(Audel technical trades series)rex miller, mark richard miller, edwin p anderson audel air conditioning home and commercial audel(2004)

TM Audel Air Conditioning: Home and Commercial All New 5th Edition TM Audel Air Conditioning: Home and Commercial All New 5th Edition Rex Miller Mark Richard Miller Edwin P Anderson Vice President and Executive Group Publisher: Richard Swadley Vice President and Executive Publisher: Robert Ipsen Vice President and Publisher: Joseph B Wikert Executive Editor: Carol A Long Editorial Manager: Kathryn A Malm Development Editor: Kevin Shafer Production Editor: Vincent Kunkemueller Text Design & Composition: TechBooks C 2004 by Wiley Publishing, Inc All rights reserved Copyright  Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the 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their respective owners Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books Library of Congress Control Number: eISBN: 0-7645-7719-0 Printed in the United States of America 10 Contents Acknowledgments xix About the Authors xxi Introduction Chapter xxiii Air-Conditioning Fundamentals Properties of Air Air Circulation Cleaning and Filtering Basic Information Heat Transfer Sensible Heat Specific Heat Latent Heat Latent Heat of Fusion Latent Heat of Evaporation Superheat Pressure–Temperature Relationship Chapter 1 2 3 4 4 5 Measurements and Measuring Devices Thermometer Barometer Sling Psychrometer Pressure Gages British Thermal Unit Refrigeration Capacity Measurements 10 10 10 Summary Review Questions 12 13 Psychrometry Air and Water-Vapor Mixtures Humidifying and Dehumidifying Relative Humidity 15 15 15 15 Relative Humidity Measurements Grains of Moisture Specific Volume 16 16 17 v vi Contents Dew-Point Temperature Effective Temperature Dry-Bulb Temperature Wet-Bulb Temperature Wet-Bulb Depression Temperature-Humidity Index Total Heat Content Psychrometric Charts Psychrometric Chart Instructions Calculation Examples Chapter 18 19 19 Comfort Chart Summary Review Questions 25 27 27 Heat Leakage Calculation Examples 29 30 Example Solution Chapter 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 30 30 Reference Tables Summary Review Questions 30 52 52 Ventilation Requirements Air Leakage Natural Ventilation 53 53 53 Wind Forces Temperature-Difference Forces Combined Wind and Temperature Forces Roof Ventilators Ventilator Capacity 53 54 55 55 56 Fresh-Air Requirements Mechanical Ventilation 57 58 Volume of Air Required Duct-System Resistance 58 59 Air Filtration Effect of Dust on Health Various Dust Sources 60 60 61 Contents vii Air-Filter Classification Dry Filters Wet (or Viscous) Filters Filter Installation Humidity-Control Methods Humidifiers Air-Washer Method Pan Humidifiers Electrically Operated Humidifiers Air-Operated Humidifiers Dehumidifiers Electric Dehumidification Controls Adsorption-Type Dehumidifiers Air-Duct Systems Heat Gains in Ducts Resistance Losses in Duct Systems Fans and Blowers Air Volume Horsepower Requirements Drive Methods Fan Selection Fan Applications Fan Operation Attic-Fan Installation Fan Operation Summary Review Questions Chapter Room Air Conditioners Operation Cooling Capacity Capacity Requirements Installation Methods Double-Hung Window Installation Casement Window Installation Outside Support Bracket 61 62 63 66 69 69 69 70 71 71 73 74 75 76 77 79 85 89 90 90 91 92 93 94 95 97 97 98 101 101 103 103 104 106 111 115 viii Contents Console-Type Room Air-Conditioning Systems Electrical System Electrical Components Fan Motors Thermostats Unit Control Switch Service Operations Dismantling Window Air Conditioners Electrical Testing Compressor and Motor Oiling of Motors Leaks in System Filters Interior Cleaning Winter Care Refrigerant-System Service Chapter 116 122 124 127 128 129 129 130 130 135 137 137 137 137 137 138 Troubleshooting Guide (Window-Mounted Units) Summary Review Questions 143 143 145 Refrigerants Desirable Properties Chlorofluorocarbon Compounds (CFCs) Classifications Early Types of Refrigerants 147 147 147 148 150 Sulfur Dioxide Methyl Chloride Ethyl Chloride Ammonia Carbon Dioxide Freezol (Isobutane) Calcium Chloride (CaCl2 ) Freon Refrigerants Classifications Properties of Freons 151 151 152 153 154 154 154 156 156 157 Contents ix Pressure-Temperature Chart Refrigerant Characteristics 160 160 Critical Temperature Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Latent Heat of Evaporation Specific Heat Power Consumption Volume of Liquid Circulated 160 162 162 163 163 164 Simple Refrigeration System Handling Refrigerants 164 166 Storing and Handling Refrigerant Cylinders Cylinder Capacity First Aid Chapter 166 167 168 Summary Review Questions 169 169 Compressors for Air Conditioners Mechanical Components 171 171 Compressors Condensers Receivers Evaporators Refrigerant Controls Expansion Valves Refrigeration Cycle Refrigerants Compressors Reciprocating Compressors Drive Methods Compressor Valves Pistons and Piston Rings Connecting Rods Crankshafts Shaft Seals Lubrication and Cooling Rotary Compressors 171 173 173 173 174 174 174 175 176 177 177 178 178 181 181 183 184 184 ...TM Audel Air Conditioning: Home and Commercial All New 5th Edition TM Audel Air Conditioning: Home and Commercial All New 5th Edition Rex Miller Mark Richard Miller Edwin P Anderson Vice President... Selection Absorption-Type Air Conditioning 338 Absorption versus Compression Cycle of Operation 338 339 Reverse-Cycle Air Conditioning (Heat Pumps) 341 Reversing Valve Operation Control Equipment Defrost-Cycle... Edwin P Anderson Vice President and Executive Group Publisher: Richard Swadley Vice President and Executive Publisher: Robert Ipsen Vice President and Publisher: Joseph B Wikert Executive Editor: