Vận dụng học thuyết về hệ thống hai yếu tố của frederic herzberg và maslow vào tạo động lực e

Vận dụng Học thuyết Hệ thống hai yếu tố Frederic Herzberg Maslow vào tạo động lực Introduction There are available theories about working motivations, each theory remain deep analysis and develop different aspects Managers need to be flexible to apply these theories to develop organization, due to develop the Human Resources and organizational capacities There chosen of total theories that seem more efficient application to our organization, Maslow, the Pyramid of Needs and Herzberg the Motivation and Stability, below: Part I WORKING MOTIVATION & PHYSIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT THEORIES I Maslow, Pyramid of Needs, an Overview Physiologist Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) regarded as the leading of humanistic psychology According to Abraham Maslow, human being needs appropriate in accordance with the hierarchy from low demands to high demands Whenever the human being and a group of needs are satisfied, the needs become equally and form no motivations Maslow arranged the hierarchy of Human being needs with the classified, below: - Physiological needs - Safety needs - Social needs - Esteem needs - Self-actualizing needs Physiological needs: Physiological needs are the basic needs that sustain human being life, such as: food, clothing, drinking water, housing, etc Abraham Maslow reasioned demands have not been satisfied to the extent necessaries to maintain life, the other needs will not push people forwardly The physiological needs are the most basic needs and most powerful needs that man In the pyramid, we see that these needs are classified in the first level: the most vital level Maslow considered that a higher level of needs will not upgrade unless these basic needs are met And these basic needs will urge human to take actions that basically achieve Human-being motivations Safety needs Safety needs mentioned about the needs to avoid physical dangers; threats of job loss, security of private property, etc It is said that whenever people are met their demands of physiological needs, when the needs of next upgraded level will be improve and motivate them to go forward Meanwhile, the demand for safety and security will begin to be activated These safety needs referred to both mental and physical aspects Human –being always needs to be safe out of dangers and unsabilities These needs become the engine operation in emergency events, and dangerous cases of life, such as war, natural disasters, etc For example: as the Children mental reaction of a sense that occurs when they feel lack of safe security such as: agitation, crying for their parent rescures, the desire to be comforted as well These demands are often confirmed by the desire for stability in life, to live in the safe security environment, safe legal system of social life, safe shelters to have a house to live and grow Therefore, there develop a human behoviors to seek sheltered supports by religious beliefs, philosophy theory is also due to security needs, this is the search for emotional security In addition, social insurance regime and the regime of retiremental policy as well as social welfares, these targets human usually reach in their life as motivations of behaviors Social needs Each individual is a member of society, and they require to be accepted as an important part of society People always require their interal needs of love and belongingnesses This third upgraded level of human needs clearly show that human needs communications to develop and to belong to any social organization forms that to communicate, express thierself and develop their abilities This demand is also known as the desired needs of belongingnesses into an organization or the need for emotions (needs of love) These needs express through the communication processes such as: searching partners, making friends, friendships and relationships as well as finding lovers, getting married, joining a community, taking part in work, going to a picnic camp, joining into a club, participate in a social group, working team work and a community This demand is proven as a trace of the live of herd of our original species since the dawn of humanity Although, Maslow classified this demand as the third after above needs, but he insisted that if this demand is not met for human being needs, it can cause severe emotional, mental as well as physical damages to human health and spiritual life For example: In many recent studies, scientists also reason that single people often suffer from diseases than couple who live with their families, such as: of the digestive, nervous, respiratory distress We also know that: the loneliness can easily damage to human being life Many new grown teenages in this society suiside to leave this world as the reason started from behaviors They persuade their reasons that their parents as well as society did not understand their spiritual, attitudes and behavior facing this developing society, likely that: "The people around, no one understands me!" Esteem needs: According to A.Maslow, when human - being begin to meet to be accepted as members of society, they tend to ask to be self-esteem and want to be respected by society Demands lead to be satisfied these fields, such as: power, prestige, position and confidence These are the human desires that to receive the recognizations, cares and respects from those around environment of soiety In addition, human - being look forward to be recognized as an "indispensable chain" in the social labor force system and society It is clear that being respected means that each individual expected to become a useful part Therefore, people motivate to have high position in society and organization for respect and development Self-actualizing needs: A Maslow considers this is the highest demands of hierarchy It is the highest expectations that human – being always tries to reach during their life Releasing human’s potential with maximum targets and certain goals that accomplish strong motivation urging human in general and work force forward in their life It is the desires and efforts to achieve of each individual life People find out themselves needs to motivate working on their interests on completing their job and satisfied feeling These arrangements of Human needs from low to high level are classified The higher-level needs will be satisfied when the lower-level needs are met Thus according to this theory, leaders must pay attentions to the physical needs, on the basis factors of survivals firstly And then, when the physical needs are met that makes gradually increased motivation to complete life, organizational behaviors and social developments with the higher demands II Frederic Herzberg, Dual Structure Theory This is a motivational theory based on the elements that make the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of the people in the job According to Frederic Herzberg, the theory is divided