Ethics for dummies

g Easier! Making Everythin ™ Ethics Learn to: • Demystify the ethical writings of Aristotle, Confucius, and other famous philosophers • Examine controversial aspects of ethical thought • Tackle and understand today’s important questions and dilemmas Christopher Panza, PhD Associate Professor of Philosophy at Drury University Adam Potthast, PhD Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Missouri University of Science and Technology Get More and Do More at Dummies.com ® Start with FREE Cheat Sheets Cheat Sheets include • Checklists • Charts • Common Instructions • And Other Good Stuff! To access the Cheat Sheet created specifically for this book, go to www.dummies.com/cheatsheet/ethics Get Smart at Dummies.com Dummies.com makes your life easier with 1,000s of answers on everything from removing wallpaper to using the latest version of Windows Check out our • Videos • Illustrated Articles • Step-by-Step Instructions Plus, each month you can win valuable prizes by entering our Dummies.com sweepstakes * Want a weekly dose of Dummies? Sign up for Newsletters on • Digital Photography • Microsoft Windows & Office • Personal Finance & Investing • Health & Wellness • Computing, iPods & Cell Phones • eBay • Internet • Food, Home & Garden Find out “HOW” at Dummies.com *Sweepstakes not currently available in all countries; visit Dummies.com for official rules Ethics FOR DUMmIES ‰ Ethics FOR DUMmIES ‰ by Christopher Panza, PhD, and Adam Potthast, PhD Ethics professors at Drury University and Missouri University of Science and Technology Ethics For Dummies® Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc 111 River St Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2010 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600 Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http:// www.wiley.com/go/permissions Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com, Making Everything Easier, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc and/ or its affiliates in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES IF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002 For technical support, please visit www.wiley.com/techsupport Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books Library of Congress Control Number: 2010926828 ISBN: 978-0-470-59171-0 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 About the Authors Chris Panza was born and raised in New York After trying unsuccessfully for many years to figure out how to live the right way, he enrolled at the State University of New York at Purchase, where he figured philosophy and literature degrees would help It provided hints, but no answers After college, he spent a few more years working in business and hammering away at the question of value More hints, but no answers Finally, he attended the University of Connecticut and earned a master’s degree and doctoral degree (in philosophy) hoping to finally learn how to live a good and ethical life More degrees and more hints, but no definite answers What to do? Well, with all these degrees you may not know exactly how to live ethically, but you can at least make a living teaching So he did that, and he has been an associate professor of philosophy at Drury University in Springfield, Missouri, since 2002 Chris received the university’s Excellence in Teaching Award in 2004, probably for getting a lot of students to join him on the endless quest to understanding what it means to live a good life In addition to his teaching interests in ethics, Chris also teaches classes in existentialism (and is the co-author of Existentialism For Dummies), Confucianism, free will, metaphysics, and modern philosophy Chris is married to his wife Christie, a social psychologist, and has two beautiful little girls: a 4-year-old named Parker and an almost 2-year-old named Paige Chris is hoping to one day infect his own children with the same desire to investigate life that has long invigorated him and as a result made his life a continuously interesting and mysterious experience Adam Potthast was born and raised in Missouri After directors stopped casting him in plays, he had no choice but to fall into the seedy underbelly of intellectualism that thrived at Truman State in Kirksville, Missouri Trying to the hardest thing he knew he could well (and not being able to physics and music very well), he