd sung Idn thir 2 nay la: can hoan thien sao cho ca cdu ciia dao ludt co bdn cd hieu lyc phap ly cao nhdt cua ddt nude sau khi da dugc sira ddi phdi ihl hien dugc KTLH mdt each khoa hgc vd khach quan vdi each thirc bien soan ro rang, mach lac dl cdc quy pham ciia nd cd hieu lyc true tilp ngay trong cac ITnh vuc hoat ddng cua Nha nude vd ddi sdng ciia xa hgi, gop phan bao vp mgt each hiiu hieu cac quyen vd tu do hiin dinh ciia con ngudi va ciia cdng ddn, ddng thdi viec td chire BMQL nhd nude Vipt
Nam can phdi cd dugc ba ddc tinh ca ban la ciia nhdn ddn {I), ddn chu (2) va phdp quyen (3) nhu ciia Hiin phdp ndm 1946 - md liic sinh thdi
Chu tich Hd Chi Minh hdng mong udc cho nhdn dan Viet Nam.
4.2. Tinh chdt cua HPSD trong mgt qude gia la mgt phgm tru khach
quan phdn dnh ve chdt nhieng dgc diem vd nhu edu mang tinh quy lugt ciia cdc QHXH dang tdn tgi vd se phdt triin trong tuong lai md su diiu, chinh bdng cdc quy dinh trong Hiin phdp da duge ban hdnh trudc day dd khdng cdn phii hgp nita vd niu nhu khdng cd .su bd sung vd hodn thi^n mot each kip thdi theo hudng lich cite thi se dua din nhirng h^ luy khiing hodngxd hgi nghiem trgng. Tir dinh nghTa khoa hgc ciia khdi nipm
nay cho thdy, tinh chdt cua HPSD bao gom ba ddc dilm ca ban nhu sau: 1) La mpt pham trii khdeh quan phan anh ve chdt nhiing dac dilm vd nhu
cau mang tinh quy luat cua cdc QHXH dang ton tai va se phat triln trong tuong lai; 2) Sy diiu chinh bdng cdc quy djnh trong Eliln phdp da dugc ban hanh trudc ddy ddi vdi cdc QHXH nay dd khdng edn phii hgp nira vd chinh vi the; 3) Neu nhu khdng cd sy bd sung vd hoan thien mgt cdch kjp
thdi theo hudng tich cue thi se dua din nhung he lyy khiing hoang xa hgi
nghiem trgng. Nhu vdy, edn cir vao nhirng ddc dilm, nhu cau mang tinh quy ludt eiia cae QHXH dang ton tai va se phdt triln trong giai doan xay
dung NNPQ Viet Nam, chuni' la cd the xac dinh tinh chdt ciia Hien phdp
nam 1992 hien hanh trong lan sua ddi. bd su-vj lan thu- 2 nay la: Can bd
sung vd hoan thien sao cho cae t.uy J mh •ruiiL,- dao luat ca ban cd hieu luc phap ly cao nhat ciia dat nude sau KIM da dave sira ddi phai phdn dnh
eluac vi chdl mgt cdch khoa hoc khucli i/iiuii vei chinh xiic ba ele'te linh ca ban cua Hiin phdp nam 19-16 tiin dai Hd Cfii Minh - nhdn eldn (1), eldn chu (2) vaphdp quyin (3). \'i chinh hu dae linh ca bdn va deiy long nhdn di ddi ve'ri nhdn eldn la cua lu Urong 116 ('hi .\Unh ve Hien phdp ndy cdn phdi Id sgi ehi elo xuyen suot trong nhdn thicc - khoa hge ddi vdi mdi mdt
can bd, dang vien cd tdm vi Td quoc vd nhdn eldn trong qua trinh SDHP Viet Nam nam 1992 (lan thir heii) va phai la dac tinh dugc phdn anh ve
mat biln djnh rd net nhal trong HPSD. ma cu the dudi day ehung ta cdn phan tich di: cd ihd nhan ihay ro \an Je nay.