into two groups of factors, following: Motivational factors: It includes factors that create human working satisfactions, such as: working recognized achievements; individual recognitions, responsible empowerments; and appointed positions of advancements Hygiene factors: Including the organization's policies, governance, working conditions, human social relations, financial safety, social welfares and wages According to Frederic Herzberg, the maintenance factors is not the driving force factors, it is characterized by the conditional factor Therefore, If they exist in a work environment with a number of high quality and they not lead to satisfactory but does not have the effect of promoting or bring satisfaction However, without the existence of them will lead to dissatisfaction According to motivate your employees at work should emphasize the motivating factor Although still limited, Herzberg's theory is also important in motivating employees From this theory helps managers to pay more attention to both factors, a combination of two factors to motivate employees III The relatioships between two theories Based on the supporting ideas above, the relatioships between two theories Maslow‘s theory and Herzberg’s theory (Theory and Motivation Maslow's Needs and two-factor theory of Herzberg) relationship that can be represented by the following diagram: Motivation of needs Bahaviors Motivative targets Maslow pointed out in each individual of human being has needs that divided into five levels from low to high Whereas, Herzberg stressed two factors that motivation and maintainance When people have already satisfied this element, they will apgrade higher demands demand than before However, to satisfy the demands, then a question is still to maintain previous demands When the goals that human set out to meet higher demands, their needs and motivations associated with goals that they set will constitute their behaviors So if in any enterprises, policies that ensure good employees will stimulate workers eager to work Their behaviors will have positive impacts on the operations of enterprises On the other hand, if the regime's policies without discussions, enterprises will meet the demands for workers will not be able to stimulate their enthusiasm to work Maslow's theory has been widely recognized, especially in management and administration areas It is accepted because of the logical ideas and the refference which people can use their vision and experience to understand Maslow's hierarchy of needs system used to be applied by many managers as a guiding tool to motivate employees in organization to motivate employee’s organizational behaviors However, Maslow's theory, there are still some limitations This theory is only applied for the Western countries, the countries that thier traditional views of the needs always change This requires managers to know what needs to satisfy As for Frederic Herzberg theory studies showed that besides the physical benefits such as salaries, bonuses are also a variety of other factors motivate employees as a promotion, work itself, achievement, shall all have a direct impact on the labor force When employees feel good with their job satisfactions, their responsibility for the organization they will be responsible for working with the enthusiastic fervor and more efficient to be more respected PART APPLICATIONS WITH THE ORGANIZTIONS Hai An, People’s Committee, an overview: I'm working in Hai An District, a new district was established over years under Decree No 106/ND-CP dated 20/12/2012 of the Government on the basis of the adjustment of administrative boundaries five former communes of Nam Hai, Trang Cat Dang Hai, Dang Lam, Dong Hai Ngo Quyen and Cat Bi ward with area 10.492ha; population of almost 80,000 people Hai An district is the urban expansion area of Hai Phong city center on the southeast; district is the city's only fully converged traffic types such as: sea port, airport Cat Bi, rail, road, river With these natural features, convenient transportation, Hai An favorable conditions for the development of modern urban development, synchronization, the key is to build and seaport development; industrial, commercial; tourism, marine services and economic exploitation At the same time the strategic position on national security and defense of the southeast of city As a newly formed district, besides the advantages, Hai An District is facing many difficulties, such as: the poor initial infrastructure and lack of infrastructure of business developing, with office bases for work and economic life; the intellectual in general still low, compared to other districts in the inner city; staff’s weaknesses, employed from many places and many local units in the city, mostly young staffs and lack of qualified, enthusiastic in working, still lack economic working practices and experiences These factors affect the leadership, direction and implementation of the political tasks of the unit Besides, the advantages and difficulties of newly Hai An District, in general, the Department of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs, where I work facing advantages and disadvantages, in particular; specificly below: - Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs was established by Decree No 14/ND-CP in 2008 by the Government on the basis of separate rooms of the Interior - Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs in room Interior and Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs and additional functions tasks on the work of children, gender equality work from Population Planning Committee of Children Care and Women managed by Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs - Department, the following functions: + As same as a specialized agency of the district People's Committee, to advise the District's People's Committee fulfill state management function in the field of labor and employment, social work and perform a number of tasks and powers under the authorization of the district People's Committee and in accordance with the law + Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs has legal status, seal and accounts, subject to the direction and management of the organization, staffing and the work of the People's Committees of districts; same time to the direct guidance test inspect the professional services of the Department of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs of the city + There is duty to advise the District's People's Committee fulfill state management function in the areas of labor and employment: vocational training, salaries, wages, social insurance, unemployment insurance, labor safety; devotees policy , social protection, education and protection of child care; social evils prevention, gender equality * Organization: Department consists of 12 officers Including 01 chief, two deputy heads and officers; professional duty separated into parts: the policy department; social protection department; department of social evils; department