KIẾN THỨC VỀ CHUYÊN MÔN THỰC PHẨM CHỨC NĂNG (PHẦN 2)

Tất cả các kiến thức về chuyên môn Thực phẩm chức năng. tóm gọn từ sơ cấp đến cao cấp. môn tả chi tiết chuyên nghành thực phẩm chức năng. nội dung đầy đủ, dễ hiểu . được trình bày qua slide PP. ......................................................................................................................................................................

CHƯƠNG : CHẤT KHOÁNG (MINERALS) CHƯƠNG CHẤT KHOÁNG (MINERALS) 5.1 Khái niệm chất khoáng 5.2 Phân loại chất khống 5.3 Tính chất chức & lợi ích thể 5.4 Liều lượng & khuyến cáo sử dụng Bai Giang TPCN 63 5.1 Khái niệm & vai trị chất khống • Là ngun tố vơ • Khơng bị phân hủy, khơng tạo lượng • Cơ thể tổng hợp được, phải đưa vào đường thực phẩm • Chiếm đến 4-5% trọng lượng thể, trạng thái: ➢ Tạo cấu trúc cho xương, (calcium, phosphate, magnesium) ➢ Kết hợp hợp chất sinh học quan trọng (Phosphorus nucleotide, kẽm enzim, iodine hormon ) ➢ Tham gia dung dịch thể (sodium & potassium máu, dịch nội bào ) 5.2 Phân loại chất khống • Phân thành nhóm chính: ➢ Đa lượng (macronutrients) ➢ Vi lượng/Vết (micronutrients) • Ngồi phân loại theo: ➢ Thiết yếu (essential) : cần cho dinh dưỡng thể ➢ Không thiết yếu (non-essential): phân thành nhóm, độc & khơng độc Bảng 5.1 : Phân loại chất Khoáng Khoáng đa lượng (Macronutrients) Khoáng vi lượng (Micronutrients) Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K) Sodium (Na) Sulphur (S) Chromium (Cr) Cobalt (Co) Copper (Cu) Iodine (I) Iron (Fe) Manganese (Mn) Molybdenum (Mo) Selenium (Se) Zinc (Zn) Khoáng độc (toxic minerals) Cadmium (Cd) Lead (Pb) Mercury (Hg) 5.3 Tính chất chức & lợi ích thể Tên Vai trị Calcium •Cấu tạo xương •Co bóp bắp •Giúp tim đập •Chức thần kinh Phosphorus •Sinh lượng •Điều hịa chuyển hóa lượng •Thành phần xương, •Thành phần DNA, RNA Magnesium •Thành phần 300 enzymes •Duy trì tế bào thần kinh, •Thành phần xương 5.3 Tính chất chức & lợi ích thể (tt) Tên Vai trị Cloride •Cân dịch chất lưu •Tiêu hóa thức ăn, truyền xung thần kinh Potassium •Duy trì cân huyết áp •Xung thần kinh co bóp Sodium •Cân dịch chất lưu •Thư giãn cơ, truyền xung thần kinh •Điều hịa huyết áp 5.3 Tính chất chức & lợi ích thể (tt) Tên Vai trị Iron •Thành phần hemoglobin, mang oxygen •Phát triển trí não •Tăng cường hệ thống miễn dịch Chromium •Hoạt động với insulin để giúp thể sử dụng glucose Copper •Giúp thể tạo hemoglobin •Là phần enzym thể •Giúp thể sản sinh lượng tế bào 5.3 Tính chất chức & lợi ích thể (tt) Tên Vai trị Floride • Giúp bảo vệ men • Giúp tăng độ mạnh xương Iodine • Là phần hormon tuyến giáp gọi thyroxin, điều chỉnh tốc độ sử dụng lượng thể Manganese •Là phần nhiều enzym 5.3 Tính chất chức & lợi ích thể (tt) Tên Molipbdenum Selenium Zinc Vai trò Cùng với B2 để kết hợp đưa sắt vào hemoglobin để tạo hồng cầu -Là phần nhiều enzym Chất chống oxy hóa với vitamin E để bảo vệ tế bào khỏi hư hỏng dẫn tới bênh ung thư, bệnh tim Thúc đẩy tái tạo tế bào, phát triển sửa chữa mô Là phần 70 enzym Giúp thể sử dụng carbohydrate, protein chất béo CHƯƠNG : CHẤT KHỐNG (MINERALS) • Bảng 5.2: Nguồn chất khoáng số thực phẩm Bai Giang TPCN 72 What is a "new dietary ingredient" in a dietary supplement? The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994 defined both of the terms "dietary ingredient" and "new dietary ingredient" as components of dietary supplements In order for an ingredient of a dietary supplement to be a "dietary ingredient," it must be one or any combination of the following substances: •a vitamin, •a mineral, •an herb or other botanical, •an amino acid, •a dietary substance for use by man to supplement the diet by increasing the total dietary intake (e.g., enzymes or tissues from organs or glands), or •a concentrate, metabolite, constituent or extract What is a "new dietary ingredient" in a dietary supplement? (continued) A "new dietary ingredient" is one that meets the above definition for a "dietary ingredient" and was not sold in the U.S in a dietary supplement before October 15, 1994 Should I check with my doctor or healthcare provider before using a supplement? •This is a good idea, especially for certain population groups Dietary supplements may not be risk-free under certain circumstances If you are pregnant, nursing a baby, or have a chronic medical condition, such as, diabetes, hypertension or heart disease, be sure to consult your doctor or pharmacist before purchasing or taking any supplement While vitamin and mineral supplements are widely used and generally considered safe for children, you