A-Jig Se-un 6H g cH Hae-undae
1.3.T~'t vay mur; n( Qjc/101):
Tu vay muqn Ia nhfrng tu duqc du nh~p tu cac nuoc khac va duqc ghi l';ti bang chfr Hangul nhung vl duqc cam nh~n r6 r¢t nhu tu tieng Han nen khong
Creative value of Hangul script and its role in the development of Korean culture and education
Vid~:
0~ 0 I A .3. ~ [ aiseukheurim](kem) t.!~[sinmun] (to bao)
* Dij.c dilm cua til vay mw;m:
H-1 A [boeseu](xebuyt) ~ [pang] (banh ml)
7~. C6 m~t trong tir di~n tieng Han (~O~A~~).
L~. So v6i tir nuac ngoai muc dQ duqc cam nh~n nhu ttr thuan Han m~nh han.
C~. Tir chii' Han (ErX~O~) cling thu¢c tir vay muqn.
2.~. Truang hgp tir chii' Han dugc cam nh~ nhu la ttr thuiln Han nhung trong truemg hgp c6 chii' thuan H~m d~ va hay thl nen co g~ng srr d~ng.
2. Ly do dung tir vay muqn:
2.1. Do khong c6 tu thuci'n Hem diln dcp khai ni¢m nao d6:
Trong tieng H~m khong c6 tu thuan Han d~ chi m(>t so khru ni~m, vi nhu "71lil" [khoephi] (dt phe). Trong khi giao tiep ngum ta can truyen d~t y nao d6 rna tieng Han l~i khong c6 tu d~ di~n d~t nen phru muqn tu cua mr6c khac ghi am l~i bang chu Hangul va sir d~ng.
2 .2. Do da so' tit chuyen m6n de'u /a tu vay muc;n.
Lido nguai Han thuang sir dvng tu vay muqn khi n6i la vl phan 16n 1lr chuyen mon deu la tir vay muqn tir cac nu6c khac. Chfnh vl the khi n6i chuy~n
ve rmh V\l'C quan tam thl m(>t each 1\l nhien nguai ta Slr d~ng nhii'ng tU chuyen dvng duqc sir d~ng c6 tinh chuyen mon trong linh V\!C d6. Va vl tieng Anh la chu mang nghia nen ciing c6 nhieu truemg hgp ngum nghe c6 th~ d~ dang hi~u duqc.
2.3. Do bj co' hiiu hoa danh tit( ..I!.ff g'1A.f~)
Doi khi c6 truang hgp sau khi tu vay muqn du nh~p vao va dl}'O'c sir
Gia tn sang tf;lo chfr viet Hangul va vai tr6 cua n6 trong phat tridn van hoa, giao dl,lc Han Qu6c Vf dlf: l:::l-1 A[boeseu](xe buyt); @I:::IH[dambae](thuochi); '2J E~?!! [inthoenet](internet); ~ ii!.[hakkyo](tnrO'ng h9c)
2.4. Do tit vay mu(/n dur;c ghi lc;i bang chit Hangul se dl nh6'.
Truang hqp (J Vi¢t Nam chung ta sl:r d\}ng chfr Han cua Trung Quoc hay
chfr bien hmh tir chfr Han ( chfi' Nom) nhung vl qua kh6 nen sau khi duqc
chuy~n thanh chfi' Latinh thl ti 1¢ mil chfr cua nguoi dan giam di r6 r¢t. Han Quoc cling v~y, sau khi chfr Hangul duqc t~o ra so nguOi Him biet chfr tang len nhanh chong va hi¢n nay ti 1¢ mu chfi' cua Han Quoc la 0%.
Chfr Hangul khong ghi am duqc chfr "Z" nhung van c6 nhi~u kha nang
kh~c phvc duqc h~n che d6. Giong nhu b chau Au d~ ghi nhfi'ng phat am chi
c6 trong m<)t nu&c nguoi ta da t~o ra m<)t vai kf 11! m&i thl cling c6 th~ ghi am m<)t each don gian chfr "Z" bang chfr Hangul. Ngoai ra neu su d\}ng ca chfr Hangul c6 da bien mat thl con c6 kha nang ghi am duqc nhi~u phat am hem.
Giong nhu vi¢c dung chfr Hangul d~ ghi l~i chfr Han ngay xua, hi¢n nay nguoi Him cling dung chfr Hangul d~ ghi l~i tir cua cac tieng nu&c khac. Vi¢c ghi l~i b~ng chfr Hangul nhu the nay nham giup nguoi dan d~ nh~n biet cling
nhu de ghi nh& nhfrng tu m&i du nh~p, d6ng thai g6p phin bao v¢ slJ tnrang t6n cua chfr Hangul.
