... my Ph.D and life Professor Chung has always been positive, and he gave me many opportunities, supported and encouraged me in bad times And that was how I was touched by his sincerity and patience, ... cell and nucleus and bind to PPARγ with Kd around 40 nM (Lehmann et al., 1995) When liganded, this causes a conformational change of PPARγ and its heterodimer partner, retinoid X receptor (RXR) and ... encompasses chemical labelling and label-free mass-spectrometry-based proteomics and (iii) and protein-chipbased arrays There are advantages and disadvantages to both platforms and they are listed in...
... of subcutaneous white fat from young (A and B) and adult (C and D) control (A and C) and transgenic (B and D) mice (A) The depot is composed of unilocular and multilocular adipocytes Only multilocular ... biogenesis has been also explored both in the transgenic mice and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiated in cell culture MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals and tissues Control C57BL/6J male mice and ... depletes adipocyte fat while upregulating UCP1, UCP2, and genes for enzymes of fatty acid oxidation On the other hand, genes for lipogenic enzymes, aP2, and the transcription factor PPARc were downregulated...
... mEH gene deficiency and CHO (100mg/kg, i.p.) on the Y-maze performance (A) and novel object recognition performance (B after Aβ (1-42) infusion .21 Fig Effects of mEH gene deficiency and ... finding-, and drinking-latency, respectively], mEH (-/-)- [p
... associated with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis by local gene delivery Other workers and ourselves have previously examined the effects of TGF-β1 gene transfer on matrix synthesis in ... muscle, including stimulation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) release and nitric oxide synthesis, and enhancement of fibrogenesis and muscle edema These results suggest that, although TGF-β1 may have ... (B), (F), (J), and (N) High magnification (400 ×) images of (A), (E), (I), and (M) (100 ×), respectively (D), (H), (L), and (P) High magnification (400 ×) images of (C), (G), (K), and (O) (100...
... bend DNA sharply and regulate gene expression (Travers, 2003) In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Nhp6p is encoded by two highly homologous genes, NHP6A and NHP6B Nhp6ap and Nhp6bp are 92- and 98-residue ... promote assembly of specialized recombination complexes (Paull et al., 1993; Segall et al., 1994; Lavoie and Chaconas, 1994) and facilitate nucleosome assemblyand disassembly in vitro (Bonne-andrea ... acetylation and methylation, serine phosphorylation and arginine methylation, play major regulatory roles in many genetic events such as transcriptional activation and elongation, silencing and epigenetic...
... and target gene expression MLLs are critical for HOX gene regulation and embryonic development Homeobox genes are a group of evolutionarily conserved genes that encode transcription factors and ... regulators of HOX genes, which are key players in embryogenesis and development Because of their importance in gene regulation and disease, MLLs have been isolated from human cells and their protein–protein ... epigenetic regulators of diverse gene types associated with cell-cycle regulation, embryogenesis and development MLLs also interact with nuclear receptors (NR) and coordinate hormone-dependent gene...
... conditions and reagent concentrations were:100pmole of each primer,2.5 units of Taq.DNA polymerase,1X PCR buffer(10mM Tris – HCL, pH 9.0, 50 mM KCL and 1.5 mM MgCl2), 150 mM of each dNTP and50 ng ... was to amplify the b-lg gene locus and to find out polymorphism at b-lg gene locus by using RFLP in Murrah buffaloes sodium chloride was added, vortexed and spun down at 500 0 rpm for 15 at room ... Meignanalakshmi and Mahalinga Nainar genotyping beta-lactoglobulin in Sahiwal and Tharparkar catte breeds Milk protein genes might be useful as genetic marker and is a promising alternative...
... of fatty acid genes; UCP3; the cardiac-enriched GLUT4; and PDK-4, an indirect inhibitor of glucose oxidation Gene expression was normalized to 18S rRNA Mitochondrial isolation and respiration ... various cardiac metabolic genes Here, myocardial PPARa gene expression was reduced in females at baseline (P < 0.001 versus male controls) (Fig 2A) In parallel, expression of the genes encoding muscle-type ... palmitoyltransferase (mCPT1) and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) (both PPARa target genes) was A B C D Fig Immunohistochemical analysis of phospho-Akt in male and female control (db ⁄...
