Gia tr1 sang tqo chCr viet Hangul va vai tro cua no trong phBt tri€n van hoa, giao dvc Htm Qu6c
(alphabetic) hay con g9i Ia "win t¥ ABC" 3 nhu chfr viet thu¢c h¢ La tinh. Tuy nhien, day chi la ba lo~i hlnh ca bi'm dtrQ'c xem nhu ba nguyen t~c sang t~o chfr viet n6i chung. Nguai ta c6 th€ tlm thay m¢t trong so chung a bat ky h¢ th6ng chfr viet nao hi~n dang t6n t~i. Thl;l'c te Ia da c6 nhfrng h~ thong chfr viet duQ'c hlnh th~mh tren ca s& ket hqp hai trong ba nguyen t~c tren, nguoi ta g9i d6 la nhfrng h¢ thong h6n hqp (complex system) va chfr viet Hangul Ia m¢t vi d1:1 di€n hlnh cua h~ thong nay.
Bang phan lo~i chfr viet chung toi se gi6'i thi~u duoi day du9c tham khao rir "Bach khoa thzt ngon ngit va ngon ngit h9c" cua Asher, m¢t tir di€n
bach khoa chuyen nganh v&n duqc gioi ngon ngfr h9c toan the gioi ch9n dung. Theo Sl}' phan lo~i nay, chfr viet tren the gioi dUQ'C chia thanh 6 lo~i trong do 3 lo~i dau a 3 lo~i ca ban - theo 3 nguyen t~c sang t~o nhu da n6i, 3 lo~i sau la
3 lo~i h6n hqp trong d6 nguyen t~c ghi am dUQ'c xem la nguyen tftc quan trc;mg
nhat. Vl di~u nay rna nguoi ta v&n xem cac lo~i chii' viet nhu chii' Hangul (lo~i ?
6), chu Pali Sanskrit (lo~i 4 ), chfr A r~p (lo~i 5) thu¢c lo~i chfr ghi am trong khi ch~ng h~ & chfr Hangul," nhfrng am ca ban (5 ph1:1 am va 3 nguyen am) l~i dUQ'C cau t~o theo nguyen t~C tuqng hlnh (se d~ c~p chi tiet han a phan sau). Chting toi xin d&n nguyen goc d€ ti¢n doi chieu:
Type of What each
Example writing system symbol represents
LogograQhic momheme Chinese hanzi
Syllabic syllable Japanese kana
AlQhabetic Qhoneme (consonant or vowel) Latin alQhabet Abugida phoneme (consonant+ vowel) Indian Devaniigarz
Abjad phoneme (consonant) Arabic alQhabet
Featural phonetic feature Korean hangul