2.5. Do ngay nay la thai ki toan cau hoa.
Neu n6i ngay xua, thl d6 la thai kl song khong can vuqt ra khoi lang
cua chfnh mlnh nen khong can su d\}ng nhi~u tir vay muqn va ciing vl the rna da khong th~ dim nh~ duqc tfnh can thiet cua n6. Nhung n6i v~ xa h<?i bay (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
gia, chi can b~t ti vi la c6 th~ n~m b~t duqc rat nhi~u thong tin tir phim truy~n
hlnh nu&c ngoai, thai sv nu&c ngoai den th~ thao nu&c ngoai va cling c6 th~
thu nh~n duqc nhi~u thong tin hem tu internet. Nhiing thong tin c~p nh~t duqc
truy~n tai qua cac phuong ti¢n hi¢n d~i nay thuang duqc di~n d~t b~ng cac tir
mai (chu yeu 18. tu vay muqn tir tieng Anh). Chinh vl the d~ nh~ biet duqc thong tin trong xa h<)i toan cau hoa nhu the nay thl can thiet phai biet den tir vay muqn.
Creative value of Hangul script and its role in the development of Korean culture and education
2.6. Do du{JC dung nhie'u tren cac ap phich qudng cao.
Ly do tir vay muqn duqc Slr dvng nhi~u tren cac bien qu{mg cao vi cam giac ngon ngii' va thiet ke kieu chii' ciia n6 dyp hO'n. Du d~u Ia tir c6 cling y
nghia nhung n6 ti;J.O dU<JC cam giac ngon ngfr thich thu hO'n k.hi Slr d1;1ng tir thum Han.
2.7. Do tinh hilm va mm lq cua tuvay mur;m.
Sau thai kl Quang Ph1;1c van boa cac nu6'c phat trien tran vao Han Quoc. NguOi Han song trong khong gian van hoa rat li;ic h~u h1c d6 nhln thay nhfrng
h~mg hoa m6'i li;i thl cam than ho~c them muon. Hi¢n nay xu huang d6 van con. Va nguOi ta vi'ra su d1;1ng tieng Han de keu g9i s\f cliu trq vl:ra thich thu su d1;1ng
tu m6'i cua cac nu6'c phat trien c6 so luqng it trong rat nhieu tir tieng Han.
3. Phan lo~i:
3.1. Titvay mu{Jn tit chit Han ( tlXfOI):
Chfr Han tir lau da duqc du nh~p vao Han Quoc, da ttrng Ia ngon ngu van tt;r chfuh trong m¢t thai gian dai a Han Qu6c. Ngay nay chu Han van duqc
giao d\}C a tnrang h9c cac cap, van X~t hi¢n tren bao chi, trong cac tac phftm, cac cong trlnh nghien CUu khoa h9C ... Trong dOi song hang ngay chfr Han duqc bi~u
hi¢n dum di;lllg ki n;r bang chfr Hangul va duqc g9i la tir vay muqn tir tieng Han. C6 the thay theo qua trlnh lich su lau dai, tieng Han a Han Qu6c, dm dm da chi em luqng tir Ian hO'Il so vm tieng Han thuan. Ccic tu Han du nh~p vao va duqc Slr d~g trong tieng Han khong duqc d9C theo am tieng Trung von c6
ciia n6 rna theo am tieng Han, tuan theo cac nguyen tac ngfr am tieng Han. Cac tir vay muqn tir tieng Han nay vl v~y c6 nhrrng d~c diem rieng va c6 th~
duqc g9i la tir Han-Han.