... conditions: at 50 °C and 10 at 95 °C, followed by a total of 40 twotemperature cycles (15 s at 95 °C and at 60 °C) For the generation of standard curves, serial dilutions of a cDNA sample were used and ... annealed: g50 (5¢-TATTAATCTGACTGTAGATATAT ATATATTACCTCCTTAGTAATGC-3¢) and random- ized control g50c (5¢-TTGATAGTTATCTATTACAG TCTTCTTAGATTGAAACAA-3¢), g177 (5¢-CATACAA ACATAATAAGATGTAAATGG-3¢) and control ... and mitochondrial lipid metabolism, chemical energy production and thermal energy generation in mammalian tissue which will further the understanding of the role of iPLA2s in energy storage and...
... (SPase) The various type I SPases from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria show clear differences concerning gene size, gene copy number and substrate specificity, despite the substantial sequence ... 26–54) 816.2 (+ 4) and 850. 2 (+ 4) represent the unmodified and the sulfonated peptide, respectively Two additional, fourfold charged peptides with m ⁄ z ¼ 855.67 (rmm: 3418.7) and with m ⁄ z ¼ ... cell culture flasks ( 150 cm2, 100 mL modified Hayflick medium) were collected, washed twice with phosphate buffer and the pellet suspended in mL lysis buffer (500 mm NaCl, 50 mm Tris ⁄ HCl pH 7.5,...
... AD- and BD- constructs and were grown until D600 Each culture (1 mL) was transferred to a microcentrifuge tube and centrifuged for s The yeast pellet was dissolved in 100 lL of Z buffer and ... in ice, and the samples were subjected to 15% SDS/PAGE The gels were dried and autoradiographed A total of 100 hand-dissected pairs of testes were homogenized in the buffer containing 50 mM Tris/HCl, ... in both AD- and BD-vectors To assay interactions, different combinations of AD- and BDconstructs were cotransformed into SFY526 and HF7c yeast strains carrying lacZ or HIS3 reporter genes, respectively,...
... the gene (a-RT1 and a-RT2; see Materials and methods) and an oligo(dT) primer With the combination of oligo(dT)/a-RT1 primers two 700 and 320 bp fragments were amplified both from embryos and ... proteins, and it contains a DNA binding domain conserved in two invertebrate developmental regulators, Erect Wing and P3A2 [17] Erect Wing is essential for the Drosophila myogenesis and neurogenesis ... singlestranded binding protein (mtSSB), and the catalytic (a) and accessory (b) subunits of the DNA polymerase c (Pol c) [24,25] Interestingly, the expression of the genes encoding mtSSB and Pol...
... C5a fragment (VVASQLRANISHKDMQLGR, SQLRANISHKDMQLGR, and VVASQLRANISH) and NH2-terminal segment of the C5a peptidase (QTPDEAAE ETI and AEETIADDANDL) were synthesized as C-terminal amides on a Gilson ... E280, 0.1% ¼ (5690 W + 1280Y + 120S-S)/M, where W, Y, and S-S represent the number of Trp and Tyr residues and disulfide bonds, respectively, and M represents the molecular mass [11,12] Molecular ... peptide and then plotted as a function of time The identity of peptides was determined by NH2-terminal sequence- and mass spectral analysis Treatment of the QTPDEAAEETI and AEETIADD ANDL synthetic...
... Differential effects of ligand-activated RARa and RXRa on the promoter activity of the hGnRH II gene in TE671 and JEG-3 cells In vivo effect of RARa and RXRa with their ligands, ATRA and 9-cisRA, on the ... the GnRH II gene TE671 JEG-3 ‡ ‡ ‡ No treatment Ligand-bound (RARαRXRα) dimer Fig Effects of ligand-activated RARa and RXRa on hGnRH II gene expression The effect of ligand-bound RARa and RXRa on ... regulation of the GnRH II gene 250 200 ♠ 150 * 100 * * cells, the application of both ATRA and 9-cisRA significantly down-regulated the promoter function to 61.8 ± 5.0% and 57.5 ± 3.3%, respectively...
