II CAC LUAN DIEM VE VX SUA DOI HIEN PHAP CUA CIAl DOAN XAY DUNG NA NUOC PHAP QUYEN
2. Nhirng co sd khoa ho c thuc tien cia vice SDHP trong giai do^m
xdy dyng NNPQ Viet Nam nen chdng can phdi dugc xdc djnh mdt each
ddng bp vd dya tren nhiing co so khoa hge - thue tien khach quan, cd cin
cir va bdo dam sue thuyet phyc sau day:
2.1. Mdt Id, viec SDHP can bdo ddm sir phii hgp vdi thuc tien phap
ly, cung nhu nhirng dieu kipn cu the hipn nay ciia Viet Nam (ve kinh te - xa hdi, tdm ly - dao dure, vdn hda - ljch sir, tdn giao - truyin thdng, v.v...) de sau khi dugc thdng qua, cac quy djnh cua Hiin phdp da dugc sua ddi, bo sung (sau ddy sS viet tdt la HPSD) se thuc su la nhiing can cir phap ly riln tang cho he thdng phap luat qudc gia, cung nliu cho viec dieu chinli nbihig nhdm vdn de chu yeu tuong ung vdi cac ITnh vyc ca bdn va quan trgng nhat trong sinh boat nha nude, xd hdi.
2.2. Hai Id, viec SDHP can phai ddp iing dugc cac quan he xd hpi
(QHXH) dang tdn tai d Viet Nam duang dai trong gdn 20 ndm qua (kl tir khi Hien phap nam 1992 cd hieu lyc) va cd tinh den su phat trien tiep tyc ciia cdc QHXH nay trong tuong lai de sau khi dugc thdng qua cae quy djnh ciia HPSD mdi ed the di vao cudc sdng.
2.3. Ba Id, viee SDHP can phdi cd sy ITnh hdi duge cdc tu tudng phap
ly tien bd va dan chu vdi tu each la nhiing tinh hoa ciia nen vdn minh nhan loai (nhu: sy tdn trgng va bdo ve cac quyen vd ty do ciia con ngudi va ciia cdng ddn, su phdi hgp, phdn cdng, can bdng, kiem tra va che udc nhau giiia cac nhanh quyen lyc nha nude, sy BVHP bdng nhdnh QTP, v.v...) - cdc nguyen tdc va cac quy pham dugc thira nhdn chung ciia phdp ludt qudc te, cung nhu cd sy tham khdo vd lya chgn kinh nghiem lap hien tdt, tien bg va ddn chii cua cdc NNPQ tren the gidi.
2.4. Bdn Id, viec SDHP edn phdi gdp phdn thiic ddy mgt each tich cue
cho thdng lgi cudi ciing ciia sy nghiep xdy dung NNPQ, phdt trien va Cling cd cdc thiet che ciia xa hdi ddn su (XHDS) va, thdnh cdng ciia cdng cugc CCTP tren ddt nude Viet Nam.
2.5. Vd cudi ciing, ndm la, viec SDHP cdn phdi dira tren tu tudng
"lay ddn lam gde" ciia Hd Chi Minh (chir khdng phdi la ciia mdt nhdm
ngudi cd chiic quyen nao trong bd may cdng quyen), ma sy the hien ro net nhdt quan diem ndy ciia Ngirdi Id thuc lien lap hien ciia dat nircrc thdng qua cdc quy djnh eua Hien phdp Viet Nam ndm 1946.
3. Nhom cac can cd cho vice bii'n soan HPSU. Trudc hit, can phdi khdng djnh rdng. vice nghien cim, sua ddi va bd sung Hien phdp nam 19'92 khdng thi va cang khdng phai la mdt mue dich ty than, ma dd chinh la mdt quy ludt khach quan irong qua trinh phat triCui ciia Nhd nude vd xd
hgi Viet Nam. Chinh vi vay. ihiet nghT viec nghien cieu di SDHP (ndi
chung), cung nhu bat ky mpl ehl dinh nao trong HPSD (ndi rieng) trong giai doan phdt trien cua xa hdi Vict Nam hien nay (khi ma trinh do ddn tri va vdn hda phdp ly ciia cac nhd lap hien vd dai bieu Qude hdi da cao) thi ngudi nghien cuu khdng the eii di mai theo Idi mdn ciia xu hudng ly thiuylt sudng "khoa hgc phdng giay" (nhu: chi phan tich vl mat ly ludn cac hgc thuyet, ly giai cac quan diem hay chi lap luan mcit cdch chung chung kieu "tren mdy, tren gid" nhung khdng he dem lai lgi ich gi cho thuc tien lap hien ciia ddt nude) ma irai lai, phai dua ra cho dugc nhung phuang an dudi cac dang khac nhau (nhu: cac KGLH ve ea cdu chung
vai ten ggi ciia tirng Phdn, Chuang, sd luemg Dieu eiia tieng Du thdo hay
npi dung timg khodn, dieu ludt bode minh hpa dudi dang cdc md hinh, v.v...) dl cdc dai bieu Qudc hdi cd the de dang nhan biet vd phdn biet durgc Phucnig an (Du thao) cu the ndo dd ciia ban HPSD duge dua ra vdi
bdtn Hiin phdp hien hanh. Nhu vdy, ehung ta phdi chi ra cdc cdn eit ma trSn ea sd dd cdc phuang an khac nhau ciia Du thdo HPSD dugc soan
thido va chinh vi the, chiing tdi cho rdng, viec soiin thao HPSD Viet Nam
