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INFINITIVES TYPES Full inf.: to do Bare inf.: do Present inf.: to do Present continuous inf.: to be doing Perfect inf. : to have done Perfect continuous inf.: to have been doing Present passive inf.: to be done Perfect passive inf.: to have been done
INFINITIVES & GERUNDS INFINITIVES - TYPES Full inf.: to Bare inf.: Present inf.: to Present continuous inf.: to be doing Perfect inf : to have done Perfect continuous inf.: to have been doing Present passive inf.: to be done Perfect passive inf.: to have been done INFINITIVES - USES SUBJECTS E.g.: To drive slowly would be wiser To join that company seems hard to me COMPLEMENTS My hobby is to read books His task is to deal with customers’ complaints INFINITIVES - USES IMPERATIVES Come in , please Don’t smoke in the office Do come to our shop again INFINITIVES - USES AFTER VERBS (showing requests, obligations, reasoning…) - want / need / would like (love, hate, prefer) consent / agree/ disagree / refuse force/ warn/ urge/ offer/ demand/ beg /tell/ ask/ make/ request/ order/ require/ command hope/ wish/ try/ manage/ attempt / prepare / tempt / fail / volunteer intend/ plan/purpose/ arrange/ tend/aim/decide/choose/mean/ promise/ swear/ undertake/determine/ induce enable/ unable/ teach/ train/ instruct/ learn/ help/assist pretend/ prove/ threaten/ promote/ encourage/ stimulate remind /invite/ expect/ forget/ remember turn out/ seem/ appear/ trouble/ bother/ hesitate INFINITIVES - USES - AFTER AUXILIARIES, MODAL VERBS Be / be about Can/ could/ be able to May / might/ Will/ would Shall/ should Must / have to/ need/ ought to Would rather/ would sooner/ had better Used to Be going to INFINITIVES - USES - VERB + what/ when/ where/ why/ what time/ which/ whether /who/ how…+ inf Learn/teach/show/ instruct Tell/ ask/ require/ order Wonder/ decide/ make up my mind Explain/ know/ find out/ discover Remember/ forget INFINITIVES - USES V+ O + INF - advise/ encourage - allow / permit - suggest/ recommend - forbid AFTER VERBS OF SENSE - feel/ see / hear/ watch/ discover/ notice/ find INFINITIVES - USES AFTER REPORTING VERBS IN PASSIVE SENTENCE - know/ think/ believe/ tell/ say - expect/estimate - suppose/ assume/ consider - report/ announce/ inform IN SOME ABSOLUTE PHRASES - To be honest/ To sum up/ To tell the truth INFINITIVES - USES - - - AFTER NOUNS chance/ opportunity/ wish request/ promise/ offer/ order/ refusal/ effort/ intention/ attempt/ desire/ failure/ determination/ advice right/ ability/ ambition/ duty/ obligation/ task/ job/ plan/ decision eagerness/ willingness/ courage/ patience/ determination INFINITIVES - USES AFTER NOUNS AND PRONOUNS to show function, purpose A house to rent Someone to talk to Nowhere to go Too much to eat Enough to spend INFINITIVES - USES - AFTER ORDINALS AND SUPERLATIVES The first candidate to be chosen The best engineer to fix the machine TOO – ENOUGH Too old to get the post Not easy enough to learn INFINITIVES - USES PURPOSES -Full inf We study to expand the knowledge -In order (not) to Our Co joins the fair in order to introduce new products -So as (not) to We should improve the quality so as not to lose more customers INFINITIVES - USES AFTER ADJECTIVES - Adj showing characters (brave/ generous/ mean/ nice/ rude/ selfish/ sensible/ clever…) It is very kind of him to help me He is silly to invest in this project - Adj showing feeling (happy/ glad/ sorry/ ready/ sure/ willing/ disappointed…) I am pleased to hear that - Adj showing state (funny/ easy, necessary/ possible/ convenient/ hard…) It is unsafe to drive at high speed GERUNDS - TYPES Present gerund: doing Perfect gerund: having done Present passive gerund: being done Past passive gerund: having been done GERUNDS - USES SUBJECT Smoking is bad for health Investing in real estate is a wise decision • COMPLEMENT Her like is watching TV Our main activities are processing and exporting seafood • GERUNDS - USES - AFTER PREPOSITIONS by/ for/ about In spite of / despite without/ in stead of before/ after/ while beside/ in addition to GERUNDS - USES - AFTER ADJECTIVES (+ PREP.) worth/ busy disappointed about/ bored with/ interested in/ angry for/ shocked by/ used to/ ashamed for/ fond of/ excited about/ good at/ tired of/ incapable of… GERUNDS - USES - AFTER NOUNS (+ PREP.) attention to/ difficulty in/ advantage of/ success in/ dream of/ means of / way of/ opinion for (against)/ sign of/ intention of/ habit of/ mechanism for… E.g :There is no point in applying this approach It is no use (good) smoking They have the responsibility for training new workers GERUNDS - USES IN COMPOUND NOUNS: swimming pool/ traveling bag GO + Gerund go camping DO + Gerund gardening NO + Gerund (warning) No smoking No fishing GERUNDS - USES - AFTER VERBS OF SENSE: see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ find/ discover AFTER SOME VERBS: advise/ allow/ permit/ suggest/ recommend/ forbid/ encourage They not allow smoking in the office He advises learning Chinese GERUNDS - USES - AFTER PHRASAL VERBS stop from/ suspect of/ accuse of/ apologize for/ forgive for/ thank for/ insist on/ prevent from/ plan on/ succeed in/ approve of/ congratulate on/ complain of/ object to/ think of/ feel like/ save from… E.g.: We look forward to hearing from you soon GERUNDS - USES - - AFTER VERBS Showing likes and dislikes: love/ hate/ mind/ enjoy/ fancy/ prefer/ like/ dislike/ dread/ loathe/ can’t stand/ can’t help Showing process: start/ begin/ commence/ go on/ keep on/ come on/ keep/ continue/ carry on/ delay/ postpone/ defer/ finish/ stop/ put off/ quit/ end up/ cease GERUNDS - USES - AFTER SOME DEFINITE VERBS admit/ risk/ try/ deny/ excuse/ practice/ recall/ appreciate/ forget/ remember/ imagine/ spend time/ waste time/ regret/ miss/ understand/ save/ involve GERUNDS - NOTES Excuse my/ me disturbing (lam mat yen tinh) you Object (phan doi) to their/ them opening an account Approve of our/ us setting up company They not understand my/ me advising My boss highly appreciates (danh gia) my/ me working hard ... patience/ determination INFINITIVES - USES AFTER NOUNS AND PRONOUNS to show function, purpose A house to rent Someone to talk to Nowhere to go Too much to eat Enough to spend INFINITIVES - USES... - AFTER ORDINALS AND SUPERLATIVES The first candidate to be chosen The best engineer to fix the machine TOO – ENOUGH Too old to get the post Not easy enough to learn INFINITIVES - USES PURPOSES... are processing and exporting seafood • GERUNDS - USES - AFTER PREPOSITIONS by/ for/ about In spite of / despite without/ in stead of before/ after/ while beside/ in addition to GERUNDS - USES