- AlfredRussel Wallace: Der Darwinismus Eine Darstellung der Lehre von der natiirlichen Zuchtwahl und einniger ihrer
a) Tinh h� thong:
- Thuong xuyen c�p nh�t m<)t danh m1:1c th�t tot nhung tac pham can dich ( tieu bieu cho moi thoi ky, moi tniong phai, moi tac gia ... ) ' roi kien tri theo duoi ke ho�ch ay m<)t each lau dai<n
.
- Djch sach chinh ban truoc, sach tham khao sau. Sach "nguon c<)i" truoc, sach "phai sinh" sau ( vi dl;l: djch Platon truoc Plotin, dich Kant truoc Fichte, djch Husserl, Heidegger truoc Sartre, Gadamer ... ) .
1 M&i day toi c6 n9p cho "Tu sach Tinh hoa Tri thuc th8 gi&i" va NXB Tri thuc do GS Chu Hao chu truang m9t danh ml,lc gqi y. NXB Tri thuc do GS Chu Hao chu truang m9t danh ml,lc gqi y.
TRO CHUYIN TRllT HOC • 199
b) Tinh giao khoa
- Sach triet hQC khong cW de "thuong thuc" hay "di dtiong tfnh tinh" 0 ndi thanh vang ma de cung nhau hQC tnioc da. Vi the, phai dich th�t ky, th�t trung thtjc, c6 chu thich va chu giai ky cang. ( Cac chu thich, chu giai chl nen lam nhi�m V\l giai thich, soi sang nhung cho kh6 hieu. Vi�c nh� dinh, phe phan nen danh cho nguoi dQC va nen lam cho khac). Luon uu tien nghi den doi tuqng d9c va SU dl;lng la gioi sinh vien va nguoi nghien cuu. Tranh tinh tr�g d9c ban dich con kh6 hdn d9c ... nguyen ban! C6 nhieu tac pham rat ken ch9n nguoi dQC Va thlnh thoang moi can den, vi the cung khong nen doi phai pho bien r¢ng rai hay c6 "tac d¢ng" thiet thtjc ngay. Nhung khi can den thi phai c6. Cac nen hQC thu�t hdn thua nhau la o cho d6.
c) Tinh khoa hQc
- Ban dich ra doi khong phai m9t Ian la xong ma c6 the dich di dich l4i nhieu Ian. Sau khoang 10, 20 nam, cac ban dich deu can chinh ly l4i cho phu hqp voi bien chuyen cua ngon ngu va thu�t ngu. Khuyen khich c6 nhieu ban djch khac nhau ve cung m9t tac pham de nguoi d9c ch9n h.ja, so sanh, dung ng� mat cong hay cho la thua.
- (j cac nuoc, nguoi djch thuong la nguoi da nghien cuu lau nam ve tac gia. Neu la t�p the dich gia, thi thuong la nh6m "tam giao", hieu nhau va hieu tac gia de ban dich c6 duqc s\i ch�t che, "nhat khi". Cho nao khong hieu hay chua hieu r6 thi cung cu n6i ra de nguoi d9c duqc biet, chang xau ho gi. N gay tac gia c6 khi con chang hieu duqc chinh minh nfia la!
200 + BUI YAN NAM SON
- Ban dich van chudng co the bang ho�c co khi "hay" hdn nguyen ban, th�m chi co "du dia" cho slj "sang t90" cua dich gia ( theo nh�n xet chu quan cua toi, co the lay vi dl;l: ban dich "Ty Ba Hanh" cua Phan Huy Vinh, ban dich "Truong h�n ca" cua Tan Da, m<)t hai ban dich cua Bui Giang ... ). Trong triet h9c, can dich dungva dich sao cho "co the d9c duqc" truoc da, vi nhu Kant n6i "trong lanh vljc nay, dieu nguy hiem khong phai la bi phan bac
ma la khong duqc hieu dung" (Phe phan Ly tinh thuan
tuy, Lai tva II, BXLIII), do do cac triet gia Ion thuong can nhac tung chu, tung y, dung voi cau "nhat t\]' thien kim" ma nguoi dich khong duqc phep Id la hay thieu tinh te. Do tinh nghiem m�t cua triet h9c, dich sai con t� hdn
la khong dich vi no co the de l9i nhung di h9i khon luong
ve sau. "Tin, d9t, nha" la ly tu6'ng cua vi�c dich; neu chua duqc ca ha, nen uu tien cho chu "tin".
- Som hinh thanh va hoan thi�n clan mot "quy uoc" chung, thong nhat ve ky thu�t dich va each trinh bay ban dich, xay d\l'ng tung buoc mot "kho" thu�t nguva du li�u, so9n "tu dien" thu�t ngfive tung tac gia, tung bQ mon ( vi dg: nh�n thac lu�n, d90 dac h9c, ... ) .
3. Xin hay "vc)i va mc)t each ch�m rai"!
- Tru nhfing b�c thien tai ve tu tu6'ng va dich thu�t, thtio'ng phai hQC vai chge nam Ve m9t hay vai ngo9i ngfi va tieng m� de ( ngoai kien thuc chuyen nganh) mo'i c6 the dich va chu giai sach triet h9c. May ai c6 dieu ki�n ay? Nen, tinh hinh cung th�t cap bach! So ngu6'i thu<)c chuyen nganh nay von da khong nhieu; song lau 6' nu'.oc ngoai thi "kem" tieng Vi�t; h9c chuyen nganh va ngo9i ngu 6' trong nuoc nam bay nam thi chua du, lam sao giai
TRO CHUY(N TRltt HOC • 201
quyet tinh tr�ng ay?
- Theo toi, chi c6 each h9c kinh nghi�m cu.a N gai Tran Huyen Trang la: dao t�o kieu "cuon chieu", to chuc dich theo mo hinh "kim tlj thap" bang m9t "cong ngh� c6 tinh day chuyen".
- L�p m9t "dien dan dich thu�t" thuong xuyen de trao doi, h9c hoi giup do Ian nhau.
- Trong boi canh m9t xa h9i thong tin va toan cau h6a ngay cang phat trien nhanh ch6ng va khong the dao nguqc, slj ttj giac va kha nang tlj to chuc cu.a gioi khoa h9c la quan tr9ng va can thiet nhat. Cac yeu to ngoai - khoa h9c cung can nhung khong va khong nen de tro thanh yeu to quyet dinh. Vi�c hinh thanh moi day cu.a "Tu sach Tinh hoa Tri thuc the gioi" la m9t dau hi�u tot theo huong d6.
T 6m l<;1i, xay nha thi khong the xay tu n6c; nhung cai nen tat nhien cung chua phai la ngoi nha. Cong vi�c xay nen la cong vi�c "kho sai" am tham, n�ng nh9c, khong thu vi bang cong do<;1n ... trang tri n9i that. Nhung, d6 la khau can hdn het den tai ngh� va ludng tam cu.a kien true SU va ky SU xay dljng. V oi S\l giam sat nghiem khac nhung co vien kien cu.a cac tong cong trinh SU. V ai troi som c6 duqc nhung con nguoi do!
Vai y kien nom na va thanh th�t xin dong gop vao dien dan chung.
202 • BUI YAN NAM �ON
CAu cttUYEN DICH THUAT: . . .