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1 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VIETNAM INSTITUTE OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES NGUYEN VAN CAO MANAGING NON-PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS IN HANOI IN THE CURRENT PERIOD Major : Educational management Code : 9.14.01.14 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS HANOI, 2020 The research is complete at The Vietnam Institute of Educational Sciences Superviors: Prof.Dr Tran Cong Phong Assoc.Prof.Dr Pham Minh Muc Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3: This thesis shall be defended at the Thesis Examination Committee at Institute level, The Vietnam National Institute of Educational Sciences, 101 Tran Hung Dao street, Ha Noi at ……… h……… dated ……… year ……… This thesis is available at: - National Library of Vietnam - Library of the Vietnam National Institute of Educational Sciences PREFACE Reasons to select the subject Implementing the Decision no.: 20/2005/QD-BGDDT dated 24/6/2005 of Ministry of Education and Training on approving the Project “Education Socialization Development Planning for period of 2005-2010”, in which: “Percentages of children in non-public nurseries and non-public kindergartens are about 80% and 70% respectively; Percentage of nonpublic primary pupils is 1%; Percentages of non-public secondary pupils and high school pupils are about 3.5% and 40% respectively [9] Non-public education development is the very one of current education socialization policies In fact, in NPHs were born, have been operating and developing in a considerable scale in all regions of the country Hanoi is one of leading localities in pushing up education and training socialization, for alone high school grades, there have been so far 105 NPHs (296 schools nationwide - according to statistical report of in the beginning 2016-2017 from Ministry of Education and Training) In which, there are many NPHs having confirmed their position, role and training quality to pupils’ parents on the Hanoi capital city and neighborhoods For high selfcontrol, yet considering investment and cost, NPHs are becoming attractive addresses for social resources, improving investment and diversifying educational investment modes However, it is easily seen a lot of inadequacies in NPH sector such as: Unreasonable planning: concentrated in inner city and thinly in outskirts; education quality is still low except for some long operation schools which are synchronously invested in facilities, team of teachers, staff; especially, management work of NPH type still encounters difficulties, is embarrassed by planning, development orientation, implementation organization, assessment inspection of activities as well as education quality, etc This is also a problem posed by reality on education management agencies in Hanoi City about development management required for NPHs so as to meet learning needs of people at present and contribute to improving quality of educational system of the capital city For the said above reasons, the subject: "Management of NPHs in Hanoi in current stage" is researched by us as doctoral thesis Research objectives Based on researched theory and real state management survey for NPHs in Hanoi, solutions are recommended to improve management quality of NPHs with an aim to ensure complete development and improve education efficiency of each NPHs in Hanoi City in current stage Research object and subject - Research object: NPHs’ management in Hanoi City - Research subject: State management for public high schools in Hanoi City Research tasks 4.1 Systematize theoretical foundation of state management for NPHs 4.2 Assess actual state management situation for NPHs in Hanoi City 4.3 Recommend and test state management measures for NPHs in Hanoi City Scientific hypothesis Implementation of state management for NPHs in Hanoi City over the past years created strong steps in developing quantity of schools, however, there are still limitations in issues such as: size of schools, human resource quality, facilities, teaching equipment and quality of teaching, educational activities in schools If complete, appropriate, effective management solutions are recommended to fulfill role of state management agencies for NPHs, they will contribute to development and implementation of educational quality in NPHs in Hanoi City Scope of research 6.1 Scope ofresearch content The Thesis focuses on clarifying role, responsibilities, content of state management for NPHs in Hanoi City 6.2 Limit of research area The Thesis focuses research on state management for NPHs (excluding schools having foreign factors) The Thesis investigates the actual state management situation of NPHs including: Vinschool, Doan Thi Diem, Lomonosov, Olympia, Nguyen Binh Khiem, Luong The Vinh, etc 6.3 Limit of surveyed objects: Managers of Hanoi Department of Education and Training: 20 persons Managers of NPHs: 100 persons Teachers of NPHs: 200 persons Approach and methodology 7.1 Approach: Systematic approach, functional and management decentralization approach, management content approach 7.2 Methodology: 7.2.1 Theory based methodology: 7.2.2 Practice based methodology: Questionnaire survey method, Observation method, Expert method 7.2.3 Supplementary methods Theoretical points to be defended Effective implementation of state management for NPHs will consequently improve educational quality of schools, contribute to implementation of policies on educational socialization, diversification of educational modes, school types and meeting learning needs of people State management for NPHs is implementing functions of policy making, network planning, plan making, activities organization and inspection, check of operation aspects of the schools The recommended solutions must ensure appropriateness, synchrony, efficiency to improve key role of state management agencies in education, since then improve educational quality of NPHs to meet need of people in the context of very high and uneven urbanization speed between areas of Hanoi City New contributions of the Thesis - Contribute to developing theoretical issues on management of NPHs in the context of market economy and increasing urbanization Develop the perspective of constructing non-public schools attached to the needs of local residential community and social demand - Survey, analyze, generalize and assess development reality, management reality of NPHs in Hanoi City Determine strengths, inadequacies, opportunities and challenges in school management of NPHs While determine objective and subjective causes having impacts on development of NPHs in Hanoi -Recommend school management for NPHs inHanoi to ensure synchrony, efficiency, enhance competitiveness and meet needs of learners and local residential community in the progress of national industrialization, modernization and globalization 10 The Thesis structure Beside preface and conclusion, recommendations, the thesis comprises of chapters: Chapter 1: Theoretical foundation on NPHs management in current context Chapter 2: Real situation of NPHs management in Hanoi City in current context Chapter 3: Solutions for NPHs management in Hanoi City in current context CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL FOUNDATION ON MANAGEMENT OF NPHS 1.1 Overview on issue research 1.1.1 Overseas researches 1.1.2 Domestic researches It can be seen from above researches, non-public schools have long development history and indispensable in any country of the world NPHs born meets the adjustment and innovation of Vietnam's educational system in the conditions of economy transformation and world integration, affirms the correctness and school type diversification policy and self-control increase policy for all education and training establishments It is seen via research overview, there were a lot of both domestic and overseas researches on NPHs and NPHs management However, in the context of economic development, very quick urbanization in Hanoi City, there have been few researches on state management solutions for NPHs So, it is now an urgent task to research in order to recommend management solutions for NPHs to meet socio-economic development need in general, NPH educational development of the city in particular 1.2 Basic concepts 1.2.1 NPH A non-public school is an education establishment invested and founded by an individual or organization (shareholder/s) within legal framework, with an aim to contribute to develop network of educational establishments in national educational system, fulfill national educational goals and tasks A non-public school operates mainly relying on the source of income from tuition collected, aid and in some cases from investment for profit of businesses A non-public school may be a profit or non-profit school 1.2.2 Management Management is an oriented, planned activity of a managing subject in order to control action of organization members to obtain set out targets in the most efficient manner 1.2.3 State management In a broad sense, state management is the impact of a managing subjectstate authorities-on any organization and individuals in the whole society In a narrow sense, state management is the administrative management that the government (an executive branch), on behalf of the state executes and ensured with the state’s enforcing, which is the executive action (excluding legislative and judicial) 1.2.4 State management in term of education State management in term of education is implementing functions, tasks, authority stipulated by the State Educational management and state management in education from central to localities are in fact administrative - educational activities It has two inter-penetrated aspects, namely administrative management of educational cause and professional management during teaching 1.3 NPHs in national educational system 1.3.1 Position of NPHs in national educational system NPHs belong to general education grade in the national educational system of Vietnam High school education is the final grade of general education, an extremely important stage that pupils need to sufficiently cumulate general knowledge and personality values to prepare for a new education grade or entering a labor life 1.3.2 Role, significance of a NPH A NPH is a typical educational socialization, mobilizing social resources to invest in education, creating motivation for education-training cause development; in line with commodities economy, under socialist -oriented market mechanism, meets the requirements for the national cause of industrialization, modernization 1.3.3 Functions, tasks of NPHs Functions, tasks of NPHs, Article 65 - Law on Education 2005 and Charter of secondary schools, high schools and multi grade schools, promulgated under the Circular No 12/2011/TT-BGDDT dated 28/3/2011 of the Ministry of Education and Training 1.3.4 Features of NPHs 1.3.4.1 Mission, vision, development strategy 1.3.4.2 Organization structure, human resource According to Article 6, the Circular 13/2011/TT-BGDDT dated 28/3/2011 of the Ministry of Education and Training on Organization and operation of primary schools, secondary schools, high schools and multi grade schools of private type 1.3.4.3 Teaching and educational activities in non-public highschools Teaching and educational activities out of class-hours in NPHs are carried out according to regulations in school’s Charter 1.3.4.4 Conditions of facilities, finance in schools A private high school is responsible for ensuring conditions of facilities, equipment accordance with regulations of its Charter and regulations of teaching equipment promulgated by the Ministry of Education and Training For financial regime, a private high school operates under principles of voluntary contribution, self-control in finance, self-balance in expense and receipt; implementing regulations of the laws on accounting, auditing, obligations to the state budget and other applicable regulations 1.4 Some models in NPH management 1.4.1 School based management model 1.4.2 Self-control oriented management model 1.5 Socio-economic context and requirements on basic comprehensive education innovation of Hanoi City 1.5.1 Socio-economic context of Hanoi City Hanoi is a centrally controlled city having the largest land area since Ha Tay province was merged with, and the second ranked locality in population with more than million (in ), however, if the unregistered residents are counted, the actual figure in2019 was nearly 10 million Population density of Hanoi is 2,398 persons/km², traffic density is 105.2 vehicles km² road surface At present, Hanoi is a special type city of Vietnam In 2019, Hanoi is an administrative unit of Vietnam ranked the 02nd in term of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), the 08th in GRDP per capital income, the 41th in growth speed GRDP 1.5.2 Requirements of basic comprehensive innovation in education and training Basic, comprehensive innovation in education and training is innovating major, core, urgent issues, from view, directive ideology to goals, contents, methods, mechanism, policies, conditions ensuring performance; Transforming education and training from quantity based into quality and efficiency based, and meeting demand in term of quantity Educational innovation to open direction, flexible, articulation between grades, qualifications and between educational and training methods 1.5.3 High school educational innovation Comprehensive improvement of education quality, focus on education on ideology, tradition, ethics, lifestyle, foreign languages, informatics, capacity and practice skills, application of knowledge into reality Develop a network of high schools of sufficient quantity, enhance educational quality; Develop a network of NPH by 2020 meeting at least 40% learning needs of pupils completing secondary school program; Enhance investments in term of facilities and professional qualification, step by step develop to keep pace with public high schools in terms of scale and quality of education 1.6 State management for NPHs 1.6.1 Functions, tasks, role of Department of Education and Training in management of NPHs People's Committee of province/city assigns the Department of Education and Training some tasks of state management in education and training and to be responsible to the provincial People’s Committee for education and training activities in the province Implementing state management contents of provincial level in education is done in accordance with guides of the central and province The Department of Education and Training is a direct management agency to NPHs, which is implemented according to legal normative documents and decentralized administrative management 1.6.2 State management content for NPHs 1.6.2.1 Set up development planning and operation policies for NPHs Based on educational development needs in the areas of residents and socio-economic conditions The People’s Committee of province, city approved the planning of network of schools in the province,city including NPHs Based on the planning strategy and implementation plan of periodic and annual basis for non-public education, the Department of Education and Training set up development orientation of NPHs as ground for all levels, branches and the people to organize implementation The People's Committee of province, city based on conditions for opening NPHs, considers granting operational license, appointing managers, recognizing Board of Directors 1.6.2.2 Enrollment management and learners management * Enrollment The Department of Education assigns the dedicated division to approve enrollment plan of schools and NPHs on annual basis The Department of Education and Training promulgates guide on annual enrollment, in which clearly stipulates on: enrolled objects, admission location, admission time, method of admission, enrollment record and process, etc Learners management The Department of Education and Training requests NPHs to regularly report on size of classes, quantity of pupils, study results and extracurricular activities results on periodical basis, as well, check study situation of pupils on periodical basis 1.6.2.3 Management of teaching and educational activities * Management of teaching activities: Direct NPHs to implement teaching contents, methods, teaching plans that attach the most importance to correct, sufficient teaching of the programs prescribed by the Ministry of Education and Training for each subject, each grade 11 The data collected through the survey forms was aggregated and processed on SPSS statistical software 2.3 Results of assessment of current situation of NPHs in Hanoi 2.3.1 Awareness of the role of NPHs Most of the administrators and teachers highly appreciate the role and position of the NPHs Particularly, they have been creating favorable conditions to attract investors (individuals or corporations) to participate in education, and parents also have more opportunities to choose the types of schools 2.3.2 Missions, visions, and development strategies Statistics show that the current situation of missions, visions, and development strategies of NPHs in Hanoi is assessed to have a low response level with an average score of 2.20 The fact is that the majority of NPHs are interested in building their missions, visions, and educational philosophies, but it is only done well in a number of schools such as Vinschool, Doan Thi Diem, and Nguyen Binh Khiem 2.3.3 Administrators, teachers, and employees Of the total 98 NPHs, there are 191 administrators and 3,017 teachers.100% of administrators and teachers meet the standards; however, the percentage of the schools’ fulltime teachers is still very low Another issue that needs attention is that only teachers' qualifications are standardized, while other criteria for foreign languages, information technology, and active teaching are still limited 2.3.4 Teaching and educational activities Most schools strictly observe the curriculum and education programs as prescribed by the Ministry of Education and Training Some schools carry out international educational programs such as English and Informatics programs with native teachers, or English Maths, such as Doan Thi Diem High School, Vinschool, Olympia High School, However, regarding suburban schools, this content is still limited Due to the conditions of facilities, finance, tuition fees, and size of annual enrollment, after-school educational activities at NPHs have not been paid much attention 2.3.5 Material and financial conditions Regarding the class size, the number of students in each class ranges from 27 to 33, that meet the requirements as prescribed Regarding the infrastructure and land for school construction, it is a very big problem with only 50% of NPHs having stable school facilities Meanwhile, the remaining 50% of schools are either renting facilities or temporary organizing in other educational establishments 12 2.4 Current situation of management of NPHs in Hanoi 2.4.1 Development planning and operational policies for NPHs N o Content s Survey of the number of students in residential areas Survey and assessment of learning needs in residential areas Coordinatio n with professional agencies in developmen t planning for NPH education Promulgati on of policies to encourage and support individuals and collectives wishing to open NPHs Conduction of field surveys and licensing for NPHs as prescribed Appointme nt of administrat ors and recognition of Board of Directors Level of achievements Good Fair Average Underaverage Q % ty X´ Rankin g Q ty % Q ty % Q ty % 37 21 96 56 37 21 0 3.0 31 18 78 45 61 35 0 2.8 33 19 82 48 55 32 0 2.8 32 18 80 47 58 34 0 2.8 5 35 20 91 53 44 25 0 2.9 0 3.0 38 22 96 56 36 21 13 N o Content s Level of achievements Good Q ty Fair % Q ty Average % Q ty % Underaverage Q % ty X´ Rankin g for NPHs Average score: 2.4.2 Admission and student management The admission and student management at NPHs in Hanoi is quite well implemented Every year, the Department of Education and Training sends full-time officials to conduct direct surveys at NPHs and residential areas Based on the proposals and consideration of the school's response, the Department issues admission quotas for each NPH The processes of admission notice issuance, entrance examination organization, and admission consideration and publicity during the admission process are closely directed 2.4.3 Management of teaching and educational activities The level of management of teaching and educational activities at NPHs in Hanoi is not high with an average score of 2.92 A number of contents are well implemented, such as: Direction of schools to meet the objectives and curriculums (3.08); or Direction of schools to renovate teaching methods and forms (2.98) Professional consultation and training for NPHs is also the content done quite often along with professional training activities for teachers and administrators of NPHs throughout the city 2.4.4 Management of administrators, teachers, and employees The level of management of administrators, teachers, and employees at NPHs is not high with an average score of 2.85 Directiion of professional activities, teaching contests, employee competitions, experience initiatives, teaching aids, professional talks, scientific conferences to improve the capacity of teachers and employees at NPHs is considered the highest with an average score of 2.91, ranking 1/6 This is the content that the Department of Education and Training provides general guidance for both public and NPH teachers throughout the city 2.4.5 Management of financial activities and facilities The level of management of financial activities and facilities at NPHs is fairly good with an average score of 2.89 The Department of Education and Training appraises the conditions of teaching equipment and facilities of NPHs as prescribed and directs the schools to comply with the regimes of 14 “Head - Chief accountant - Treasurer” - the contents with the best performance level with average score of 2.96 and 2.92 respectively These are the contents that are regularly implemented by the Department of Education and Training, from appraising conditions for opening, licensing, recognition of NHPs, annual admission, or national standard school recognition, to directing to publicize financial revenues and expenditures 2.4.6 Management of educational socialization activities The survey results show that the level of management of educational socialization activities at NPHs in Hanoi is not high with an average score of 2.81 Promulgation of documents guiding implementation of educational socialization for NPHs is considered the highest with an average score of 2.85 A number of contents that are considered inefficient include: Timely support policies for NPHs, handling of issues that arise during the implementation of educational socialization 2.4.7 Inspection and examination work The level of inspection and examination over NHPs is not high with an average score of 2.90 Development of NPH inspection plans, including specific inspection contents (2.97) and establishment inspection delegations and inspector training (2.93) are the two issues that have the best performance level This is an activity regularly carried out by state management agencies in education However, regular examination and diversification of examination contents and forms are still limited 2.4.8 Factors affecting the management of NPHs in Hanoi The stability of financial resources has the largest impact with an average of 3.46, ranking 1/7 Students’ learning need is also a decisive factor in the existence and development of NPHs with an average score of 3.44, ranking 2/7 The system of state management documents for the operation of NPHs is a factor affecting the state management of NPHs The capacity of the management staff is also a factor that has a great influence on the management of high schools and high schools, especially the competency of the managers of the Department of Education and Training and the capacity of administrators of the Department of Training and Education and those at NPHs 2.5 General assessment on the current situation of management of NPHs in Hanoi 2.5.1 Strengths - The current situation of NPHs has confirmed the correctness of educational socialization policies 15 - The establishment of schools and recognition of the Board of Directors and principals of NPHs have been strictly implemented as prescribed - The Department of Education and Training has directed NPHs to increase investment in facilities, equipment, and other conditions to ensure good preparation for the new school year admission as guided - The Department of Education and Training has directed the school to strictly implement the financial work under the principle of “Threepublicity” as guided - The Department of Education and Training has regularly instructed the schools to strictly implement the programs prescribed by the Ministry of Education and Training - The Department of Education and Training has directed to promote professional activities to improve the comprehensive quality of education at the schools - The inspection, examination, and assessment of the quality of NPHs continue to be strengthened in recent school years 2.5.2 Weakness and limitations - The planning for the NPH network in the city is not suitable for the population size due to the city’s rapid population growth rate - The management is still inadequate in terms of orientation, planning, promulgation of policies and regimes, licensing and revocation, educational content and quality management, and inspection and examination work - The documents and policies related to educational socialization to create a legal corridor is still incomplete and not favorable to encourage domestic and foreign investors to invest in the development of education and training - The monitoring of revenue and expenditure management still faces difficulties due to NPHs’ contractual revenues and expenditures - The inspection, examination, and post-licensing follow-up are not regular, even delayed in directing and handling violations as prescribed The effectiveness of inspection is still low - The management capacity of many schools is weak as they run the empirical management method that is not creative and innovative, while the quality of education and training is not guaranteed, business-oriented, , causing a lot of frustration in the public opinion - The NPHs’ number of fulltime teachers is still small, but, more importantly, their leaders have not paid much attention to investing in increasing such number Conclusion of Chapter 16 Although there have been many efforts in development investment, the NPH system also reveals several limitations The current situation of of the state management of NPHs is surveyed under the following contents: Development planning, promulgation of policies, admission and student management, management of teaching and education activities, management of administrators, teachers, and employees, management of financial activities and facilities, and management of educational socialization The NPH management activities have been closely directed, but still faced many difficulties and limitations, especially the in the fields of development planning, administrator and teacher management, education socialization, teaching and educational activities, and inspection CHAPTER SOLUTIONS FOR MANAGEMENT OF NPHS IN HANOI TO MEET THE CURRENT DEVELOPMENT REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Principles for proposal of solutions 3.2 Solutions for management of NPHs in Hanoi 3.2.1 Solution 1: Developing roper planning for a NPH network 3.2.1.1 Goals The solution of