Bài viết đi sâu tìm hiểu biện pháp tu từ trong lời ca lượn slương này có thể cho thấy được một số đặc trưng ngôn ngữ nghệ thuật của dân tộc Tày và phần nào hiểu được vốn văn hóa truyền thống của người Tày.
So (247)-2Q16 NG6N NGC & Ddi S6NG 61 s o SANH TU Ttr TRONG «Lirgnv SLirOfNG" CUA NGU'OfI TAY RHETORIC COMPARISON IN "LUON SLUONG" OF TAY PEOPLE L E THJ NHU" NGUYET (ThS-NCS; Dai hpc S u phgm DH Thdi Nguydn) Abstract: In "luon sluong" (one kind of folk songs) of the Tay, the comparison includes stractural types in which the basic absent structure is the most popular Homogeneous structure may regularly be seen, especially is the similar comparison; and the diferential structure is rarely used Factor which demonstrates the comparison correlation is made up by monosyllabic words and multisyllabic words, in which monosyllabic words are more popular What are compared prcdominantiy are the human and the inner feeling world of human What compare predominantly are the iconic phenomena of the natural world Key words: comparison; rhetoric comparison; structure D$t van de 1) Ddn tpc Tay (cdn ed ten gpi khdc Id Nggn, Phen, Thu Lao Pa Di Toy Ngm, Thd ) cd ddn s l 1.626.392 ngudi (nam 2009), cu tiii tfp tmng chu yiu d vimg Ddng Bdc, Tdy Bdc, rai rdc d mdt sl tinh Nam Trung bf vd Tdy Nguydn Vdi be day lich sft, ngudi Tdy dS cd mft nen van hda phdt triln Idu ddi Hp cd mft von van nghe truyen thing, ddc bift Id bf phfn vdn hpc din gian khd d l sf, da dgng, dfc ddo Hdt lupn la mft logi hinh ddn ea rit thdn thufc va gan gui ciia ngudi Tdy Cho den nay, khdi nifm "lugn" dupc hieu theo hai nghia rfng va hpp Theo nghia rfng, lupn chi toan bp kho tdng ddn ca ngudi Tdy: then (hdt then), Itegn quan lang (hdt ddm cudi), lugn phudi pdc (hatvi von, vin difu), lugn phong slu (hdt phong thu: bay td tinh yeu ddi Ifta) Theo nghTa hep, lupn Id nhttng difu hat giao duyen cua ngucri Tdy Ca hai cdch hilu dlu cd If, nhung biln hon la cdch hilu khdi nifm lupn tiieo nghTa hpp Lupn Tdy gIm cd ba loai chu yiu: lugn sluong, lugn cgi lugn Hai Sluang dupc hieu la "y^" thuong, tiiuong nhd" ; cgi la "thua gfti, gpi"; hai dupc hilu la "tiang" Lupn cpi dl cgp din nhieu kWa cgnh cua cupc song: sinh hogt vgt chit, tinh thin, quan hf xd hfi gifta ngudi vdi ngudi, quan nifm ve tdn gido tin ngudng va thi gidi quan co xua Npi dung ciia Itegn sluang cmg cd phan gilng lugn cgi, phin ndi vl cufc sing cd phin md nhgt hon, nfi dung thidn vl cdc khfa cgnh **phong hoa tuylt nguyft" Lugn hai la nhftng bdi hat ciu mua, ben cgnh dd cd xen nhihig bai hdt ve tinh ydu nam nft 2) Theo quan nifm cda tu tft hpc, so sdnh Id mft bifn phdp doi chilu cdc doi tupng khdc logi, cae ddi tupng cd the chi cd mft ndt giong nhau, thdm chi chi cd mft mli lidn hf sdu xa ndo dd, nhdm till hifn dii tupng dupc so sdnh mft each tgo hinh, bilu cdm vd lam nii bdt ban nhftng dfc dilm muon nhin mgnh, hudng tdi mft loi tri gidc mdi ve doi tupng Ddy ciing