xuitt khau
De trvc tier, do luOng, danh gia da clang h6a mat hang xuAt khAu theo chieu sau, ngugi ta thuOng dua tren cac chi tieu do lugng mix dO the bien cim cac mat hang xuAt khdu. Chi s6 thugng dugc sir dung la tS7trgng nhOm san phAm the bien trong tong kim ngach xuAt khAu, hoac tS7 trgng xuAt khAu san phAm CO ham lugng cong nghe cao
(1.13)
trong tong kim ngach xuat khAu. Neu tST tr9ng nay cao, chirng to qu6c gia do có xu twang chuy'en dich sang phat trien cac san phAm the bien, va cac san phAm co ham lugng cong nghe cao. Hay not cach khac, cac mat hang xuAt khAu c6 su da clang theo chieu sau. [88], [92], [101] [112], [145].
Mot each khac de phan tich mdc de the bien cua cac san phAm xuAt khAu la dip tren chi s6 do lugng mire de phirc tap cua mat hang xuAt khAu (export sophistication). Muc d6 phirc tap dia mat hang xuAt khau la khai niem dugc Hausmann, Hwang, Rodrik de xuAt trong nhang nam gAy day vai hai chi s6 co ban la (i) chi s6 PRODY do lu?mg muc el() phirc tap dm mgt hoac mot nhom mat hang xuAt khAu; (ii) chi s6 EXPY do lugng muc do phirc tap hay nang suit da ca r6 hang hoa xuAt khAu cua mgt qu6c gia. Theo Hausmann, Hwang, Rodrik (2005) mirc d6 pink tap oh hang h6a xuAt khAu dugc tinh Wang cong thirc sau:
PRODYk =
L
(x jk /X .) * y (1.17)jX jk /X j j
Trong do: PRODYk la chi s6 mirc do phirc tap (chdt lugng) cua san phAm xuat khAu thir k.
-xjk/Xj: tSi trong xuAt khAu san phAm k cua nugc j tren tong xuAt khAu cua nuac j(th6 hien vai tro hay tam quan tr9ng cua san phAm k trong tong xuat khAu cua nuac j)
-L(xjk/Xj): la tong tST trong xuat khAu san phAm k cua tap hap cac nugc xuat khAu san phAm j (the hien vai trO cua san phAm k trong xuat khAu cua nugc j co so sanh voi tat ca cac nugc khac ding xuAt khAu san pham k) -Yj: thu nhap binh quan dAu ngued cua nage j.
De xac dinh mirc dq phirc tap (chAt lugng) cua r6 mat hang xuAt khAu cua mgt qu6c gia, Hausmann, Hwang, Rodrik da xay dung chi s6 EXPY. Chi s6 nay dugc xac dinh nhu sau:
EXPYj = PRODYk (1.18)
k X;
Mpc dich cua cac chi s6 PRODY va EXPY la do lugng mdc de phirc tap oh cac mat hang xuat khAu. Tinh phirc tap cua san phAm la su ke't hgp nhieu y'eu to nhu: cong nghe cao, yeu cAu ky nang de xu 13'T cong nghe hieu qua, to chic chu8i gia tri, ca so ha tang ...Do do, cac chi s6 nay khong don thuAn chi phan anh su gia tang ve ham lugng cong nghe, mire do tham dung ky nang trong cac san phAm xuAt khAu, ma con bao g6m ca su gia tang chAt lugng cua cac yeti to khac nhu: marketing, kho van, su thuan
tien ve co so' ha tang, thong tin, chu6i gia tri san pham, chinh sach... Hay not cach khac, do chinh Id su gia tang nang suat nhan to tong hop (TFP) cua cac mat hang xuat khau. [90], [105].
Nhu vay, ye ban chat cac chi tieu tren do luting true tiep su thay d'6i co cat' san pham xuat khau tix tho, so the sang san pham c6 ham luting cong nghe, gia tri gia tang cao hon. Do do cac chi tieu nay hfru hi'eu khi xem xet su thay d6i cau truc mo hinh xuAt khau hon Id the hien su da clang hoa mat hang xuat khAu thong qua nhang thay d6i trong thanh phAn cua r6 mat hang xuat khau. Hay not cach khac, chi tieu nay it nh'an manh den su da clang h6a mat hang xuat khau, ma thay vao do no phan anh su thay d6i cau triic mo hinh xuat khau. Trong cac throng hop nhu vay, de do luting da Bang h6a mat hang xuat khau, ngugi to thugng sir dung ket hop vai mot s6 chi tieu khac nhu: su thay d6i s6 luong chung 14 mat hang, cac chi s6 tap trung hoa, chi so Theil Etropy...
