UNIT 7: SAVING ENERGY (Tiết kiệm lượng) energy recent -> recently N Năng lượng Adj Gần Adv Gần đây, bill enormous -> enormously plumber 10 crack -> to crack 12 pipe 14 to drip -> dripping 16 to waste 18 solar -> solar energy 21 nuclear -> nuclear power 23 source -> a source of power -> a power source 25 to install N Adj Adv N N V N V N V Adj N Adj N N V Lắp đặt, cài đặt -> installation 27 resource -> resources -> natural resources 28 luxury 29 consumer N N N N N N Việc lắp đặt Hóa đơn tốn Rất, vơ Rất, vô Thợ sửa ống nước Vết nứt, vết rạn Làm nứt Ong nước Nhỏ giọt, chảy nhỏ giọt Vịi rỉ nước Lãng phí, uổng phí Thuộc mặt trời Năng lượng mặt trời Thuộc hạt nhân Năng lượng hạt nhân Nguồn Ngồn lượng Nguồn lượng to label -> label tumble dryer efficient -> efficiency -> efficiently to compare -> comparison 11 category 13 ultimately -> ultimate 15 innovation 17 to sum up 19 solid 20 separate -> to separate 22 to draft -> draft 24 to label -> label 26 tumble dryer Nguồn, nguồn lực Tài nguyên Tài nguyên thiên nhiên Vật xa xỉ, đồ xa xỉ Người tiêu thụ, người tiêu dùng -> to consume 30 effectively -> effective 31 household 32 account for st V Adv Adj N V Dùng, tiêu thụ 33 bulb 34 standard N Adj Bóng đèn tròn -> standard 35 scheme -> to scheme 36 standard N N V Adj Chuẩn, tiêu chuẩn Một cách có hiệu Có hiệu Hộ gia đình Chiếm, nguyên nhân (gì) Chuẩn, phù hợp với tiêu chuẩn Kế hoạch, âm mưu Lập kế hoạch, âm mưu Chuẩn, phù hợp với tiêu chuẩn UNIT 7: SAVING ENERGY V N N Adj N Adv V N N Adv Adj N V Adj Adj V V N V N N Dán nhãn Nhãn, nhãn hiệu Máy sấy quần áo Có suất, có hiệu Tính hiệu Một cách hiệu So sánh Sự so sánh Loại, hạng Cuối cùng, Cuối cùng, sau Sự đổi mới, cách tân Tóm tắt, tổng kết Rắn, thể rắn Riêng, riêng biệt, khác Tách ra, chia Viết nháp, vẽ phát thảo Bản nháp, phát thảo Dán nhãn Nhãn, nhãn hiệu Máy sấy quần áo NEW WORDS electric (adj): có điện electrical (adj): thuộc điện electricity (n): điện electrician (n): thợ điện power (n): lượng, sức mạnh powerful (adj): hùng mạnh powerfully (adv) empower (v): ủy quyền cloud (n): mây → cloudy (adj): có mây cloudless (adj.): khơng mây sun (n): mặt trời sunny (adj): có nắng sun (n): mặt trời solar (adj): thuộc mặt trời fog (n): sương mù foggy (adj): có sương mù wind (n): gió windy (adj): có gió snow (n): tuyết snowy (adj): có tuyết rain (n,v): mưa rainy (adj): có mưa install (v): lắp đặt, cài đặt installation (n): lắp đặt 10 necessary (adj): cần thiết necessarily (adv): thiết necessity (n): thứ thiết yếu unnecessary (adj): không cần thiết unnecessarily (adv): không thiết 11 produce (v): sản xuất producer (n): nhà sản xuất production (n): sản xuất product (n): sản phẩm productive (adj): có xuất 12 consume (v): tiêu thụ consumption (n): tiêu thụ consumer (n): người tiêu dùng time-consuming (adj): tốn thời gian 13 effect (n): hiệu ứng, hiệu effective (adj): có hiệu effectively (adv): có hiệu ineffective (adj): khơng có hiệu ineffectively (adv) effectiveness (n): tính hiệu efficient (adj): hiệu quả, có xuất inefficient (adj): khơng hiệu efficiently (adv): có hiệu inefficiently (adv): khơng hiệu efficiency (n): xuất, việc làm có hiệu inefficiency (n): việc làm khơng có hiệu 14 ultimate (adj): cuối ultimately (adv) 15 innovate (v): có sáng kiến innovative (adj): sáng tạo innovation (n): sáng kiến innovator (n): người cải cách 16 conclude (v): kết luận conclusion (n): kết, kết luận In conclusion: kết luận lại 17 regular (adj): thường xuyên regularly (adv) = usually: thường xuyên 18 conserve: giữ gìn, bảo tồn conservation (n):sự bảo tồn, bảo toàn conservationist (n): người ủng hộ bảo tồn 19 profit (n):lợi nhuận, tiền lãi profitable (a): có lãi, có lợi ích, lợi nhuận profit (v): thu lợi, làm có lợi profitably (adv):1 cách có lợi nhuận, sinh lãi 20 suggest(v): gợi ý suggestion (n): gợi ý suggestive (a): có tính gợi ý, gợi nhớ suggestively (adv): cách gợi ý, gợi nhớ đến 21 receive (v): nhận được, thu receipt (n): công thức, giấy biên nhận, biên lai receiver (n): người nhận, người thu lĩnh reception (n): đón nhận, tiếp đón , tiếp nhận receptive (a): có tính đón nhận, lĩnh hội 22 connection (n); kết nối connect (v): kết nối disconnect (v): kết nối connected (a): kết nối, kết nối, nối kết 23 understanding (n): hiểu biết, trí tuệ, am hiểu understandable (a): hiểu understanding (a): thơng cảm với understand (v): hiểu understandably (adv): cách thơng cảm 24 luxury (n): sang trọng, xa hoa luxurious (a): lộng lẫy, xa hoa, sang trọng, xa xỉ luxuriously (adv): cách lộng lẫy, xa hoa 25 standard (n): chuẩn, tiêu chuẩn, trình độ, mức standard (a): làm chuẩn, phù hợp tiêu chuẩn standardize (v): tiêu chuẩn hóa, chuẩn hóa 26 