Id bifn phdp tu tft tiiudng g?lp lupn sluang d bai viet ndy, chftng tdi tim hilu bifn phdp so sdnh tu tft ldi hat litgn sluong ciia ngudi Tdy 3) Tim hieu bifn phap tu tft ttong ldi ca Itegn sluang ndy cd the cho thiy dupc mft sl dgc tnmg ngdn ngft nghf thudt cda ddn tfc Tay vd phin nao hilu dupc von vdn hda tmyIn thong cua ngucri Tdy 4) Tu lifu bai vilt dupc thu thgp qua cuIn Liegn Tdy (Nhd xuit ban Vdn hda ddn tfc 2012) Hfi Vdn nghf ddn gian Vift Nam suu tim vd xuit bdn CuIn sdch gIm cd hai phin: Lugn Toy Lgng San (do Hoang Vdn Pao lam chu bidn) va Ltegn sluong (do Phuong Bdng, LS Vdn Ld suu tim, phien dm vd dich) Bae dilm cdch so sdnh tu tu' lupn slmmg Zl.Cdc kiiu cau true so sdnh lugn sluong Trong khdc lupn lupn sluang: lugn pdy tdng (lupn di dudng), Itegn su eac chuang (cdc chuong lupn sft), bdi ca chiing chiie 62 NG6N NGC & Ddi S6NG (nhftng bai ca trinh chftc), cd 56 lupt so sdnh, vdi kilu ciu trdc So lupng cy thi efta cdc kilu ciu tnic nhu sau: Bdng Cdc kiiu cdu triic so sdnh STT Ki^u cdu triic Silirgt so sinh A + tss + B 32(57.1%) A + x + tss + B 18(32.1%) A+B 3(5.4%) A+x+B (3.6%) B+A _ 1(1.8%) T6nEs6:56 (100%) (A: cdi dugc so sdnh, x: co sd so sdnh tss: td so sdnh, B: cdi so sdnh) Bdng ting hpp trdn cho tiiiy: dang day dft, ciu tnic so sanh tu tft gom yiu tl:A + X + tss + B Tuy nhien, lugn sluong khdng phdi md hinh ciu tide ciia so sdnh cung d dgng diy dft, trat ty cdc yiu t l cd thi b} thay dii hofc bdt mft so yiu to md Wnh - c i u true so sanh vdng co sd so sdnh A + tss+B dupc sft dyng 32/56 lupt, cWem 57.1% Kilu so sdnh ndy cdn cft vao ndt giong gifta hai dii tupng d hai ve ciu trdc, tft dd nhfn dfc dilm cua dii tupng dupc mieu td Vidy: L?o minh kdt dudi cdu duyin ua/ Dudng bSng bj'odc tdc phung tdu chiea (Hit long ydu lay bgn qud ua/ Gidng nhu dudi byi nd hoa mua) [10,324] Sloong rd nhu bda hgi thuang cdn (Hai ta nhu budm lupn cung thucmg) [10,345] Mmi toe ldng chdn nhu phdi phec (Suong roi xuIng sdn nhu bdng nd) [10,336] Vui ve cyng nhu Tan vuong hgi (Vui miing sdnh tdy Tin vuong hfi) [10,362] d ddy, 1^0 minh kit dudi cdu diiyin ua (Het ldng yeu liy bgn qud ua) la A dupc so sdnh bjodc tdc phung tdu chOa (dudi byi nd hoa mua) Id B, hai ve A, B dupc noi vdi qua tss dudng bang (gilng nhu); sloong rd (hai ta) A, bua hgi thuang can (budm lupn cimg thuong) - B, nhu - tss; Mudi tdc ldng chdn (sirong roi xuIng sdn) - A, phdi phec (bdng nd) - B, nAtt tss; vui vi (vui mftng) - A, Tdn vuang hgi- B, ctfitgnhu (sdnh tay) - tss, So (247)-2Q16 - c i u tnic so sdnh A+x + tss+B dirpc sft dyng 18/56, cWim 32.1% Vidy: Slip dinh mimg khit nd tdy chim (Mudi dinh Ipp kin ching bing chfta) [10,330] Ngm tha li Igi tdc p^n phdn (Nude mfit roi ftanti^ti^mua) [10.378] D^ sdc ndn nd nhir ming rogng ^ d n sSc kdu vang nhu ve gpi) [10,409] Sloong tin khao dodc tua bjodc ng&t (Ddi chdn trdng non tya bgc rdng) [10,377] d ddy, slip dinh (mudi dinh) Id A, mimg khit (Ipp kin) Id X, nd /