... the WD gene are indicated in Fig The four MREs are located in the proximal region of the WD gene promoter between )434 and +114, with MREa and MREe in the forward orientation, and MREc and MREd ... and MREd on WD gene promoter activity Trinucleotide mutations were generated in the core sequence of each MRE (Fig 1) and these WD gene promoter variants were fused to a luciferase reporter gene ... buffer (7 M guanidine/ HCl, 50 mM Tris/HCl pH 8.0, 50 mM dithiothreitol, mM EDTA, and 0.25% nonfat milk) for h at room temperature and renatured by incubation in 50 mM Tris/HCl pH 7.5, 100 mM...
... that Arg67 and Arg91 are the ligands for fumarate binding The side chains of Arg91 and Arg67 form salt bridges with the carboxylate group of fumarate (Fig 1B) Site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic ... differences in Km,NAD and K0.5,Malate observed among the wild-type and E59 mutant enzymes, except for the E59D enzyme The Km,NAD and K0.5,Malate values of E59D were 2-fold and 4.4-fold higher, ... distribution of the wild-type and E59 mutants The sedimentation coefcients of 6.5 S and 9.0 S represented the dimer and tetramer, respectively, corresponding to molecular masses of 124 and 248 kDa The quaternary...
... 5Bb) and showed no difference between fermentable and nonfermentable carbon sources We also constructed a double mutant, flx1D-lacZ, containing both the FLX1 gene deletion and the reporter gene ... yeast extract and yeast nitrogen base were obtained from Difco (Lawrence, KS, USA), and anti-HA and anti-rat peroxidase conjugated IgG were obtained from Roche (Basel, Switzerland) and Jackson ... genomes by phylogenetic footprinting Science 301, 71– 76 Kellis M, Patterson N, Endrizzi M, Birren B & Lander ES (2003) Sequencing and comparison of yeast species to identify genes and regulatory...
... an SREBP target gene, and that the transcription of SREBP-1a gene is predominantly regulated by the general transcription factor Sp1 [11,12] We next compared the glutamineinduced gene expression ... GM130, and subsequently incubated with the Cy3-conjugated secondary antibody The cells were imaged for GFP-SCAP (B and E) or GM130 (C and F) Panels D and G are merged images of GFP-SCAP and the ... promotes SREBP activities and stimulates the gene expression of SREBP targets Results and Discussion Glutamine stimulates the promoter activities of SREBP targets More than 50 years ago, Eagle et...
... DTIM11 was constructed by a PCR-based mutagenesis and the kanr gene was removed [23] The mutations 19A, G15L, G19L and C28S were introduced by a PCR mutagenesis procedure [24] into a plasmid pRS313 ... role and these interfaces will be more precisely studied by site-directed mutagenesis of the ATP20 gene encoding subunit g to identify the interaction domains between subunit g and subunits e and ... SDS-dissociated wild-type and mutant mitochondria were performed Figure shows that polyclonal antibodies against subunit e revealed the presence of subunit e and a 21.4-kDa band in e19A, eG15L and eG19L mutant...
... http://www.virologyj.com/content/5/1/125 On the other hand, mutant viruses in which the UL7 homologous genes of other alphaherpesviruses pseudorabies virus (PRV) and bovine herpesvirus (BHV-1) have been constructed and characterized ... kanamycin-resistant gene, FRT sequence, and50 bp flanking of UL7 sequences on each side, were generated by PCR from pCR2.1 (Invitrogen) using the following primers: Materials and methods and 5'-CGCATCCGTCGGGAGGCCACAGAAACAAAACCGGGTTTATTTCCTAAAAT ... to avoid disrupting expression at neighboring loci, the UL6 gene overlaps with the UL7 geneand the UL8 gene is only 3' to the UL7 gene Therefore, we next examined whether or not deletion of...