proper planning for a NPH network in Hanoi in the current period is aimed at: Developing a system of NPHs to meet the requirements of the city's overall development plan for high school education; being suitable with socio-economic conditions, population density of each district; and reviewing and closing NPHs that not ensure the conditions of facilities, teaching staff, and education quality 3.2.1.2 Contents of the solution and implementation method Forecasting the population development and school attendance in each district Assessing the current situation and forecasting economic development conditions of each district Assessing the current sizes of the public and NPHs in the city Proposing the sizes and network of high schools in the city Based on the census data, forecasting the number of high school students in each period, socio-economic conditions, people's income levels; sizes of high schools in each district, including the opening of new schools and relocation of old ones 3.2.1.3 Conditions for the solution to be implemented 17 3.2.2 Solution 2: Developing and completing policies and legal documents for NPH development 3.2.2.1 Goals The main purpose is to create a legal corridor to effectively manage and improve the capacity of the city state management agencies over the NPH system so that decisions will not depend too much on subjective thoughts and wills of the leaders At the same time, it is to create more favorable conditions for investors through administrative procedure reform in licensing for establishment of NPHs 3.2.2.2 Contents of the solution and implementation method - Reviewing and assessing documents from the central to the city related to NPHs on specific aspects - Building a system of documents from the city to the localities and documents of the education and training sector and related industries to create an open legal corridor and favorable administrative procedures for investment in NPHs - Supporting NPHs in terms of investment, direct exemption and reduction of a number of current taxes, regimes for teachers and administrators, and regimes for students of NPHs - Decentralizing and delegating autonomy and self-determination to NPHs in terms of admission, tuition, personnel, and development of education plans - Developing criteria for annual quality accreditation for NPHs and sanctions for handling violations of NPHs 3.2.2.3 Conditions for the solution to be implemented 3.2.3 Solution 3: Directing NPHs to focus on implementing policies on training and fostering teachers and administrators 3.2.3.1 Goals The Educational state management agencies direct the schools to focus on fostering and improving the professional skills of administrators and teachers to overcome the current inadequacies in both staffing quantity and quality at NPHs 3.2.3.2 Contents of the solution and implementation method - Directing NPHs to implement policies for recruiting administrators and teachers to meet their educational requirements and goals - The provincial and city educational state management agencies well implement the annual training and fostering policies to develop the 18 contingent of teachers and administrators to meet the educational development requirements and goals of the sector - Directing NPHs to actively implement training and fostering activities to develop the contingent of teachers and administrators to meet their development goals 3.2.3.3 Conditions for the solution to be implemented 3.2.4 Solution 4: Directing the effective implementation of socialization policies in the development of NPHs 3.2.4.1 Goals Strengthening the leadership of the Party, the direction of the People's Committees at all levels, and departments and sectors to link social forces to create a positive influence on the educational socialization; gathering social forces to participate in building the educational environment from infrastructure, landscape, and social discipline and supporting the schools to organize extracurricular and social activities 3.2.4.2 Contents of the solution and implementation method - Building a mechanism for the coordination among the authorities, schools, families, and social forces in participating in education - Strengthening the development and completion of policies for implementation of educational socialization to suit with the reality of Hanoi - Developing a feasible detailed socialization plan for each management level and each NPH 3.2.4.3 Conditions for the solution to be implemented 3.2.5 Solution 5: Strictly controlling the exercise of autonomy and social accountability at NPHs 3.2.5.1 Goals Strengthening the implementation control role of the Department of Education and Training to minimize negative effects to ensure that NPHs not deviate from the socialist orientation and create barriers to to creative development of the schools 3.2.5.2 Contents of the solution and implementation method - Developing operational orientation mechanism for NPHs towards increasing autonomy and social accountability - Strengthening the control of the Department of Education and Training over the autonomy and self-responsibility of NPHs Educational state management agencies should oversee difficulties and shortcomings in the implementation process to propose measures for supporting and timely handling to ensure the correctness in the operation process of the schools 19 The educational state management agencies need to have a unified cooperation with each other in controlling the activities of NPHs to achieve educational goals and management objectives 3.2.5.3 