compare(v): so sánh, ví comparable (a): so comparative (a):tương đối, so sánh comparison (n):sự so sánh comparatively (adv): cách tương đối I Adjectives and adverbs (tính từ trạng từ): A Adjectives (tính từ): - Tính từ đứng trước danh từ sau số động từ như: to be, seem, keep, look, feel, taste, sound, smell, get, become … - Tính từ bổ nghĩa danh từ đại từ Ex: It is a white shirt (while tính từ đứng trước danh từ shirt bổ nghĩa cho danh từ shirt ) Ex: - She is intelligent - He looks happy a Adverbs(trạng từ): Ex: He is a good student He studies well => Trạng từ có chức bổ nghĩa cho tất từ loại ngoại trừ danh từ đại từ Eg: - She spoke softly (trạng từ softly bổ nghĩa cho động từ thường speak) - He runs fast (trạng từ fast bổ nghĩa cho động từ thường run) - She answered me coldly - It is terribly hot today (trạng từ teriblly bổ nghĩa cho tính từ hot) - The little girl was badly treated * Cách thành lập trạng từ thể cách: Tính từ + ly → Trạng từ bad + ly → badly slow + ly -> slowly happy + ly → happily * Một số trường hợp ngoại lệ: good → well early → early late → late hard → hard fast → fast * Một số tính từ tận "ly": friendly: thân thiện, lovely: dễ thương, likely: chắn, lonely: cô đơn, lively: sống động, silly: ngốc, ngớ ngẫn, ugly: xấu xí EXECISE Choose the correct form: 1.- I heard Daniel isn’t very ………….(good/ well) - Well, he fell and hurt himself quite ……… (badly/ bad) – There was a ……….(terrible/ terribly) accident on this road two days ago, wasn’t there? - Yes, two people were killed and the driver of the car was …………(serious/ seriously) injured - The weather was so ……….awful/ awfully) yesterday - yes, it was raining quite ……… (heavy/ heavily) so we stayed at home all day You haven’t cleaned the floor ………….(proper/ properly) It still …………(dirty/ dirtily) Oh,sorry I is still………… (dirty/ dirtily) You didn’t look very ……….(happy/ happily) last night Well, I was disappointed that I did so ……… (bad/ badly) in the exam – Can you remember what happen? - I can’t remember …….(clear/ clearly).It all happened so ………(sudden/ suddenly) Don’t go up that ladder It doesn’t look ……….(safe/ safely) - Don’t worry I’ll climb …………(careful/ carefully) Did you go to Sally’s birthday party? - Yes, It was really a ……… (cheerful/ cheerfully) party Everybody at the party was (colorful/ colorfully) dressed – Why you look so … (nervous/ nervously)? - Oh, my! I’ve just got a mistake I interrupted my boss while he was on the phone, and he looked at me (angry/ angrily) when I interrupted him 10 – Have you seen Richard ……… (recent/ recently)? - yes, I just met him at Rose’s party two days ago He seemed very (unhappy/ unhappily) He smiled … (sad/ sadly) at me when he saw me 11 I am staying in a very (comfortable/ comfortably) hotel in the South of France, near a (nicely/ nice) beach Unfortunately, it has been very (coldly/ cold) and the hotel itself is very (expensive/ expensively) 12 Another problem is that the chief cooks (badly/ bad) The food is not (delicious/ deliciously) and I have been (hungry/ hungrily) most of the time because I have had (great/ greatly) difficulty in finding anything (suitable/ suitably) on the menu 13 However, I have been very impressed by the (beautifully/ beautiful) surroundings and the (kind/ kindly) people It is true that I have suffered a bit from boredom but I always when I’m not (fully/ full) occupied Sometimes I feel (sleepy/ sleepily) in the middle of the day and have a (shortly/ short) nap, which I am very (thankfully/ thankful )for Unfortunately, I sleep quite (bad/ badly) at night because the people in the room next to me snore (terribly/ terrible) 14 Anyway, I’m leaving this Friday The driver will (probable/ probably) take me two or three days as long as the traffic isn’t too (bad/ badly) I’ll get in touch (immediately/ immediate) as soon as I get home and maybe we can arrange to meet up for the meal EXECISE Put in the adverbs: Emma’s toothache was terrible Emma’s tooth ached ………………………… Henry was angry Henry shouted …………………………… I’m happy sitting here I can sit here ………………………………………… He was very thoughtful standing there He stood there ……………………………………… The chidren seemed cheerful The children played ………………………………… The switch is automatic The machine switches itself off ………………………………… james is very good at speaking English James speaks English …………………………… The debate should be public We need to debate the matter …………………………… She was charming She walked …………………… In front of the audience 10 Everyone was enthusiastic Everyonr discussef the idea …………………………… 11 The man had a soft voice The man spoke ………………………… 12 Claire wears expensive