II CAC LUAN DIEM VE VX SUA DOI HIEN PHAP CUA CIAl DOAN XAY DUNG NA NUOC PHAP QUYEN
3. Nhan xet ve thu-c trang neu tren du-oi goc do NNPQ Nhu vdy, tir su
phdn tich thyc trang cua cdc VBPL cd lien quan, eiing nhu y kiln tren ddy cua gidi KHPL nude nha vl nhu-ng han che, bdt cap ciia qua trinh thyc hipn va KSQL nha nude d Vipt Nam hipn nay chiing ta cd thi di din mdt so nhdn xet chung tren ba (03) binh dipn ehinh nhu sau:
3.1. Ve mat lap phdp, trong he thong cae VBPL hien hanh d Vipt
Nam da ghi nhan nhung cdn cir phdp ly cho co chi KSQL nhd nude
nhung thyc chat mdi chi Id KSQL tuphdp bdng quyin luc cdng d nude ta
(nhu da phdn tich d tren), nhung ddng thdi theo Hiin phdp ndm 1992
hien hanh thi "Qudc hgi thue hiin quyen gidm sdt tdi cao ddi vdi todn bg
hogt dgng eua Nhd nude" (khoan 4 Diiu 83) nen khdng cd co ehl KSQL
3.2. Vc mat ihuc lien, ciing khdng the c() dugc mdi quan he hiru ca cua ca che KSQL nha nude giira ha nhanh. - QLP, QHP va QTP (md bdn chat phdp ly ciia mdi quan he nay la iLuel lap dugc su hdi Iwa, sy luong
hd qua lgi va tinh hien chiaig giira 03 nlianh quyen luc dd trong nha
nude) nen ve ea ban d Viet Nam hien nay mdi chi cd sy KSQL nhd nude
//;(}/ chiiu (lir phia chii the la nhanh QLP va ddi khi Id nhanh QHP ddi vdi khach the la nhanh QTP). Va chinh vi nhan ihay rdt rd dieu dd nen cdc
ludn diim chi deio rdl liin ho vd ddn chu neu tren ciia Ddng cdm quyen da
tlirgc dua ra tai Dai hdi lan thir X va XI vira qua la nhdm khac phuc tinh trang ihyc te nay.
3.3. Va cudi cimg, ve mat ly lugn, dudi gdc do KHPL (bao gdm cd ly hidn ve NNPQ mot khi da khdng cd ca che ?CSQL nha nude (ndi
chung) vd CO che KSQL lap phap (ndi rieng), ed nghTa la khi QLP khdng dugc kiem sodt bdi ea quan chuyen trdch thudc nhdnh quyen luc khac ty minh kiem soat boat dgng ciia chinh bdn thdn minh, thi rd rdng la hodn toan khdng phii hgp vdi nhirng ddi hdi (yeu edu) eiia mdt
NNPQ dich ihuc vi quan diem duge thira nhan chung ciia nen van
minh nhdn loai vd cung la cua tdt cd cdc ludt gia tiln bg tren thi gidi -
NNPQ phdi la nhd nude md trong dd ejuyin lire vd chinh iri phdi bi
kiem sodt bdi phdp ludt (dung nhu each dien dat cua nha trilt hgc Dure
noi tieng I. Kant); bdi Hi, trong NNPQ khdng the cd tinh trang mdt ca quan quyen lyc nha nude ndo dd "vira da bdng, vira thdi cdi" vi mdt
khi da Id NNPQ dich thuc thi dieu kipn dau lien va tien quyit Id khdng
the cd bdt ky nwt ca quan, to chik, nfmn ngudi hade cd nhdn ngudi CO ehite vu ndo cd thi dieng tren, dieng ngodi phdp ludt hay dugc phep lu cho minh cd "quyin lyc cao nhal", "quyin giam sat tdi cao" hodc tu
quy djnh cho minh bat ky thdm quyen nao.
4. Nguyen nhan ciia thuc trang neu tren d Vict Nam. Vdn de nay da duuc Ddng chi ra tai Dai hdi VII ngay tir ban mdt thap ky trudc day; ngodi ra,
trong Mue B "Hgn chi, khuyit eliein" thudc Phdn 1 "Kiim diim 5 ndm thuc
hie^n Nghi quyit Dgi hdi X; 20 ndm thuc hi^n Cuang ITnh ndm 1991" ciia Du
thao Bdo cdo Chinh trj ciia BCHTW trinh Dai hdi lan thu XI cua Dang da neu rd: "Quyen 1dm chii cua nhdn dan nhieu noi, tren nhieu ITnh vuc cdn bi vi
pham* . Xay dung NT^TPQ chuyen bien cdn cham, chua theo kjp yeu can; thii tyc hanh chinh cdn gay phien ha eho td chuc va cdng ddn; v.v..." vd ddng thdi
khdng djnh: "trite Hep vd quyet dinh nhdl vdn Id nguyen nhdn chii quan.
Cdng tac nghien cim ly ludn, tdng ket thyc tien nhin chung vdn chua ddp img yeu cdu. Nhdn thiic tren nhieu vdn de cy the cua cdng cudc ddi nicVi cdn han che, thieu thdng nhat" (•TL 1, tr.64). Han niia, trudc dd cae Nghi quyet so
48/NQ-TW ngay 24/5/2005 "Ve chien luac xdy dung vd hodn thien h^
thdng phdp lugl Viet Nam din ndm 2010, dinh hudng din ndm 2020" va
sd 49/TS'Q-TW ngdy 02/6/2005 "Ve chiin Lege cdi each tu phdp den ndm
2020" ciia Bd Chinh trj cung yeu cdu phdi "Ban hdnh kjp thdi, ddng bg
va td chire thye thi cae phap ludt, dieu udc qudc te ma Viet Nam Id thanh vien ve quyen con ngudi", "Xdy dyng va hoan thien phap ludt ve bdo dam quyen eon ngudi". Nhu vdy, cd rdt nhieu nguyen nhdn (cd klidch quan
va chii quan) trong viec cham triin khai trong thuc tiin boat ddng ciia nha
nude va ddi sdng xd hdi cdc ludn diem rdt tien bd vd ddn chii neu tren ve xay dung NNPQ va ca che phan quyet ve nhiing vi pham ma dudi ddy chiing ta cdn phdi thdng thdn chi ra mgt sd nguyen nhdn ca ban.
4.1. Mgt Id, ve mat tu duy ly ludn, do su yeu kem, sao rong ciia cdc
kien thirc ve Nha nude va phdp luat, cung nhu su ndng can hodc sy thieu hieu biet day du, toan dien va cd he thdng ddi vdi nhirng van de ly ludn
ve mgt NNPQ dich thue nen da ddn den sir bdo thu, tri tr$ trong viec cy
the hda cdc ludn diem rat tien bd va ddn chii da neu eiia Dai hgi X.
**' Toan bp ngi dung cua diem 4 thu^c §5 PhSn II Chuong ttiir nhSt n^y da dugc dang trong: