Đồng âm và đa nghĩa trong tiếng việt (đối chiếu với tiếng hán hiện đại)

khóa luận, luận văn, thạc sĩ, tiến sĩ, cao học, đề tài

DẪN NHẬP DẪN NHẬP 1. ĐỐI TƯỢNG NGHIÊN CỨU VÀ LÍ DO CHỌN ĐỀ TÀI  !"#$ %&#'("#)("#%("# * "#("#)&+,*-.!" / ()()0&+)1!2.* 3(43#. 33(567 &,"#8 9 : 9 *%$"; < 1 = # 2 9 (: < )()#,330+4)7 .(> .+47 #%!1! *3"#?.+ 4@%AB%1C: +)()D @41$##E %!!F* "#.-%G",7 :H IJ":! K. +4(H?1! 0&(7)()*L?2E 9  =  M $ 9 N 9 O 9  P   9 : ; 9  P I: P )): < O  9  9 8 9 :  = # P Q*L?2E!F 6"@&32E (7!8(R-(/G* 3:!F#,3 ))()()()E:H /@A&G O!42JE48&F%)ST)ST(.%)UT 5 :*3B 4!VW2X74.* -,7)D67 >F74.'O!R"Y!#C) 2J1!&%/?)$K%!K  !2(.%!)1$ !2KZ :(7*)%I#3Q$O!R'E:H  /VW))[)("#-*K2XE+ (.(, 78H"#+!?$%\D(7#C@]@"% >,(1!&"#^$%*3%I#BQG7 'Đồng âm và đa nghĩa trong tiếng Việt đối chiếu với tiếng Hán hiện đại* ":0VW1$I)C_2J:H )()  2X64" :H )("##C)ST( ^ UT/-*:H %E3Q?A2X"Y AB/))"#-A1!D"Y(R"( "6(AB/)ST)()()"#1 (JST( UT/-*)"Y%,(1!&D,3 %B##%3*VWD2XE+ )) )("#-(.)))("#B@" %B8(IR&"#$%* 2. LỊCH SỬ VẤN ĐỀ 2.1`-".abcd/-0!+74. "#?2Etự vịI#K-&:2#C] eF% (+% E%2#"GI.? 4*SfC' NagbdĐại Nam quấc âm tự vị/ hRS/iajk*3 E JBKF\ :I#K-&:2#C   l(7)(J %-%N E+1Zmnm*o#V:p :iaja"*dqrd^k@' s"#?H?,R!FĐại Nam quấc âm tự vị0&! 7tV:p :G%*UF#2!$"@3Q $64,3'!F$"@6&u27 -C#") !"@ %"K/!-bạc, đàiv Nab^d_wT6 3x-NLibakK\ :74. /-(.(O ,&FĐ tự vị*S$"@3 4snhững chữ khó viết hoặc những chữ Đ cùng những chữ không nhằm Đ mà phải viết dấu hỏi hay dấu ngã, hoặc viết d hay g ở trước, c hay là t, có g hay là không có g ở sauy*UF#2!$"@3Q$,3', C#/Đ tự vị\ 1\ 4%s%y(.wV:.azzb-2Phần phụ thêm 4%-o#!F2X(,7(7F%-E{ 1$ 4(F"#$"@3*LAI|!F1$B $+#2# !F2}O+/!F(5B ,3*%-GE 1! ( %-8+*~#C+(7KC:Đ tự vị/ 3x-NL. ZE1:?wV",u!-/-O•u!! j (,7/"#-% .ZI)C"#$%2#C ("#(N$+!2#&.\ D0_"?2E(,7  4: +/-'%) \-(.)E! %)R8(.)#I(,7!-8+*v% 1$B/4* Nabja:2JA/Việt Nam tự điểni€jk*w#(.Đại Nam quấc âm tự vị/ hRS/Việt Nam tự điển0Q"G.( &!-(!-!-7 !(F1!"Y "*+ !-@6I5F%!B&*/! -&&]12E•‚4a^jv2 >7 (It G*S!-STO+7 (&(. &]12EV L0*w |(1:%1+Ht)*SfC#C GWF(2}O+2 ' A. I." ?B}"C_" ?:rUhG!"!C' ‚ƒ?„&]&„!*S}"C@I|&] …@I|&]* II*S}"C&]!'‚ ?0A"\!"C*v Việt Nam tự điển0&"Y)(@(R* 3(43$"@ 3(56&u2%1!K,3}}0 %%- \-(.%- E{ v Nabj^!Ql$"@Hán Việt từ điển /#~ 3Wiqak*3 ?&?F_._-* UF#2!(,7 4F #C!-(/ Hán Việt từ điển Q$,3'Hán Việt từ điển 0",#"G(,7 4F(&O•!-!( !r-*S!O•/$2 '\ :!F1:,F!- "#t)+o#(1:!1+2#+H! -|KF(7!-3*SfC't)G ~W†$!qzt)u2 ' Dao摇 V3?* Dao遥 m* Dao瑶 L?HGE[ l&! [2!2/"#2C* c Dao谣 S !1$81Q[K&]1$A"* Dao 愮 V#& 1$u|* Dao徭 m*~#IR* Dao 猺 :?Ir?_7QrI ‡}r1h(7 Z3r.  v!-)B"*abzrabg Nabjb B/"V:G-ibck* !F&+"#\Những nguyên tắc chung "*^b("#\ Lược khảo về từ chương"*ajb*o#!F@'sGE * %-ˆ|?'nướcƒˆNước -ˆNướcK %+y*-s,F1!y* Nabcq B/"\"GU‡|UZ‰C~ 3U: "# Việt Nam văn phạmizqk."#ag8/Việt Nam văn phạm@"# 8nNhững điều khái lược"*agrab(_tLời tựa"*-nnnmn% >B"Y B/G(7)(*o#Gs+% +(+E (G? !@1! 1$:ˆC@(. F*-?+nước?OH(   "R[?+nước1!,u_2$_&B*L?+năm 1#FKKˆ![?+năm 1!2E+2 2E bốnyViệt Nam văn phạm"*ag* G6&(7 E/)(B/%p E%' s%+,37 ,%+E_%#"yG: ( It'S% minhsáng@(+%明, %minhtối @(+%冥, %minh mờ - mịt bát - ngát@(+%瞑, %minhthề@(+% 盟, %minh ghi, khắc@(+% 铭, %minhkêu(7@(+%鸣y.o#G @s%%,3(+&]%#2! %1! (+&] Er %@+#D F*w#F&+ˆ&"]2! + minh 2! ":H1$F?+ minh 2! ***y Việt Nam văn phạm["*ab* d "#Lời tựaG"4O…'sS% Eˆ%",ˆK N!I, GB:ˆIRQ+F3!*SZ7(@!  3Q2#1A%+ˆ@(+E F" K#1$&+%#1$+#r&%1!  "#%+,3***yViệt Nam văn phạm["*nnn* SB"]3)",2."#-0  l*`#C3I#%C+(7KC:%$"@  4%$"@4B6/3+ %$"@IJ": 2J>JE}(1/?2EGF:J :H 7 6&u27 (,7: +"#-2# &.\ 0…_%(,7 4'1\ "G(!1/ (&%- \-(%-E!11$ %!Q1ƒ2%)#I(.)R83( e F%(+42JO ?%!#C(NJ0(2• It%!%$%p E%"#(4I!- /-5B/%p E%"#F!!!!(| 76&%-(.%-*** )2 abcd+abzd+t42J /! -%G*UF#2!%$"@3Q$4,3"#1 !GF(5 o#$Z eF%(+( \" 37&!%p E%@!GF‡}CO + :7 (7 4*% B 4_#C3\ .(7(,7)BG*!Ql!$"@( B2 ' Nabcz_wT6Đồng âm vận tuyển /"\-NUFi€gk*+ &?8 3x-NL"\-NUF0!(Z"% B%&,4/%p E%"#(BG/ &7*!F0",Q"G+#!2#2!E+ (G5 "# ( 4% 'strong quyển từ điển nầy, chúng tôi đối chiếu các tự điển ở ba kỳ và chọn lấy cách viết của phần đông, hầu ngày sau điển - chế và thống - nhứt văn – tự Việt – NamyPhàm lệ*"\-NUFD0%F+ € 2!C#8(78!&:2#C7 3B_8!2}O+ !-/!F'H,2 >?\ t)32 >?@(R F7 !2E•r‚4Z"Y%)3@(R"#\ t,3*Hnghĩa/%@(R#(##A8B &(.@(RF*w |(1:%1+)H @(RF*-It' Ái1S*Š: '![!/[!![!?[!% [!1‹[! E[!2/[! @[&!![&B![ 3+!*2S*E'![!%*CJ[C!*3S* ,t'!!*4*Œ![! [!$*Đồng âm vận tuyển["qb* /!)3!@(RE1:(F"#Đồng âm vận tuyển1!"Y"(O!,!@(R!-*o#E 1:/VW#j€cz@(R()"F6\Câu rời \ 4:%1+)H%@(RF"# !t)".(%%Ix3\5(.@(R"F *‰\3!F, C#% 8t&!]t QKGIxGIx.Ix&*SfCán(áng!F &2 ' sÁn&8!!  Áng$I(.!+"KgyĐồng âm vận tuyển["*aq* #( 4F!@(R!- \-Đồng âm vận tuyển6 4FF%@(RE‰!* NabdaTự- điển Việt- Nam phổ- thông/#-N4iaagk*S$ "@3(5&??1!7 B_!1 O!R2}O+ &!-(.!-*SfC'1O!R/ @(R!-白bạch!F0!:#/@(Rbạch"# !1+'bạch đinh, bạch thủ, trinh bạch1 @(R3# !ssắc trắngy"6ssạch sẽ, sáng sủa[ trắng trơn, không có của cải, không có chức tướcy Tự- điển Việt- Nam phổ- thông["^z*-7( O•!-#-N40o,F!-33I! 0s, C#o#1B  3B#Cy'cuốc I•rŽcuốc[ z bào I•rŽbào***4 (#?t)*Tự- điển Việt- Nam phổ- thông["*ajbjc* Nab€b, !Ql B#C)()/# ‰:iaqc"*jragk*•#"]'s&)7 (.) ?(,711N*7 1",1 3+R:#3?)7 3:!",3)*"#)B$+   %!331$"Y"}@E8!"y* Nab€b>% S iaz"*cjrdqk$  !"@1F#2!(F /!-)"# -ab€z-N/&:0B B( 8!O•/@E(.!-*3?$"@B"Y %(,7 4_#C3* "#\H,/&(+$,C\ "G(% 11N/(&:2#C)B?H+A&%11N "#(F/)-(1fR'sđiều quan trọng nhất là tính hệ thống trong cách làm việcy* `\H$Z"%BK,3"#%  3B)B/".*"#B.,o#$srời rạc, thiếu tính hệ thốngy*B3B_&B2 '1‡??_ !2}O+o#HJ%! F/s1$BQ#K G,3%E %!-)(Ji***k#"])(J Z?4>?%-$4(. y*2‡??_!F !1! #|?-)(J F/sK G)!FK1$,3E %!,3 +#y*3‡??_!!)(!/)(.%&B 2 '_%), "Q%E @"#"KW !qc3qd_"K‡C?qa3q^*S 1(.1! /|?)!F!)_?) 1!8JC4?"K!)băng, đèn, bay* g "#\H&$"@&3 B/@(782_! /)! 3:}\Ql1F/)"#)B* !F"q^ 3:}(qj:  e1F/!)2 '  3:}H,s1O•?-)(J#(7A\ Ql+!E OF3""##"!@"C$4E *ivk-@(!?-%)":"X: . 4(7 ".%7 (y*>% S 7":  e! )2 's+  3BOF3"?!!&33 1$BFE %,3(.!1!/)@ B!,3?)3? !%****U$B!! )+  3BOF3"E "#F?#C)*S6 E(.!!&@(!)31$|3(#! O•/K&:2#C((,31$F_@. # Ey*  3:}Hs1O•?)\:  ?K"J H(E!1! /)y*o#>% S sE(.! )?@(2#2!(.!)1!|"! 7  "G*S6E(.)7 @#(\2#2! (.!)|6\2#2!!1! /(. y* -7(2}O+!