clothes Claire dresses ……………………… 13 The runners made a low start They started the race ……………………… 14 The building has to be secure Did you lock all the doors ……………… 15 I had a strange dream last night I dreamed …………………………………… B Thành phần theo sau tính từ: Adjective + to + Vo (Tính từ theo sau động từ nguyên mẫu có to): Form: S + be chia + adj + to + Vo Ví dụ: It is interesting to learn English S be adj to + Vo Adjective + that-clause: Form: S + be chia + Adjective + That – clause (that + S + V) Trong “that-clause” bổ sung nghĩa cho adjective; mang nghĩa “rằng, là, mà” Ex: I am pleased that you are working hard adj that-clause Mệnh đề that (that- clause) thường đứng sau tính từ diễn tả cảm xúc, chắn: sad, pleased, excited, disappointed, delighted, glad, afraid, sorry, thankful, certain, sure, EXECISE Combine these sentences using Adj + that clause : He is worried His business is not going well -> He is worried that his business is not going well We were disappointed She didn’t keep her promise I’m sorry I came late The boss was angry I misplaced all the documents I am happy The article has been very well received We are glad You come His parents are pleased He won the best prize It is important She should accept the offer We are afraid The goods won’t be delivered on time I’m sure They will never give him a refund 10 It is necessary You are prudent EXECISE Make sentences with the words suggested: I / pleased / work hard -> I am pleased that you are working hard We / grateful / you / take / interest / us You / sure / her child / disappeared? No one / sorry / our manager / resigned Everybody / not surprised / they / divorce I / disappointed / you / not / see / me / yesterday We / thankful / she / nit tell / truth Children / excited / go / zoo / last Sunday We amuse / you / love / him I / glad / they / come / here 10 I / proud / my team / win / the first award of the competition II Adverb clauses of reason (mệnh đề trạng ngữ lý do): Mệnh đề trạng ngữ lý bắt đầu Because / Since / As nói lên lý việc thể qua mệnh đề Hai mệnh đề câu đổi chổ cho Ex: Ba is tired because / since / as he stayed up late watching TV Form: S + V … + because / since / as + S + V Because/ As/ Since + Mệnh đề (S+V): - We decided to leave early because/ as/ since the party was boring Because of + Danh từ/Cụm danh từ - We cancelled our flight because the weather was bad -> We cancelled our flight because of the bad weather Cách chuyển câu từ Because Because of: Quy tắc 1) Nếu chủ ngữ mệnh đề giống nhau, chung người vật => Bỏ chủ ngữ , động từ BE V thêm ING Because Tom got up late, he didn’t get to school on time => Because of getting up late, he didn’t get to school on time Quy tắc 2) Nếu chủ ngữ danh từ + be + tính từ => Đem tính từ đặt trước danh từ ,bỏ Động từ BE Because the rain is heavy, we didn’t go to school => Because of the heavy rain, we didn’t go to school Quy tắc 3) Nếu chủ ngữ đại từ người + be + tính từ => Đổi đại từ thành sỡ hửu ,đổi tính từ thành danh từ ,bỏ động từ BE Because He was sick, his mother took care of him => Because of his sickness; his mother took care of him Quy tắc 4) Nếu câu có dạng : there be + (số lượng) + danh từ Hoặc : S + have + (số lượng) + N =>-Thì bỏ there be , Because of + (số) + N Because there was an accident, we can’t go to work on time => Because of an accident, we can’t go to work on time Quy tắc 5) Nếu chủ ngữ đại từ người + động từ + trạng từ => Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, V thành danh từ ,trạng từ thành tính từ đặt trước danh từ Because He behaved politely, many girls like him => Because of his polite behavior, many girls like him EXERCISE Combine these sentences using BECAUSE/ AS/ SINCE: I’m going to the post office I have some postcards to send -> I’m going to the post office because/ as/ since I have some postcards to send Jane was worried She stayed at home alone …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Tom couldn’t get the job He was not confident during the interview …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I have to work extra hours I want to help support my family …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… We adore him He is very talented …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… She has to depend on us She is an orphan …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I enjoy reading books They help broaden my knowledge of the world …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Don’t believe him He is always being a liar …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I haven’t finished my assignment yet I don’t have enough