found philosophy He went on to get his masters and PhD in philosophy at the University of Connecticut where he discovered that far from all being a matter of opinion, ethics was stimulating and a lot of fun He’s currently an assistant professor at Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T) in Rolla, Missouri, where — when he’s not pestering his engineering colleagues about the value of ethical thinking — he teaches courses in virtually every kind of ethics, political philosophy, and the meaning of life His research interests are practical and professional ethics, the connections between ethics and personal identity, and the apparently very high tolerance people have for listening to him carry on about the connection between freedom and morality in Kantian ethics When he’s not working, he enjoys travel, hiking, riding bikes, subjecting friends to culinary experiments, and Canadian independent music Go places! Dedication From Chris: I would like to dedicate this book first and foremost to my wife, Christie, and to my two daughters, Parker and Paige, who are the lights of my life I also would like to dedicate the book to my mom, Janice, who has been a source of strength and inspiration for me my whole life, and to my dad, Tony, for his quirky sense of humor and great cooking Lastly, to my sister, Amy, and her husband, Jay, not to mention my young nephew, Aiden From Adam: This book is dedicated first to my parents, Ferd and Joan I’m forever grateful to them for having the good sense to leave behind vows of chastity, take up with one another, and later teach me the power of words, courage, and kindness Second, to my brother, David, whose creativity and perseverance is always an inspiration Finally, to my undergraduate advisor, Patricia Burton, and my graduate advisor, Joel Kupperman, who had the patience to put up with me learning to be a philosopher I couldn’t have asked for better or more virtuous philosophical exemplars Authors’ Acknowledgements From Chris: My primary acknowledgement is to my wife, Christie, and my daughters, Parker and Paige They all had to endure months of me locked away in an office instead of being with the family They have been more than understanding I’d also like to thank Drury University for the sabbatical that partially opened up the time for writing this book Lastly, and certainly not least, I’d like to thank my co-author, Adam He’s been a great friend for many years, and he proved to be just as good a co-author The book was easy and fun to write with him alongside all the way through From Adam: I’d like to thank my co-author, Chris, first of all, for being a good friend through the years, bringing me on board this project, and tolerating my idiosyncratic writing style and relationship with deadlines I’d also like to thank my department chair, Dick Miller, for the philosophical companionship, jokes, and institutional support he’s joyfully given through the years and during the drafting of this book To my friends, current and former students, and colleagues around the world: You’ve been an unforgettable source of support through the whole project, and I couldn’t have done it without you Thanks to the DJs at KMNR, KDHX, WMBR, CBC Radio 3, and Erika for keeping me in good music throughout the process Thanks to the Giddy Goat, Keen Bean, and Meshuggah Café for renting me a place to write for the unreasonably low price of a cup of coffee (and in the case of Jo’s back porch, not even that) And finally, we couldn’t have written such a good book without the helpful suggestions and support of our editors Chad, Jessica, and Michael Publisher’s Acknowledgments We’re proud of this book; please send us your comments at http://dummies.custhelp.com For other comments, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002 Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following: Acquisitions, Editorial, and Media Development Composition Services Project Coordinator: Katherine Crocker Project Editor: Chad R Sievers Layout and Graphics: Carl Byers Acquisitions Editor: Michael Lewis Proofreader: Linda Seifert Copy Editor: Jessica Smith Indexer: Sharon Shock Assistant Editor: Erin Calligan Mooney Special Help: Danielle Voirol Senior Editorial Assistant: David Lutton Technical Editor: David Chandler, PhD Editorial Manager: Michelle Hacker Editorial Assistant: Jennette ElNaggar Cover Photos: © Pixmix I Dreamstime.com Cartoons: Rich Tennant (www.the5thwave.com) Publishing and Editorial for Consumer Dummies Diane Graves Steele, Vice President and Publisher, Consumer Dummies Kristin Ferguson-Wagstaffe, Product Development Director, Consumer Dummies Ensley Eikenburg, Associate Publisher, Travel Kelly Regan, Editorial Director, Travel Publishing for Technology Dummies Andy Cummings, Vice President and Publisher, Dummies Technology/General User Composition Services Debbie Stailey, Director of Composition Services 354 Ethics For Dummies original position scenario, 177–178, 335 ought and should, 10 •P• Panza, Chris (Existentialism For Dummies), 52, 106 parent and child relationship, 203 Parfit, Derek (philosopher), 58 partiality, 222 particularistic ethics, 222–223 passive euthanasia, 244–245 paternalism, 230–231 paternalistic perspective of Golden Rule, 193 patient and doctor relationship, 230–231 patriarchy, 264 perfect duty, 160 personal opinion See subjectivism personhood, 233–234 PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals), 321 PGD (preimplantation genetic diagnosis), 240 Philosophy For Dummies (Morris), 55, 106 phronesis, 101, 109 piety, 62 plastic surgery, 232 Plato Euthyphro problem, 62–63 Golden Rule, 189 living justly between balance, 332 The Republic, 332 pleasure, 127–128 Pojman, Louis (diversity thesis observation), 26 polestars, 112 political and civil rights, 288 political implication, 199 political imposition, 283 political scandal, 274–275 polygamy, 305–306 population growth, 248 pornography anti-pornography perspective, 308–309 freedom of expression, 307 as harm to society, 308 as harm to women, 308–309 portrayal of women, 306 unwilling participants, 306 positive form of Golden Rule, 197–198 positive psychology, 66 positive right, 290–291 post-conventional level of moral development, 213 practical reason, 146 pre-conventional level of moral development, 212 pregnancy, 301 preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), 240 prescriptive analysis, 209 prescriptivist, 33 principle acting in inclination, 146–147 acting on motive of duty, 146–148 beneficence, 232–233 categorical imperative, 143–144, 146 defined, 144–145 difference, 179–181 identifying content of, 152–153 of justice, 177 Kantian Ethics, 143–150 as laws applied to one self, 144–145 liberty, 179–180 living by universal principle, 155–157 practical reason, 146 rationality, 146 rule versus, 145 specifying your, 157 struggle between nature and reason, 146–148 subjective, 151 taking charge of actions, 146–148 principle of equal consideration of interests, 316 principle of utility (Bentham), 126 Principles of Morals and Legislation (Bentham), 125 prisoner’s dilemma, 14, 173 problem solving, technological, 276–277 pro-choice, 235–236 Index professional ethics accounting work, 278–279 basic description of, 269 capitalism, 279 compromised judgment, 273 conflict of interest, 273 courage, 278 disclosed information, 274 engineering, 276–277 expert judgment, 273 humility, 278 impartial judgment, 273 important service to society, 270 informing the public, 274–275 insider trading, 279 intellect component, 270 job versus profession, 270–271 journalism, 274–275 large group networking, 271 lawyer, 277 legal work, 277–278 medicine, 279–280 money and gifts as bribe, 273 need for power, 271 political scandal, 274–275 problem solving, 276–277 profession and society relationship, 271–272 professional requirements, 272 record keeping, 278–279 salary, 271 scam, 279 scrutiny, 271 status level, 271 trade, 270 trained judgment, 273 training, 270 whistle-blowing, 273–274 pro-life, 234–235 promise, 162, 164 property human right to, 286, 289 property dualist, 46 propinquity, 126 protection, 199 psychological determinism, 42–43 psychological egoism, 50 publication Animal Liberation (Singer), 316, 336 Critique of Practical Reason (Kant), 334 Existentialism For Dummies (Panza and Gale), 52, 106 Existentialism Is a Humanism (Sartre), 52, 106 Fear and Trembling (Kierkegaard), 83 The Gay Science (Nietzsche), 79 Genealogy of Morals (Nietzsche), 335 Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals (Kant), 334 In a Different Voice (Gilligan), 218 Leviathan (Hobbes), 172, 333 On Liberty (Mill), 334 Meditations on First Philosophy (Descartes), 46 Nichomachean Ethics (Aristotle), 110, 114, 332 On the Origin of Species (Darwin), 69 Philosophy For