ndmi 1992 hipn hdnh nen chdng cdn dya tren ca sd cua bdn cdn cu ca ban vdl quan trgng ban cd: chinh tri - lu tudng (1), khoa hge (2), thue tiin (3) vdl ky thugt lap hiin (4) sau day:
3.1. Cdn eit ve mdi chlnh Iri - tu tudng dc soan thdo HPSD - cdc ludn
diiem mang tinh ehi dgo. dinh huerng cho viec SDHP theo chiing tdi dd
chiinh la nhirng ludn diim tiin bg vd ddn chii trong mgt hat cdc vdn kien
quian trgng nhdt eiia Ddng trong ban mdt thap ky qua (1991 - 2012) nhu:
l)i Cac luan diem da neu tren vl ndm nhiem vy chii yeu cua BMQL nha nurdc vdi tu each la ndm dae dilm eua NNPQ Viet Nam dugc ddng chi
D(o Mudi chinh thirc khdi xudng xdy dimg tir Hdi nghj dai bieu toan qudc
giiQ-a nhiem ky khda VII (ndm 1994); 2) Euan diem ve xdy dirng ca che
tdn phdn Hiin phdp trong hogt dgng liip phdp, hdnh phdp vd lu phdp
trong Nghi quyit Dai hdi Ddng Idn thir X (ndm 2006); 3) Cdc ludn diem
Nghi quyit Dai hgi Dang lan thir XI (2011) va Cuang ITnh ndm 1991 (Ph^t
trien, bd sung ndm 2011) va gdn day nhdt; 4) Cac ludn dilm vl SDHP cita Hgi nghi TW 2, Hgi nghj TW 5 (khda XI); 5) Tu ludng lap hiin mang
. linh nhdn vdn sdu sdc cua Chu tjch Hd Chi Minh thi hien qua ba tinh
chat eua Hiin phap ndm 1946 - Hiin phap ddu tien ciia nude Viet Nam
DCCH duge soan thdo dudi su chi dao true tilp ciia Ngudi - nhdn ddn,
ddn chii vd phdp quyen va; 6) Cac ludn dilm ddn chii va tiln bd vi Td qudc,
nhan dan va sy phat trien cua dat nude do dong chi Do Mudi dl xudt trong b^i phdt bilu tai Hgi nghi TW 2 knda VII (ngay 29/11/1991) da neu vl viec xay
dung mdt Qudc hdi boat dgng thudng xuyen vd trong thu "V/vgdpy .siea ddi,
bd .sung Hiin phdp ndm 1992" ngay 12/11/2011 da neu vl viec xdy dung co
che BVHP chuyen trach va tap trung vdi 1 tiong 2 phuang an ma tlieo dd "Tda
dn Hiin phdp hogc Hgi ddng bdo hiin mang llnh dgc lap cao, khdng ndm a Qudc hgi Chinh phu".
3.2. Cdn eit ve mat khoa hge dl soan thdo HPSD -nhieng ihdnh tieu
tien tien trong KHPL ndi chung vd khoa hgc ludt Hiin phdp ndi rieng vdd
tu each la nhirng tinh hoa - di sdn tinh than phdp ly da dugc thira nhdn chung ciia nen vdn minh nhdn loai ma eac NNPQ tren thi gidi da kl thir.a de soan thdo eac vdn ban Hien phdp eiia minh vdi cac hgc thuylt vd cac che dinh rat quan trgng co lien quan din HPSD (ma bdt ky qudc gia nao
mudn xdy dyng mgt NNPQ dich thuc coi nhu la mdt quy liieit tdt yiu
mang tinh bi^n ehung khdeh quan) nhu: 1) Phdi phan cdng lao dgng
quyen luc mdt each khoa hgc, ranh mach va ro rang de tao ra dugc su
kiem tra vd cdn bdng giita cdc nhdnh quyin luc nhd nude; 2) BMQL nha
nude va cac quan chiic cua nd phai tdn trgng vd bdo v? cdc quyin cua
con ngudi vd ciia cong ddn; 3) Phdi cd co chi KSQL nhd nude di thiec hi^n dugc quyin kiim tra Hiin phdp (KTrHP) bdng QTP hoae bdng nigit
ca ehl dgc lap (ngoai ba nhdnh quyin lyc truyin thong) dl ddu tranh hieu qua vdi tp tham nhiing; 4) Phai bdo dam tinh phdp chi tdi thuang vd hiiu
luc true liip ciia Hien phap so vdi cdc dao luat khde; 5) Phdi bao dam
dugc llnh dgi dien cao nhdt eho ddn tdc cua QLP, tinh doe leip thuc su vd
chi ludn theo Hien phdp, phdp ludt ciia QTP, v.v...).
3.3. Cdn cie vi mat thuc lien de soan thdo HPSD - cdc QHXH tren
cdc binh diin khdc nhau (ve chinh tri - phdp ly, kinh tl - xa hdi, vdn hda -
triin Iremg luemg leii cdn phai ehcnc hp thdi dieu chinh vi mat lap hiin ele gdp phdn khdc pliiie thicc Iraiig hut cap vci mdt logi nhiing nhuerc diim chu yiu dd elieerc phdn I ten I re a deiy cua 1 lien phdp Vict Nam ndm
1992 hien hanh.
3.4. Vd cuoi ciing, edn cie \i melt KTLH de soan thao HPSD - cdch
thiec hien sogn cita nhd lap hien ele xeiy dung cdu triic eua HPSD sao cho ihcii khejeh quan vd chinh xdc, chat che vi Idgic phdp ly vd bdo ddm sue ihuyit phiic (nhu: theo hirdng 3 edu Iriic la Phan, Chuang vd Dieu hay chi
theo 2 hodc 1 edu Inic va cd hay khdng dai ten ggi cho cdu triic sau ciing de pbdni dnh tu tutrng chinh cua tirng Dieu trong HPSD).