may wish to check with your doctor or pharmacist before giving these or any other dietary supplements to your child If you plan to use a dietary supplement in place of drugs or in combination with any drug, tell your health care provider first Many supplements contain active ingredients that have strong biological effects and their safety is not always assured in all users If you have certain health conditions and take these products, you may be placing yourself at risk Some supplements can have unwanted effects during surgery: It is important to fully inform your doctor about the vitamins, minerals, herbals or any other supplements you are taking, especially before elective surgery You may be asked to stop taking these products at least 2-3 weeks ahead of the procedure to avoid potentially dangerous supplement/drug interactions such as changes in heart rate, blood pressure and increased bleeding - that could adversely affect the outcome of your surgery Some supplements may interact with prescription and over-thecounter medicines Taking a combination of supplements or using these products together with medications (whether prescription or OTC drugs) could under certain circumstances produce adverse effects, some of which could be life-threatening Be alert to advisories about these products, whether taken alone or in combination For example: Coumadin (a prescription medicine), ginkgo biloba (an herbal supplement), aspirin (an OTC drug) and vitamin E (a vitamin supplement) can each thin the blood, and taking any of these products together can increase the potential for internal bleeding Combining St John's Wort with certain HIV drugs significantly reduces their effectiveness St John's Wort may also reduce the effectiveness of prescription drugs for heart disease, depression, seizures, certain cancers or oral contraceptives Do I need to think about my total diet? Yes Dietary supplements are intended to supplement the diets of some people, but not to replace the balance of the variety of foods important to a healthy diet While you need enough nutrients, too much of some nutrients can cause problems You can find information on the functions and potential benefits of vitamins and minerals, as well as upper safe limits for nutrients at the National Academy of Sciences Web site Ask yourself: Does it sound too good to be true? •Do the claims for the product seem exaggerated or unrealistic? Are there simplistic conclusions being drawn from a complex study to sell a product? While the Web can be a valuable source of accurate, reliable information, it also has a wealth of misinformation that may not be obvious Learn to distinguish hype from evidence-based science Nonsensical lingo can sound very convincing Also, be skeptical about anecdotal information from persons who have no formal training in nutrition or botanicals, or from personal testimonials (e.g from store employees, friends, or online chat rooms and message boards) about incredible benefits or results obtained from using a product Question these people on their training and knowledge in nutrition or medicine Ask yourself: Does it sound too good to be true? (continued) •Sound health advice is generally based on a body of research, not a single study Be wary of results claiming a "quick fix" that depart from previous research and scientific beliefs Keep in mind science does not proceed by dramatic breakthroughs, but by taking many small steps, slowly building towards a consensus Furthermore, news stories, about the latest scientific study, especially those on TV or radio, are often too brief to include important details that may apply to you or allow you to make an informed decision Check your assumptions about the following: #1 Questionable Assumption -• "Even if a product may not help me, it at least won't hurt me." It's best not to assume that this will always be true When consumed in high enough amounts, for a long enough time, or in combination with certain other substances, all chemicals can be toxic, including nutrients, plant components, and other biologically active ingredients #2 Questionable Assumption -"When I see the term 'natural,' it means that a product is healthful and safe." Consumers can be misled if they assume this term assures wholesomeness, or that these food-like substances necessarily have milder effects, which makes them safer to use than drugs The term "natural" on labels is not well defined and is sometimes used ambiguously to imply unsubstantiated benefits or