Vi d1;1: 7~~[gajoeng](gia dinh); ~7~ [gukka](qu6c gia)
Tu vay muqn tu tieng Han c6 kha nang ket hqp v6'i tir thuan Han de ti;iO
nen cac tir m6'i, c6 kha nang sinh san trong Iinh VlJc cau ti;io tir. Vf d1;1: cH cH~ [daedaero] (doi nay sang doi khac); -~P,Jl·%~C~ [gongbuhada] (h9c t~p). SO di
Gia trt sang t?o chfr viet Hangul va vai tr6 cua n6 trong phat tri~n van hoa, giao dye Han Quae
trong llnh V\!C CaU t~O tir kh6ng g~p nhieu h~n che Ve m~t hinh th£li, kh6ng CO St;(
ph\} thu(>c vao SIJ chllp dfnh than ttr, du6i ttr khi can bi6u thj nhfrng khai ni~m
phuc hgp nhu hlnh vi tieng Han (a cap d¢ ngfr hay m~nh de). Do c6 tinh d¢c l~p
cao, m6i hinh vj tieng Han 1~ co vj tri phan ba kha tV do, c6 the dilng ca truac
ho~c sau a m¢t cau true tu ghep. Dong thai a tu vay muqn tu tieng Han, hinh vi CO y nghia kha C\} the Va mang tfuh dcm tiet nen rat ti~n cho Vi~C hlnh tharm cac
ti:r n6i tilt. Vi d1;1: cHE!"~~ [deahanminguk] (D~i H~m Dan Quae ); E!"~ (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
[hanguk] (Han Quae).
Tu vay muqn til tieng Han da duqc dong hoa vm tieng Han, duqc sir
d\}ng hoa tr¢n trong tieng Han ve m~t ngfr am, ngfr phap. Tuy nhien n6 ciing
phan anh tr~t tlJ tu cua tieng Trung (SVO) dang duqc giii' nguyen trong linh
V\!C cau t~o til. Ch~ng h~n cac tu vay muqn tu tieng Han nhu: :3 H- [deungsan]
(leo mii), oH~ [aeguk] (ai quae) v~ the hi~n y nghia thea tr~t tv b6 ngfr, vt
ngii' la "leo mii", "yeu nuac".
3.2. Tit vay muqn tit tilng NhtJ,t ( ~~.!2/EI/01):
C6 th~ thay duqc thai d¢ nhan giong tieng Nh~t khi sir d1;1ng tieng Han
cua nguai Han. Ciing c6 quan di~m chung bat nguon til truang h9c la khuyen
khich khong dung tU vay muqn til tieng Nh~t nhung trong cu¢c song th\fc te
tre em hay nguoi 1&1 deu thich su d\lllg nhii'ng tir vay muqn ttr tieng Nh~t.
Khong the giai thich H do sir d1;1ng tu vay muqn tu tieng Nh~t chi la do
tan du cua che d¢ Nh~t. Bm vl ca nhfrng dua tre a thai hi~n d~i ciing thich
dung nhfrng ti:r vay muqn tu tieng Nh~t vl n6i hay nghe theo am tieng Nh~t deu rat hay.
Vi d'\}: 5HIHI7~[mompega] thay cho tir
l::lr:;t;:PS,f"~~ [bajijakoepbok] (quan bao h¢lao d¢ng)
AIC~I::l~217Hsidabariga] thay cho til ~~[soju](ruqu so chu)
Creative value of Hangul script and its role in the development of Korean culture and education
Vi~c tit vay muqn tieng Nh~t vuqt qua thai d~i va con l~i nhu the nay
la m¢t thlJc te khong lien quan gl tai sach giao khoa b truang h<;>c. Nguoi Han h<;>c tu vay muqn tit tieng Nh~t giong nhtr Ia t¢i ph~m nhung van khong th€ nhan chlm ham muon dung tit vay muqn tir tieng Nh~t ciia h<;>. Va vl v~y
trong cac nguyen nhfm sir d\}ng tit vay muqn tit tieng Nh~t khong c6 li do nao xac dang han If do nay.
Ai ciing biet tieng Nh~t c6 am tieng Nh~t va am tieng Han. Khi h<;>c tieng Nh~t. nguoi ta n6i rfulg n6 kh6 vl c6 chu Han nhung ciing c6 nghia Ia h<;> ciing ton tr<;>ng tieng thum Nh~t ciia h<;> nhu the. SCI di v~y c6 Ie vl Nh~t Ban khong chiu anb huang !flJC tiep tir Trung Quoc va vl hQ da c6 th€ bao v~ duqc tieng noi ciia h<;>. Vl trong tieng Nh~t chua tr<;>ng am da d~g nen co nhi~u tu
phat am rat hay. C6 le do ciing la lido tit vay muqn tlr tieng Nh~t van duqc sir dt.mg b Han Quoc hi~n nay.
3.3. Tit vay muqn tit tieng Anh ( g,=lof.!2/i!I/O-/)
Ban dfiu tU co goc tieng Anh duqc du nh~p vao Han Qu6c thong qua
Nh~t Ban vao thm kl Nh~t chiem dong va vi v~y ciing duqc phat am theo am
cua tieng Nh~t. Tiep den la thm ld quan d¢i My dong quan b Han Qu6c, nhfrng
tu co goc tieng Anh duqc ghi am bAng chu Hangul va sir d1:1ng trong dan chung. Va thm dC;li hi~n nay Ia thm kl toan cAu boa rna tieng Anh lC;li la ngon ngii' toan cfiu nen luqng tit vay muqn co goc tieng Anh van tang len hang nam.
