c c gi l mt tớch vụ hng E nu vi bt k X, y ,z G E v a , G c, cỏc iu kin sau c tha (a) ( x ,y ) = ( y ,x ) (ký hiu ca s phc liờn hp) (b) ( a x + Py, z) = a ( x , z) + P{y, z) (c) (X, X) > (d) (X, x) = v ch X = Mt khụng gian vộct vi tớch vụ hng c gi l khụng gian tớch vụ hng Theo nh ngha, tớch vụ hng ca hai vộct l mt s phc Bi theo (a), (x , x ) = { x ,x ) cú ngha rng (x , x ) l mt s thc vi mi X E E M theo (b) ta cú (x, a y + 3z) = (a y + Pz, X) = a{y, X) + P(z, X) = ó ( y , X} + P (z, X) c bit, (a x , y } = a ( x , y ) v ( x ,a y ) = ó ( x , y ) T ú, nu a = 0, ta cú