safety For example, many weight-loss products claim to be "natural" or "herbal" but this doesn't necessarily make them safe Their ingredients may interact with drugs or may be dangerous for people with certain medical conditions #3 Questionable Assumption -" A product is safe when there is no cautionary information on the product label." Dietary supplement manufacturers may not necessarily include warnings about potential adverse effects on the labels of their products If consumers want to know about the safety of a specific dietary supplement, they should contact the manufacturer of that brand directly It is the manufacturer's responsibility to determine that the supplement it produces or distributes is safe and that there is substantiated evidence that the label claims are truthful and not misleading #4 Questionable Assumption -" A recall of a harmful product guarantees that all such harmful products will be immediately and completely removed from the marketplace." A product recall of a dietary supplement is voluntary and while many manufacturers their best, a recall does not necessarily remove all harmful products from the marketplace Contact the manufacturer for more information about the specific product that you are purchasing If you cannot tell whether the product you are purchasing meets the same standards as those used in the research studies you read about, check with the manufacturer or distributor Ask to speak to someone who can address your questions, some of which may include: #4 Questionable Assumption (continued) -What information does the firm have to substantiate the claims made for the product? Be aware that sometimes firms supply so-called "proof" of their claims by citing undocumented reports from satisfied consumers, or "internal" graphs and charts that could be mistaken for evidence-based research Does the firm have information to share about tests it has conducted on the safety or efficacy of the ingredients in the product? Does the firm have a quality control system in place to determine if the product actually contains what is stated on the label and is free of contaminants? Has the firm received any adverse events reports from consumers using their products? Tài liệu tham khảo [1] Glenn R Gibsonand Christine M Williams, Functional Foods-Concept to products, Wood head Publishing Limited (ISBN 85573 503 2) and CRC Press LLC (ISBN 0-8493-0851-8), 2000 [2] Robert E.C Wildman, Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Food, CRC Press, 2006 [3] Tina Mattila-Sandholm and Maria Saarela, Functional dairy products, Woodhead Publishing Limited (ISBN 85573 691 8) and CRC Press LLC (ISBN 0-8493-1743-6), 2005 [4] Israel Goldberg, Functional Foods - Designer Foods, Pharmafoods, Nutraceuticals, Chapman & Hall, Inc, 1994 [5] C J K Henry and C Chapman, The nutrition handbook for food processors, ,Woodhead Publishing Ltd and CRC Press LLC,© 2002 [6] David A Bender and Arnold E Bender, Benders’ Dictionary of Nutrition and Food Technology, Seventh edition,Woodhead Publishing Ltd and CRC Press LLC © 1999 Bai Giang TPCN 01 [7] Alanna J Moshfegh2, James E Friday, Joseph P Goldman and Jaspreet K Chug Ahuja, Presence of Inulin and Oligofructose in the Diets of Americans, Journal of Nutrition 1999;129:1407S-1411S [8] Ian Johnson and Gary Williamson, Phytochemical functional foods, First published 2003, Woodhead Publishing Ltd and CRC Press LLC © 2003, Woodhead Publishing Ltd [9] Yoshinori Mine, Eunice Li-Chan, and Bo Jiang, Bioactive Proteins and Peptides as functional food and Neutraceutical, Edition first published 2010 © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and Institute of Food Technologistsl [10] Antonio Zamora, “Carbohydrate”, Nutrition research reviews, 12/2003 [11] Trần Đán, Giáo trình điện tử, Giáo trình đào tạo Thực phẩm chức năng, website Hiệp Hội Thực Phẩm Chức Năng Việt Nam,03/2011 [12] Website Cơ quan quản lý thực phẩm ... Probiotics, thực tế, khơng cung cấp cho thể dạng thực phẩm tự nhiên, chưa qua q trình chế biến • Probiotics cung cấp chủ yếu dạng: ➢ Thực phẩm có bổ sung sinh khối vi khuẩn cô đặc ➢ Thực phẩm lên... khống, thực phẩm khác nhau, có mức độ hấp thu khác (Calcium, dạng kết hợp hợp chất hòa tan, hấp thu dễ hợp chất khơng hịa tan ) • Một số hợp chất thực phẩm hạn chế hấp thu chất khoáng thực phẩm. .. hịa chất chống oxy hóa sản sinh từ thể từ thực phẩm ➢ Trong thể trẻ, khỏe mạnh, phần lớn ROS bị trung hịa chất chống oxy hóa sản sinh từ thể từ thực phẩm ➢ Khi số lượng ROS vượt trội so với chất