Conditions for the solution to be implemented 3.2.6 Solution 6: Strengthening inspection and examination of NPHs 3.2.6.1 Goals Promoting the effectiveness of the educational state management agencies to point out the strengths and weaknesses for NPHs to promote and rectify in organizing educational activities At the same time, helping NPHs have future development orientations 3.2.6.2 Contents of the solution and implementation method - State management agencies should stipulate the regimes and responsibilities for inspection, examination, and handling of violations under their respective functions and competence over NPHs At the same time, they should promote democracy at the grassroots to supervise the management work at all levels in accordance with the provisions of the central government and of ministries and sectors - Consolidating organizational structure and contingent of inspectors in education - Seriously inspecting and directing NPHs in the city in implementing the “Regulation on organization and operation of private schools” issued by the Ministry of Education and Training - Institutionalizing to create a legal corridor to promote the supervisory role of the community, socio-political organizations, and professional associations on the operational quality of NPHs in the city - Developing a system of quality assurance criteria to suit the actual situation in the city and well implementing the quality accreditation process for the NPH system in the city as prescribed 3.3.6.3 Conditions for the solution to be implemented * Relationship between proposed solutions The solutions have a close, interaction, and support relationship The state management agencies should synchronously implement management solutions to bring about the best effect In particular, the school network planning is a prerequisite measure, and it is necessary to improve the policy system to create a legal corridor for attracting investment and favorable development of the NPH system It is also required to develop the contingent of administrators and teachers, and inspection is a necessary and sufficient condition to ensure the quality of education at NPHs in Hanoi 3.3 Testing of the urgency and feasibility of the proposed solutions 20 - Testing purposes: Confirming the urgency and feasibility of management solutions for NPHs in Hanoi - Testing subjects: Leaders and experts of Hanoi Department of Education and Training and key administrators and teachers at NPHs (Quantity: 50 people) - Test method: The test is conducted by in-depth interviews and surveys via opinion polls provided to leaders and administrators at the Department of Education & Training and NPHs * Regarding the urgency The data table shows that the proposed solutions are highly assessed for their urgency with an average score of 2.45 Of which, Strengthening inspection and examination of NPHs is the measure of the highest urgency with an average score of 2.50 Directing NPHs to focus on implementing policies on training and fostering teachers and administrators is the second most urgent measure with an average score of 2.48 * Regarding the feasibility: The proposed solutions are also highly assessed for their feasibility with an average score of 2.32 Strengthening policies on training and fostering to develop NPH teachers and administrators is the most feasible measure with an average score of 2.38 Strengthening inspection and examination of NPHs is also a highly feasible measure of with an average score of 2.36 The remaining measures are less feasible because they require a long time for pilot and mass deployment With r = 0.77, it can be conclude that the above correlation is positive and coherent This means that the proposed measures are assessed as urgent and feasible 3.4 Experiment of proposed solutions 3.4.1 Overview of the experimental process 3.4.1.1 Experiment purposes The dissertation experiment the solution on Strengthening policies on training and fostering to develop NPH teachers and administrators to assess the science, feasibility, and effectiveness of proposed solutions Since then, it is a scientific basis to carry out the solutions in practice of management of NPHs in Hanoi 3.4.1.2 Experimental hypodissertation If the solution on “Directing NPHs to focus on implementing policies on training and fostering teachers and administrators” is applied, it will enhance the capacity of the administrators and teachers at NPHs in Hanoi and contribute to improving the quality of education of each school 21 3.4.1.3 Experiment subjects: The dissertation experiments on 20 administrators and 50 teachers of NPHs 3.4.1.4 Experiment contents - Directing the implementation of capacity building for NPH administrators - Directing the implementation of capacity building for NPH teachers 3.5.1.4 Method of implementation - Implementing organization: Hanoi Department of Education and Training directs Hanoi School of Educational Official Training to implement directly - The training program is divided into phases for target groups 3.4.2 Experiment results 3.4.2.1 Surveying the competencies of NPH administrators and teachers before participating in the experiment The results of self-assessment of the competencies of NPH administrators participating in the experiment are still not high with an average score of 3.01 In particular, some competencies are well implemented, such as facilities management (3.30) and admission management (3.20) The competencies of NPH teachers before the experiment are assessed at a low level by the teachers themselves