Vi' dt;t: D~~6[mauseu](con chu¢t); (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
c~ 0 I 01 E [ daioetheu ](slJ an kieng)~
~Gil 0 I E [lummeitheu ](b~n cung phong); A-I I:::J I A [ soebiseu] ( SlJ ph \lC V1:l)
3.4. Tit vay muqn tit cac thit tieng khac:
Tieng Han con c6 m¢t Iuqng nho ti:r vay muqn tu cac thu tieng khac nhu
tu tieng Due, tieng Phap, tieng B6 Dao Nha ...
Vi' dl).: ~[ppang](banh mi){pao: tieng B6 Dao Nha}
Gia trt sang tC)o cher viet Hangul va vai tro cua n6 trong phat tridn van hoa, giao d1.,1c Han Qu6c
tl r ~A [bakhangseu ](kl nghi) { vacance: tieng Phap}
Oriir E [aphatheu](can he) chung cu){ ttl vay mugu ttl tieng Due}
Ket qua di~u tra lugug ttr m6'i ( tJ 01) duqc su d\}ng tren song phat thanh va bao chi nam v\ra qua (nam 2005) la 408 til. Trong so nhfrng tu moi nay ttr vay mm;m tu tieng Anh chiem ti tn;mg tuy¢t d6i tm 89%. Tiep theo d6la tir vay mugu tir tieng Italia nhu "t.!IIr 7rj:;:l" ( t.!§+paparazzi) [sinpharachi] (thq san anh) chiem 4.8%. Tir vay mugu tu tieng Nh~t chi co 2 tit "7~I~DiLI~" [geimmoenikkang] va "=fl~~"[khuphonkkang].
4. Cach ghi am tir vay muqn bang chfr Hangul (.Q.I2.H01 3!.71~):
4.1. Co sa ghi am tit vay mztr;n:
Sau day la quy djnh each ghi am tir vay muqn d1fa tren cCJ so t~p hqp vf dlf minh ho~ va di~u lu~t cua ch:fnh phii.
- Di~u 11, di~u lu~t so 85 Be) Van boa giao dl;lc ban hanh (1. 7 .1986). - Di~u 31, di~u lu~t nam 1992 B9 Van hoa ban hanh (27.11.1982). - Di~u 8, di~u lu~t nam 1995 B¢ Van hoa th~ chat ban hanh (16 .3 .1995). - Tai li¢u hi¢u dfnh 2-2: vf dl;l minh ho~ ghi am tit vay mugu (ten dja
danh, ten nguoi).
-T~p hgp vf d1,1 minh ho~ ghi am tir vay muqn: tir dung hang ngay. Vi~n nghien cliu tieng Han (1988).
- T~p hqp nhfrng vf dlf minh ho~ ghi am tir vay muqn: ten dia danh cac qu~n ngo~i 6 va ten nguoi. Vi¢n nghien cliu ngon ngu qu6c gia( 1995). qu~n ngo~i 6 va ten nguoi. Vi¢n nghien cliu ngon ngu qu6c gia( 1995).
- Tuy~n ~p vf dl;l minh ho~ ghi am ttr vay muqn m6'i nhat xuat ban a
Hi¢p h¢i bien t~p Han qu6c rna c6 th~ tim thay vi dlf c6 ph~ vi r¢ng 16'n nhat.
4.2. Uu diem cua each ghi am tuvay mur;n:
D6 chfnh la kl nang va m\}C dfch cua each ghi am tit vay muqn.
Cach ghi am tu vay mugu c6 m~c dfch truoc tien nh~m chinh li va thong nhat nhfrng tu vay muqn duqc du nh~p vao va doi ph6 mC)t each hi~u qua voi nhfrng tu vay muqn m6i duqc du nh~p.
Creative value of Hangul script and its role in the development of Korean culture and education
Vi¢c chinh li va th6ng nhat tit vay mugn hi¢n h~mh duqc hieu m¢t each d~ dang va trong each ghi am ti'r vay rnuqn, tuy thu¢c vao quy lu~t nhat d!nh va am vJ tUO'Ilg Ung v(ri phtt<mg phap ghi am rna quy tac dUQ'C d\{a tren CCI SO
tuang ll'ng voi m¢t ph\1 am tieng Han. Theo d6 ca trong truemg hqp tu vay muqn mm duqc du nh~p vao, vl khong duqc cung ton t~i nhi~u kieu ghi am va phat am rna m¢t ki~u ghi am va phat am dan nhat ton t~i nen Cach ghi am ti'r vay muqn c6 vai tro ngan ch~n sv h6n lo<P. cua tu vay muqn mm duqc du nh~p.