/)o#HJ$#"]'s:2}O+ 2## %!&42## ?K"J &4(:"#KFy* -7(!!$7"&:  e2 '1s+ )F &#: AB)#C1! @B&,3: y2s+ "#|?AB)#C)&#: ABQ !AB1+@B&,3: "#C(AB) #C,3y3s2 10%AB%!1! + "# |?AB%!),31FN1+(.&#: )#C1! O…(7%@B:&,3: y*o#$"#& b :  e":@!:  eqa(q^:  eC6:  eqj :  eH3+ 3I|"#! E)B".3* moO… B/>% S Q$,3"]'!F, C(Ql7 .tiêu chuẩn tính thường trực(quan điểm hệ thống"# (O•/!-)(J"#)B*p  B3Q ,3%11N(%F!/!)BGD /!F1O•/!-)(J"#)B,( 4 2}O+O•!)(* Nabza 3xT!icj"*^ar^zk"@&3 B(7 "#-* o#$q^AB "GE"#-'1 1$&+@(2@(R"#-K"|(.+*o# 3x T!)"#-qcAB2 ')8?+7 Z@ ?wV",u)+()…(. K 3B#C* "#-82#(.&_wV8&F"#+!8- (&#KD!"RE4(7l*AB&4/"# -&?4OF3"%?@(R, C#)(.?)?@(R* •#C)"#-q^#C')##()&? 4* )abz€.3/-+t42J /! -%G*!Ql!$"@( B2 ' Nabz€!Ql B/V:izz"*aaar^dck*!F1 "@&3(7Các mẫu cấu tạo từ tiếng Việtq€#C 3:(R$ (4 I2!!#C 3:(R"#-0&","Y"! 3:(R "#E 3:(R/-*‡:C$"@3V:6?2E $"@1!#A"J+#A!+&(7)"#-' igq"*dbrad^k1"@&3(7AB%ˆQ!/!)#CI t)[1"@&3%B #C"#)#C)A&1 &(72J#C*-7 ((7)":$D %(1+F2 2}(7 4ig^k* aq Nabzg-NHicq"*jarjbk0!+&3u B/ @(7)I# 3B#C((#C)*o#$% -I# 3B#CwV1$.%- &B (4  ?(7%)#C1! 1$2J&(7@!G %A"Q!1! % ."#%"K 1! 1/%(R%&%&_(43!F#"]:!" )":&(:O+Q(#)%!(ZB& (. &_!l%!*-(43Q"_?B #C %!&:C#C" 37E5 :* Nabzg%ia^c"*cqrcgk@B )I.? ) G*p (1F#2!&E1B #C?/+-#C??4 ?)#C?C+(.!?3+ ES#C?!3 #C?1+8,!F"qdE4BC#: "#!8%(qj!E41!I#("6/): "#-CBC#:*)("%E4 ":!F0#C")'1+:(.+:( 2+!3(.+!3*+!F(#1F#2!N E4\ :(1+ 4s@H+JI#(.+JI# O ,7 ,y* Nabzg6 B/ 3x(N iajgk*p B/$4  /3+ _8-nNghĩa từ vựng và kết cấu nghĩa của từ, "*bjrazb(_ 8m-Từ điển Việt Nam, "*j^arjjz*"#8-n$&(7' E !#C!.C)*•)1B '1Từ Đ từ vựng (2từ Đ từ vựng – ngữ pháp*o#!F)& E2 '1 Từ Đ ngẫu nhiên2từ Đ tạo ra do sự diễn biến về ngữ âm3những từ Đ do sự tách rời các ý nghĩa của một từ ĐN*!F7"qj!&)()7 ' 1@%I,  1! 2!Its:  e?I y3QlF+ A$A/(A$%"#C*o#$ "#&!":!H&! N8"#(&)7 ()"#-* . >,(1!&"#^$%*3%I#BQG7 ' Đồng âm và đa nghĩa trong tiếng Việt đối chiếu với tiếng Hán hiện đại* ":0VW1$I)C_2J:H. J!2!"B$3RCB& nghĩa gốc, nghĩa phái sinh(các nghĩa phái sinh thứ cấp,2$3$3CB & nghĩa cơ bản, nghĩa không