with an score of 2.99 Of which, teaching competency is assessed at the highest with an average score of 3.22, ranking 1/7 3.5.2.2 Surveying the competencies of NPH administrators and teachers after participating in the experiment After the experiment, the competencies of NPH administrators are increased with an average score of 3.18 The competencies are all assessed by the participants as having better results After the experiment, the competencies of NPH teachers are assessed to increase significantly, from 2.99 to 3.12 In which, all competencies have higher average scores than before the experiment The well-performed competencies include teaching competency and admission advise competency Thus, after the implementation of the management solutions, the results of assessment of the competency criteria of the administrators and teachers after the experiment have better results than before Conclusion of Chapter Originating from the theoretical basis and practice of management of NPHs in Hanoi, the dissertation recommends six solutions to stabilize 22 and develop the NPH system in Hanoi Solutions include the goals, contents, implementation methods, and specific implementation conditions The measures have a close relationship, supporting each other, and ensuring unified implementation The author tests the opinions of experts, and the results show that the proposed solutions are urgent and feasible Initial experiment results show that, when there are management impacts, the competencies of NPH administrators and teachers after the experiment is higher than before CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusions Based on the literature research, the dissertation develops a theoretical system, including the theory of NPHs and theory of NPH state management The dissertation focuses on analyzing the contents of NPH state management, including development planning, policy promulgation, admission and student management, teaching and educational activity management, human resource management, financial and facility management, and educational socialization management At the same time, the author analyzes the factors affecting the NPH management, including the objective and subjective factors The current situation of NPH state management: The NPH management activities are closely followed, but still facing many difficulties and limitations, especially in the areas of planning, legal documents, human resources, educational socialization, teaching and educational activities, and inspection At the same time, the dissertation also assesses the current situation of the factors affecting the educational state management over NPHs in Hanoi in the current period The dissertation proposes solutions for NPH state management These solutions are tested on urgency and feasibility The testing results show that most of the referees agree with the solutions developed by the author of the dissertation Recommendations 2.1 To Hanoi City People's Committee - Hanoi People's Committee should send petitions to the Government and Ministry of Education and Training to promulgate the Decree on construction and operation of NPHs - Hanoi People's Committee should issue the decision on supplementing the task of NPH management for the Department of Education and Training 23 - Hanoi People's Committee should formulate mechanisms and policies to create clear and open environment to attract investment in the NPH system - There should be specific guidelines and measures to build a contingent of officials and teachers working at NPHs - The city should spend more clean land for investors to build schools at all levels in the form of socialization 2.2 To the Department of Education and Training - The Department of Education and Training should submit and request Hanoi People's Committee to consider and issue “Provisions on management of non-public educational establishments in their respective localities” - The Director of the Department should consider and issue the decision on “Regulations on assignment of the task of NPH management to the Office of Education and Training Department of districts and offices and branches of the Department of Education and training" - The Department of Education and Training should promulgate guiding documents and clear procedures to encourage investment and enhance the operational efficiency of NPHs THE AUTHOR’S RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS Nguyen Van Cao, Planning the network of nonpublic high schools in Hanoi – Some imperative issues, Journal of Education, Special issue, 07/2015 Nguyen Van Cao, The development of non-public high schools in Hanoi in the recent time, Journal of Education, Volume 416, 10/2017 Nguyen Van Cao, Management of developing nonpublic high school teachers in Hanoi, Journal of Education, Special issue, 08/2018 Nguyen Van Cao, Reality on management of nonpublic high schools in Hanoi, Vietnam Journal of Educational Sciences, Volume 15, 03/2019 ... Committee of province/city assigns the Department of Education and Training some tasks of state management in education and training and to be responsible to the provincial People’s Committee... by the author of the dissertation Recommendations 2.1 To Hanoi City People's Committee - Hanoi People's Committee should send petitions to the Government and Ministry of Education and Training... - Hanoi People's Committee should issue the decision on supplementing the task of NPH management for the Department of Education and Training 23 - Hanoi People's Committee should formulate mechanisms