4.3. Nhuqc dilm cua each ghi am tuvay muqn:
each ghi am tu vay mugn vi khong chi tuan theo am vj va quy Hie cua h¢ th6ng am vj tieng Han m¢t each co ban rna con vl tfnh can thiet phai thong nhat each ghi am d\{a tren m¢t quy lu~t don gian c6 tfnh so sanh nen bat chap nguyen uic co ban phai tuan theo am hi~n hanh (~X 12;) thi cling khong the tranh duqc vi~c nhin thay nhi~u tit khong c6 am hi~n hanh. Theo d6 trong rn¢t so tac phfun van hQc lien quan toi m¢t so quoc gia (vi dl;l nhu Phap hay Tay Ban Nha ... ) c6 truemg hqp ghi am rna khong tuan theo each ghi am tu vay muqn hi¢n hanh va d6 Ia tinh d~c trung c6 the t~m chap nh~. Trong nguyen tac danh gia a pharr chu giai d~t ra quy djnh "Danh gi<i ti'rng tit vay mugn" nen c6 th~ nhin thcz'y d6 Ia m¢t h¢ tht)ng each ghi am tit vay mttqn c6 tfnh mo.
4.4. Nguyen t&c co bdn ctia each ghi am tuvay muqn: c6 5 diem sau. Ghi am tu vay muqn chi bang 24 nguyen am, ph~ am hi¢n dung cua tieng Han.
M¢t am vi cua tit vay muqn duqc ghi theo nguyen tac bang m¢t ki tv. Chi sir d~ng ph\} am cuoi "-, I L I c I 2 I 0 ' 1::1 I A I 0 ".
Khi ghi am am b~t hoi phai tuan theo quy tac khong sir d~ng am cang. Tu vay muqn phai tuan theo each dung thong d\Ulg, ph~ vi va vi dl;l minh ho~ duqc sap xep rieng bi~t. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
Gia tn sang tt;Jo chfr viet Hangul va vai tro cria n6 trong phat trien van hoa, giao dvc Han Qu6c
Til g&: Phat am thong dlJng Cach ghi iim chudn
( f:fOI) (e!§~Ufg) ( if 2i.lf l!f)
Cream =?-21-T .3.~
Drum £C.~ !f. c~
Badge ~XI l::lHXI
Rotary ~E}-21 ~E-~21
Custard 7~-"E~I2.~ 71-"E~C.~
Tren day la nhfrng tir vay muqn duqc du nh~p vao thong qua Nh~t Blm. Nhfrng tlr tren do ap d\}ng tfch CJ!C quy tfic ( 4.40): m¢t am vt tuong ling v6i m¢t kf tt;r nen n6 khoi phvc dung phat am goc va lo~i tru duqc phat am theo ki~u tieng Nh~t.
Du6i day la m¢t vai vf d\1 ghi am tu vay muqn tu tieng Anh b~ng chfr
Hangul. N6 tuan theo chu~n cua quy tfic (4.40) Nhfrng tu trong ngo~c don la vi
d\1 minh ho~ phat am U:r vay muqn khong dung.
lobster £1:::1AE~ (~-"~x) thrill - 2 A 21 (C~x)
m1rage DI2~XI (DI2l-~lx)
bridge 1:::12I"AI (1::::1 ~"Aix) hitchhike o I ;t I -5}-o 1.3. (~xi"5}-0I.3.x)
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Creative value of Hangul script and its role in the development of Korean culture and education
Ban thong cao "Tit m6i nam 2005, m6i duqc cong bo da dang t::li thong tin luqng tu Vl!IJ.g m6i nam 2004 la 344 tir, nam 2003 la 341 tit, nam 2002 Ia
187 tit, nam 1995 Ia 1339 tir. Nhu v~y t6ng s6 tU vt;rng mm la 2169 tu. Trang
d6 ki€u tit m6i tuan theo tu g6c ( t]O~) nhieu nha:t la chit Han chiem tm 38.5%. Tiep den Ht tit ket hqp chit Han va chit d~c trung (.:il~O~) chiem 20.1 %, tit ket