Dummies (Morris), 55, 106 Principles of Morals and Legislation (Bentham), 125 The Republic (Plato), 332 A Sand County Almanac (Leopold), 259 A Theory of Justice (Rawls), 177, 335 Thus Spoke Zarathustra (Nietzsche), 81, 335 A Treatise on Human Nature (Hume), 333 Utilitarianism (Mill), 127, 334 punishment and reward stage of moral development, 212 purity, 127 •Q• quasi-realist, 33 •R• race-based argument, 74–75 rain forest desecration, 248 rape Formula of Humanity, 164 pregnancy caused by, 235 355 356 Ethics For Dummies rash people, 109 rashness, 108–109 rational egoist, 50 rationality, 146 Rawls, John (philosopher) looking out for the least well-off, 335 original position method, 335 A Theory of Justice, 177, 335 veil of ignorance, 178 reason emotion versus, 265 struggle between nature and reason, 146–148 recording keeping, 278–279 Regan, Tom (subject-of-a-life), 318 relational aspect of soul, 105 relational view of selfhood, 219–220 relativism, 21 relativistic status, status-based argument, 75 religion See also God Buddhism, 58 Christianity, 58 connecting to a single God through, 57 difference among, 55–56 ethical code diversity, 57–59 Hinduism, 57 human right to, 289 Jewish, 58 Judeo-Christian, 58 knowing difference between God and, 56 monotheistic, 57 remoteness, 126 ren (humanity), 106–107 The Republic (Plato), 332 required ethical conduct, 138 respect for rules of the group stage of moral development, 212 responsibility, 66 reversibility method of testing criticism, 193–194 fixing problems with, 195–196 general needs and interests, 195–196 self assessment, 191–192 right to fair trial, 288 rights See human right rights and justice stage of moral development, 212 robot rights, 338 Roger, Carl (nondirective therapy advocate), 91 Roman stoicism, 189 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (philosopher), 48 rule utilitarianism, 134–136 rule versus principle, 145 ruler and subject relationship, 203 •S• sadon, 133 safety and precaution, 276 salary, 271 same-sex marriage, 305–306 A Sand County Almanac (Leopold), 259 Sartre, Jean-Paul (Existentialism Is a Humanism), 53 scam, 279 science belief of heaven and hell, 66–68 defining ethics in, 65–66 good behavior establishment, 66–68 material and immaterial world, 65 as reliable observation of the world, 64 second-generation right, 290 seeing, 100 self assessment cultural relativism, 29 detachment from your sense of self, 139 does the end justify the means, 123 Golden Rule, 192 reversibility method of testing, 191–192 self-creation, 78–80 self-expression, 31–32 self-improvement, 162–163 self-interest, 13–14 selfish gene hypothesis (Dawkins), 68–70 selfishness, 41 self-love, 161 self-trust, 91 sentientism, 255–256 sexism, 209 Index sexual ethics basic description of, 299 committed relationships, 302–303 contraception, 301 HIV/AIDS, 301 homosexuality, 303–306 human-animal relationship, 306 hurt feelings, 302 “loose morals,” 300 outside of committed relationship, 300–302 polygamy, 305–306 pornography, 306–309 pregnancy, 301 prostitution, 309–311 sexually transmitted diseases (STD), 301 standard view of sexual morality, 300–302 should and ought, 10 shyness, 108 sibling relationship, 203 Silver Rule, 199 simplicity Taoism, 90–91 virtue of, 89–91 Singer, Peter Animal Liberation, 316, 336 speaking out for utilitarianism, 336 six stages of moral development (Kohlberg) basic description of, 211 egoism and exchange relationship, 212 fostering good interpersonal relationships, 212 punishment and reward, 212 respect for the rules of the group, 212 rights and justice, 213 social contracts, 213 slacktivism, 341 slavery putting law in its proper place, 12 subjectivism, 23–24 social contract as backbone of almost all modern society, 175 civil society, 176 relying on others to help maintain, 176 as stage or moral development, 212 social ecology blaming domination, 263 eco-feminism, 264–265 emotion versus reason, 265 founder, 263 grasping the problem of domination, 263–264 nature versus civilization, 265 wild versus structured, 265 woman versus man, 264 social living, 70 social networking, 341 social role relationships, 203 societal and economic rights, 288 soul-bearing, 105 speciesism, 317–319 Spencer, Herbert (philosopher), 69 spirituality, sport hunting, 327 state of nature, 172–174 status level, professional, 271 status-based argument conventional ethics, 76 objective status, 75 