care and protection of children and gender equality; and part-treasurer accounting * Advantages: - Department is interested in leading, directing, facilitating vertical superiors by County Commissioner - District People's Committee; close coordination with the effect of localities, departments and units; Collective solidarity and consensus - Staff is young with benefits of qualified certifications, enthusiastic in working forwards - Clear responsible duty of each department in the agency from Government * Disadvantages: - Facing difficulties and limitations exist in the motivation to work in the unit, in general - Facing the working volume and management: a large volume of work a lot, a large number of managed objects, manage of more than 30,000 people - Employee problems: Personnel working in most of the young, the 100% level from college, university or higher But experience is not much work challenges; some professional training from real job is not suitable (eg economics, business management, etc.) to social work, having a lot of difficulty towel should be trained and retrained to suit assigned tasks and duties of a unit of work requirements; in a few officials in the quality of the unit is limited, leading to excitement work; the enthusiasm of the staff is not high because of a department of Governmental Office that prevent employees from challenges and motivations Therefore, employee working attitude and behaviors like day by day working For these workers, they need to deal with work and tasks are completed to match; meet the requirements of the assigned tasks and more challenges of working to satisfy other fields of life experience not only a position of working and getting salary in time - Due to the implementation of stipulated officials as in the old mechanism to move a new one, with cases how to adapt to the new working environment Therefore, there need to be linked and accepted, employee and department need time and support from management leaders - Due to limited staff of issues or working recruitments, some long-term staff of the work but not employed only short-term contracts, therefore make difficulties to their life, these difficulties should not be adjusted; difficulties in life that affect to working motivation and quality of work In these cases employee need to be satisfied about their physical needs and need to be respected by leaders, managers; need solutions to the appropriate impact - Due to the economic crisis, the staffs live under family and social pressures In this case, their motivation should have settled for the safety of economic pressures from family and society So, we have to encourage and advise them how to resolve and remove the difficulties that they are facing PART APPLICATION PHYSIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT THEORIES TO IMPROVE ORGANIZATION BEHAVIORS To solve these above difficulties of living conditions, challenges of new working expansion, and working motivation as well as organization behaviors, there suggested several solutions In my opinions, there focus on these following targets: - Build a collective organization to connect in work and management - Apply individuality in working to motivate each individual power of creation, resposibilities, not only improve working efficiences but also develop social aspect of social needs of labor force and to be respected as esteem human needs - Concentrate on physical and basic needs of employee of vitality as well as mental health and needs Specially, listening and enthusiastic with difficulties and capacity of employees to promote and support, managers should care to improve themselves organization development - Training and improving labor force ability with appling courses to improve experience and up date knowledge, such as politics and language, managemental and admistrative skills - Need to manage a human resource strategy, to rectuiment, traning, promotion and working motivation and promotion developed - Recognization individual achievements to award and motivate To manage working efficience by achievement, benefits and individual responsibilties and assigned tasks to control the damages as well as benefits that each individual gain for organization - It is necessary to create Organizational units to have favorable conditions and to promote the role of organizations such as: the Youth Union; Organizational Unions, Women Unions In these operation of the unit to create the overall strength of the 10 unit, to create atmosphere in the operation of the agency to implement political aspects of the unit - Need to build a system of rules, regulations based on each objects, democracy terms, and scientific activities of the unit on the basis of which people must strict on In addition, we should have the management, inspection and monitoring of implementation - Encourage the leadership roles to direct control with the difficulties, solve complexed problems, appropriated in organization system effectively to adjuct policies, working field and terms that change diffculites of organization, as well as long term change behavior of organization of working effectivenesses, specially, administration of Hai An District People ‘s Committee Conclusions The environment created individual characters People are always influenced by life circumstances and work conditions There has a sequence of predictable behavior through changing circumstances, work, but there contain unpredictable behaviors chain, which impact the deep and large influences on performance That is called organizational behavior It is understood that the behavioral aspects of governance, including behavioral studies, the attitude of man to man, man in the group, and people, with organized groups There the conclusion that: good work always creates satisfactions and create good human behaviors In favorable conditions, everything will become sublimated and developed But the difficulties are creating many challenges and potential risks People will express negative behaviors And administrators must also struggling hard to find the right directions in the management of the crisises In administration of Hai An District People ‘s Committee, all properly and gradually planned removements to overcome the difficulties REFERENCES 11 Slices lectures of Dr Tran Van Binh; Documents of administration of Hai An District People ‘s Committee, storaged at Administrative Dpartment 12 ... begin to meet to be accepted as members of society, they tend to ask to be self-esteem and want to be respected by society Demands lead to be satisfied these fields, such as: power, prestige, position... powerful needs that man In the pyramid, we see that these needs are classified in the first level: the most vital level Maslow considered that a higher level of needs will not upgrade unless these basic... the desire for stability in life, to live in the safe security environment, safe legal system of social life, safe shelters to have a house to live and grow Therefore, there develop a human behoviors