Lecture An introduction to collective bargaining and industrial relations (4e) – Chapter 1: A framework for analyzing collective bargaining and industrial relations

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Lecture An introduction to collective bargaining and industrial relations (4e) – Chapter 1: A framework for analyzing collective bargaining and industrial relations

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Chapter 1 - A framework for analyzing collective bargaining and industrial relations. The main contents of the chapter consist of the following: The Participants, assumptions about labor and conflict, the three levels of industrial relations activity, the institutional perspective, the performance of collective bargaining, the plan of the book.

Chapter A Framework for Analyzing  Collective Bargaining and  Industrial Relations McGraw­Hill/Irwin An Introduction to Collective Bargaining & Industrial Relations, 4e  Copyright © 2008  The McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 1 ­ 3 1 ­3 The Participants • Management • Labor • Government 1 ­ 4 1 ­4 Management ­ Responsible for promoting the goals of employers  and their organizations ­ Composed of at least three groups: • Owners and shareholders • Top executives and line managers • Industrial relations and human resource staff  professionals 1 ­ 5 1 ­5 Labor • Encompasses both employees and the unions that  represent them • Employees influence whether the firm meets its  objectives • Shapes the growth and demands of unions 1 ­ 6 Assumptions About Labor and  Conflict • Labor is more than just a commodity ­ Some acquired skills are of unique value to the  employer ­ Skills may not be easily marketable ­ Not always easy to change jobs • A Multiple Interest Perspective ­ Industrial relations policies must consider both  employer and employee interests 1 ­6 1 ­ 7 1 ­7 The Inherent Nature of Conflict ­ There is an inherent conflict of interest between  employer and employees ­ It is economic, not pathological ­ Arises from a clash of economic interests • Workers seek higher pay and job security • Employers pursue profits ­ Society has an interest in limiting the intensity of  work conflicts 1 ­ 8 1 ­8 Common as Well as Conflicting Interests • Both management and labor can benefit from  increasing productivity ­ It can produce both higher wages and higher  profits • No single best objective satisfies all parties ­ Successful relationships occur when both parties  resolve issues and pursue joint gains 1 ­ 9 1 ­9 Trade­Offs among Conflicting Goals • Focusing on any single goal is inappropriate ­ It would destroy collective bargaining as an  instrument for accommodating the multiple  interests of workers and employers  • Unions would not survive if suppressed • Management could not compete in the global  market with excessive labor costs 1 ­ 10 1 ­10 The Three Levels of Industrial Relations  Activity • Strategic Level ­ Strategies and structures of long­term influence • Functional Level ­ The process and outcomes of collective  bargaining • Workplace ­ The daily union/employer interaction and  contract administration 1 ­ 11 Conceptual framework for the study of  collective bargaining 1 ­11 1 ­ 12 1 ­12   The Institutional Perspective • Developed by “institutional” economist John  Commons ­ the father of industrial relations • Described as “a shift from commodities, individuals,  and exchanges to transactions and working rules of  collective action” • Placed great value on negotiation and  compromise  among the divergent interests 1 ­ 13 1 ­13 Sidney and Beatrice Webb • Institutionalists in the U.S. were influenced by these  two British economists & reformists • They rejected Marx’s theory that exploitation of  workers would lead to the overthrow of the system • They shared Marx’s belief that workers have unequal  bargaining power and needed protection • Institutionalists advocated legislation for the right to  join unions, and workplace issues such as safety,  health, child labor laws,  and minimum wages 1 ­ 14 The Performance of Collective  Bargaining 1 ­14 • Measured by how well it serves the parties and the  public ­ Labor’s Goals: Wages, benefits, safety conditions,  and employee satisfaction, and quality of life ­ Management’s Goals: Costs, productivity, profit,  quality, managerial control, employee motivation  and turnover ­ Public’s Goals: Industrial peace & union  democracy; balance and fairness. Security without  corruption 1 ­ 15 1 ­15 The Environment • The external environment sets the context for  collective bargaining & influences outcomes • It includes five key dimensions –  ­ The economic environment ­ Law & public policy ­ The demographic context ­ Social attitudes ­ The technological context • Laws and macroeconomic conditions can alter the  balance of bargaining power  1 ­ 16 1 ­16 The Strategic (Top) Tier • Involves strategies and structures that guide the long­ term direction of industrial relations • Management: Committed to working with the union,  or seeking non­union alternatives? • Labor: Is leadership adversarial or flexible?  1 ­ 17 1 ­17 The Functional (Middle) Tier • The process of contract negotiations takes place  here & the terms and conditions of the labor  agreement are established • In the middle tier we find: ­ Union organizing & bargaining structure ­ The negotiations process ­ Impasse resolution ­ Bargaining outcomes 1 ­ 18 1 ­18 The Workplace Tier • The workplace tier involves issues such as: ­ management of conflict ­ delivery of due process ­ motivation, participation, supervision of workers,  and the structuring of jobs • Administration of the bargaining agreement is an  important part of this tier 1 ­ 19 1 ­19 Public Sector Collective Bargaining ­ Chapter 13 addresses the rules and procedures  of public sector collective bargaining • The chapter identifies the differences from the  private sector • For example, public employees are not covered by  the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) 1 ­ 20 International and Comparative  Industrial Relations  1 ­20 • The changes occurring globally warrant the special attention  given in Chapter 14 • The labor movement has been at the forefront of the sweeping  political changes in the former Communist bloc nations and  newly­industrialized countries such as South Korea • International trade and competitiveness have moved to the  forefront of economic policy in the U.S.  ­ In particular, there is much discussion about whether  globalization has fundamentally increased management's power  and advantage 1 ­ 21 1 ­21 Labor Policy  ­ Chapter 15 assesses the broad public and social  issues and their impact on industrial relations ­ Reviews the many changes emerging in U.S.  collective bargaining ­ Considers the various policy options ­ Addresses the merits and implications of the  alternative policies 1 ­ 22 1 ­22 Summary • There have been many changes in the workplace in  recent years, including: ­ The expansion of the participatory process ­ The team form of work organizations ­ Globalization has increased management’s  advantage • A shift in American industrial relations from the middle  level to both the strategic and workplace levels • Concern for job security, union decline, and  participation programs are all part of a  transformation  in industrial relations .. .Chapter A Framework for Analyzing Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations McGraw­Hill/Irwin An Introduction to Collective Bargaining & Industrial Relations,  4e  Copyright © 2008  The McGraw­Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved... globalization has fundamentally increased management's power  and advantage 1 ­ 21 1 ­21 Labor Policy  ­ Chapter 15 assesses the broad public and social  issues and their impact on industrial relations ­ Reviews the many changes emerging in U.S. ... and their organizations ­ Composed of at least three groups: • Owners and shareholders • Top executives and line managers • Industrial relations and human resource staff  professionals 1 ­ 5 1 ­5 Labor

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Mục lục

  • Slide 1

  • A Framework for Analyzing Collective Bargaining and Industrial Relations

  • The Participants

  • Management

  • Labor

  • Assumptions About Labor and Conflict

  • The Inherent Nature of Conflict

  • Common as Well as Conflicting Interests

  • Trade-Offs among Conflicting Goals

  • The Three Levels of Industrial Relations Activity

  • Conceptual framework for the study of collective bargaining

  • The Institutional Perspective

  • Sidney and Beatrice Webb

  • The Performance of Collective Bargaining

  • The Environment

  • The Strategic (Top) Tier

  • The Functional (Middle) Tier

  • The Workplace Tier

  • Public Sector Collective Bargaining

  • International and Comparative Industrial Relations

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