relativistic status, 75 subjective ethics, 76 STD (sexually transmitted disease), 301 stealing, 165 stem cell research, 229, 237, 241–242 Stevenson, Charles (philosopher), 31 stinginess, 108 Stocker, Michael (philosopher), 167 subjective principle, 151 subjectivism basic description of, 19 basing ethics on personal opinion, 20–24 common sense and common decency, 24 contradiction, 21 determining what subjectivism gets right, 24 disagreement, 21–23 ethical disagreement, 22–23 as form of relativism, 21 right for me and wrong for you concept, 20–21 status-based argument, 76 subjectivists are always right concept, 23–24 357 358 Ethics For Dummies subject-of-a-life (Regan), 318 substance dualist, 46 success in life See virtue ethics suicide euthanasia, 244–246 as perfect duty example, 160–161 supererogatory ethical conduct, 138 survival of the fittest, 69 sympathy, 48 •T• taijitu, 86–87 Tao Te Ching poem, 89–90 Taoism changing flow in your experiences, 90 Golden Rule, 189 how traditional virtue is unnatural, 88–89 and modern psychotherapy, 91 nature of duality, 88 respect of environment, 251 seeing strength and innate goodness as powerful, 49 simplicity and effortlessness, 90–91 taijitu, 86–87 Tao Te Ching poem, 89–90 Taoist and non-Taoist ways of thinking, 88 unlearning societal ways of thinking, 90 virtue of simplicity, 89–91 yin-yang symbol, 86–87 teleological suspension of the ethical (Kierkegaard), 85 telos, 103 temperate, 108 Ten Commandments, 58 terraforming new world, 340 theological determinism, 42–43 theory about this book, divine command, 59–64 the end justifies the means, 122–123 game, 173 natural law, 304–305 world of pain, 60 A Theory of Justice (Rawls), 177, 335 thievery putting law its is proper place, 12 reversibility method of testing, 192 thinking thinking machine creation, 338 virtuous action, 100 Thus Spoke Zarathustra (Nietzsche), 81, 335 tolerance cultural relativism, 28–30 lack of respect for, 28–30 torture Formula of Humanity, 165 human rights, 290 tough love response, 224 traditional ethics, 73 training, 270 A Treatise on Human Nature (Hume), 333 trumps, 283 •U• UDHR (United Nation’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights), 288, 291 unconditional duty, 166 universal law formula, 155–157 universalizability test, 157 U.S Bill of Rights, 282 utilitarianism actual consequence, 141 ambivalence about rights, 292–293 challenges, 136–142 consequence of action, 140–141 consequentialist ethical theory, 122–128 description of, 27, 121 detachment from your sense of self, 139 direct approach, 131 direct calculation, 132 equal consideration of interests, 129–130 expected consequence, 141 greatest happiness principle, 130 hedonistic, 126 human rights, 292–293 increasing good through action, 131–133 increasing good through following rules, 134–136 Index indirect approach, 134 integrity challenge, 139–140 justice and rights challenge, 136–137 maximizing utility, 126 maximizing what is good, 130–131 negative responsibility, 141 over-demanding objection, 137–139 pleasure and pain created by action, 126–127 principle of utility, 126 required ethical conduct, 138 requirement to maximum happiness, 130 rule, 134–136 seeing where you need to go, 18 supererogatory ethical conduct, 138 why some pleasures are better than others, 127–128 Utilitarianism (Mill), 127, 334 •V• vegan, 326–327 vegetarian, 326–327 vegetative aspect of soul, 105 veil of ignorance, 178 vice character traits, 96 examples of, 108 virtue versus, 99–100 virtual world, 342 virtue commitment to, 113–114 defined, 95 difficulty in knowing which is right, 116 examples of, 108 family value as development of, 110–111 feelings, 100 goodness as everyday practice, 98–99 as habit toward goodness, 98–100 happiness related to, 104 high, 89 how to acquire, 109–115 intellectual, 106 low, 89 mirroring virtuous people, 112–113 moral, 106 public, social, and political value as development of, 111 role of habits in, 114–115 role of luck criticism, 118–119 seeing, 100 of simplicity, 89–91 thinking, 100 vice versus, 99–100 virtue ethics connecting character with action, 97 criticism, 115–119 grasping the nature of “the good,” 101–102 guidance, 116–117 human flourishing, 102–103 human rights, 294–295 as importance of having good character, 96–98 phronesis, 101 seeing character as way of life, 97–98 success in life, 103 virtuous living, 102–103 why character matters, 86 