materials …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… You must it right now It’s very urgent …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 I feel attracted to her Her voice is very sweet …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… EXERCISE Supply either BECAUSE or BECAUSE OF : It was difficult to deliver the letter ………………………… the wrong address We have to cut down on our driving ………………………….there is an oil shortage 3 Rescue attempts were temporarily stopped ………………… the bad weather They visited their friends often ……………………….they enjoyed their company Paul could not go to the football game …………………………his illness Marcella was awarded a scholarship …………………………her superior ability Nobody ventured outdoors …………………………the hurricane warnings We plan to spen our vacation in the mountains………………….the air is purer there We have to drive around the bay …………………………the bridge was destroyed in the storm 10 The chickens have died ……………………… the intense heat EXERCISE 13.Join the following pairs of sentences using because and because of: He didn’t go to school It was raining -> He didn’t go to school because it was raining -> He didn’t go to school because of the rain The student arrived late There was a traffic jam …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… We decided to leave early The party was boring …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… It was a public holiday All the shops were shut …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I lost my job I was ill …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… III Câu đề nghị, câu mời S + suggest + (that ) + S2 + should + Vo (chỉ S2 làm) S + suggest + Ving (S1 S2 làm) Why don’t we + Vo (S1 S2 làm) Why don’t you + Vo ( S2 làm) Let’s + Vo (S1 S2 làm) What about + Ving (S1 S2 làm) How about + Ving (S1 S2 làm) EXERCISE 1: Use the correct verb form : Lan suggested ………………………… to the zoo on the weekend (go) The movie is not interesting How about ……………………… to the concert ? (go) You don’t like Chinese food What about ……………………… English food ? (eat) Our teacher suggests ……………………… a meeting to discuss the problem (hold) Her former leader suggested that she ……………………… harder for the exam (train) I suggest that fans ……………………… instead of air conditioners (use) Would you like ……………………… milk or water ? (drink) What is the purpose of ……………………… energy-saving bulbs ? (use) Tom suggested ………………………… to the zoo by his father (take) 10 Our class suggested that the leader …………………… very good and patient (be) EXERCISE 2: Rewrite these sentences : Shall we use gas instead of burning coal ? I suggest …………………………………………… Shall we play badminton ? How ………………………………………………………………… What about buying energy-saving bulbs ? Shall ………………………………………………… Let’s use electricity economically Why don’t ………………………………………………… Why don’t you ask her yourself ? I suggest you ………………………………………………… I suggest decorating our classroom again →I suggest our ………………………………………………………… What about organizing a charity event to raise money ? I suggest a charity ………………………………………………………………………………… I suggest that helmet should be used to protect our heads What ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Let’s organize a cultural festival to celebrate Lunar New Year I suggest a ………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 I suggest unused clothes should be collected for the victims →What about ……………………………………… 11 “Why not take the garbage to recycling centers ?” said the local authorities The local authorities suggested garbage ………………………………………………………… 12 “Shall we go to the English speaking club ?” Andrew said Andrew suggested ………………………………………………………………………………… 13 “Why don’t you put an advertisement in this local newspaper ?” they said to me They suggested that an advertisement …………………………………………………………… 14 “Why don’t you repair the electric fan, Nam” Ba asked →Ba suggested ………………………………………… 15 “Let’s not tell anyone until we are certain that the report is true”, said Tom Tom suggested …………………………………………………………………………………… ... danh từ đại từ Eg: - She spoke softly (trạng từ softly bổ nghĩa cho động từ thường speak) - He runs fast (trạng từ fast bổ nghĩa cho động từ thường run) - She answered me coldly - It is terribly... sentences using because and because of: He didn’t go to school It was raining -> He didn’t go to school because it was raining -> He didn’t go to school because of the rain The student arrived late... danh từ shirt bổ nghĩa cho danh từ shirt ) Ex: - She is intelligent - He looks happy a Adverbs(trạng từ): Ex: He is a good student He studies well => Trạng từ có chức bổ nghĩa cho tất từ loại ngoại