vocabulary action classification, 12 character trait, 12 ethically forbidden, 12–13 ethically permitted, 12–13 ethically required, 12–13 ethics versus morality, 11 “is” question, 10 knowing the right words, position classification, 12 should and ought, 10 voluntary euthanasia, 244 •W• wastefulness, 108 weakness need to avoid an ethics of, 77–81 traditional ethics as, 80–81 359 360 Ethics For Dummies well-being, 102 See also goodness whistle-blowing, 273–274 wholeness, 76 wild versus structured, 265 woman differences in how men and women think, 214–216 pornography as harm to, 308–309 relational view of selfhood, 219–220 woman versus man, eco-feminism, 264 work, human right to, 291 See also professional ethics world of pain theory, 60 •X• xiaoren (petty person), 107 Xiong, Yang (philosopher), 52–53 Xunzi (philosopher), 49–51 •Y• yin-yang symbol, 86–87 •Z• zhong (loyalty), 204 Zhongshu, Dong (philosopher), 52–53 Business/Accounting & Bookkeeping Bookkeeping For Dummies 978-0-7645-9848-7 eBay Business All-in-One For Dummies, 2nd Edition 978-0-470-38536-4 Job Interviews For Dummies, 3rd Edition 978-0-470-17748-8 Resumes For Dummies, 5th Edition 978-0-470-08037-5 Stock Investing For Dummies, 3rd Edition 978-0-470-40114-9 Successful Time 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For more information, go to Dummies.com® and search the store by category Making everything easier!™ Notes Notes s p p A e l i Mob There’s a Dummies App for This and That With more than 200 million books in print and over 1,600 unique titles, Dummies is a global leader in how-to information Now you can get the same great Dummies information in an App With topics such as Wine, Spanish, Digital Photography, Certification, and more, you’ll have instant access to the topics you need to know in a format you can trust To get information on all our Dummies apps, visit the following: www.Dummies.com/go/mobile from your computer www.Dummies.com/go/iphone/apps from your phone Philosophy/Ethics Discover the foundations of ethics and how to apply them to your everyday life What’s the difference between right and wrong? Do you know John Stuart Mill from Thomas Hobbes? This helpful guide gets you comfortable with the centuries-old study of ethical philosophy quickly and effectively! In plain English, it examines ethical thought, explains the writings and theories of great thinkers, and so much more • Get a handle — understand the basic issues and questions of ethics, and why you should care about integrating ethics into your own life Open the book and find: • Insight into whether humans are naturally good or evil • The role of religion and science in ethics • Challenges facing ethics • The importance of being a virtuous person • The ethics of consequences • Why the Golden Rule is universal • How to apply ethics to real life • Dig up the dirt — investigate whether human nature and ethics are related and delve into the connections (and disconnects) between ethics and religion and ethics and science • Look behind the curtain — get familiar with the key ethical theories you need to know, such as virtue ethics, Kantian ethics, and utilitarianism • What the ethics of principle really means • Ethical disagreements between individuals and cultures • A feminist approach to care ethics • Apply, apply, apply — discover the many ways ethics has been applied to the real world, from biomedical ethics to human rights and everything in between • Grasp the lingo — learn some basic ethical vocabulary and how ethics relates to culture and opinion Go to Dummies.com® for videos, step-by-step examples, how-to articles, or to shop! $19.99 US / $23.99 CN / £14.99 UK Christopher Panza, PhD, is an associate professor of philosophy at Drury University and coauthor of Existentialism For Dummies Adam Potthast, PhD, is an assistant professor of philosophy at Missouri University of Science and Technology ISBN 978-0-470-59171-0 ... & Garden Find out “HOW” at Dummies. com *Sweepstakes not currently available in all countries; visit Dummies. com for official rules Ethics FOR DUMmIES ‰ Ethics FOR DUMmIES ‰ by Christopher Panza,... Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies. com, Making Everything Easier,... of Care Ethics 223 Care ethics and public life: An uneasy fit 223 Do some relationships really deserve care? 224 Could care ethics harm women? 225 xv xvi Ethics For Dummies