CHUYÊN đề CONDITIONALS – WISHES

Đối vớicác em học sinh theo học khối D, A1 thì việc nắm vững được ngữ pháp Tiếng anh giúpcác em dành được điểm cao hơn trong các kì thi đặc biệt là kì thi vào Đại học.. “Conditionals – w

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BÁO CÁO CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI ĐẠI HỌC

MÔN: TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CONDITIONALS – WISHES

G/v Thực hiện: Phạm Thị Thanh Huyền

Năm học: 2013-2014

GIỚI THIỆU

Ngữ pháp là một phần rất quan trọng trong việc học ngoại ngữ Nắm chắc được ngữpháp giúp người học nghe, nói, đọc và viết được ngôn ngữ mà mình đang học Đối vớicác em học sinh theo học khối D, A1 thì việc nắm vững được ngữ pháp Tiếng anh giúpcác em dành được điểm cao hơn trong các kì thi đặc biệt là kì thi vào Đại học

“Conditionals – wishes” là một trong những mảng kiến thức quan trọng thường

thấy xuất hiện trong đề thi đại học ở cả hai phần như lexico Gammar và phần sentencetranfornation (chuyển đổi cấu trúc tương đương) Nhìn chung các em học sinh thường cóthể làm được các bài tập có liên quan đến câu điều kiện thông thường như loại I, II và III.Tuy nhiên khi gặp phải những câu là câu điều kiện lẫn lộn “mixed conditionals” hoặc một

số những cấu trúc câu điều kiện khác mà yêu cầu của đề thi đại học chủ yếu liên quan tớicác phần đó thì học sinh thường hay bị lúng túng, nhầm lẫn

Chính vì lí do này nên tôi chọn chuyên đề này nhằm mục đích cung cấp được chohọc sinh một cách đầy đủ về chuyên đề “Conditionals – wishes”, giúp các em hiểu và biếtcách vận dụng một cách nhuần nhuyễn phần mảng kiến thức này khi làm bài tập Và cuốicùng là tự tin hơn khi làm bài thi có gặp những câu hỏi liên quan đến kiến thức phần này

Đối tượng học sinh bồi dưỡng là các em học sinh theo học khối D, A1 đặc biệt làcác em đang chuẩn bị thi vào đại học

A Grammatical points

I Types of conditionals

II Other conditional structure

III “wishes” and other structures with “wishes”

IV Methods of teaching and learning

B System of Exercises and detailed explanation (key)

I Conditional Exercises

II “wishes” Exercises

b, Use

- General truths, scientific facts and definitions

(Sự thật luôn đúng, hiện tượng hay định nghĩa khoa học)

Eg: If air expands, it becomes lighter

2 First conditional

(present S, present cont or present

perf)

Can/may/might/must/should/ought

to, have to + V bare/ ingUse:

- Real or likely conditions in the present or future and theirs results in the present andfuture.

- To give instructions

(Nói về giả định có khả năng xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)

Watch out:

This suggest the situation is possible, but unlikely to happen

Eg: If you should bump into Alex at the concert, you will be able to get a left home.

invitations that depend on a certain condition in the present/future

If + a present tense, imperative

Eg: - If you decide to have a birthday party, tell me (commands)

- If you want the seat to reduce, press the button (instructions)

- If you come to Nha Trang, stay with us (imitations)

3 Second conditional (The unreal present)

(tobe: were in all persons)

b, use: - Impossible, unlikely or hypothetical conditions in the present or future and their results in the present or future also used to give advice

(giả định trái với thực tế ở hiện tại)

Eg: If I saw a ghost, I would run away

If I were you, I wouldn’t go out with him

Watch out:

In British English, we can use both “was” and “were” after if with first and third person singular “were” is more common in a formal style In American English, it is usual to use

“were”

UK: If I was/were a gambler, I’d put money on Jim being late

Us: If I were a gambler, I’d put money on J being late

- In both British and American English, “were” is usually used in the phrase “If I were you, ”

- Were to + Verb bare infinitive: This also makes an event move hypothetical.Eg: If I were to ask you to marry me, what would you say?/ hired conditional.

4 Third conditional

If + past perfect or past perfect

continuous

Would/could/might + have + past participle

b, use: - unreal situation in the past

- used to express regrets and criticism

(giả định trái với thực tế trong quá khứ.Bày tỏ sự tiếc nuối, phê bình/ chỉ trích)

Eg: - If I had locked the car, it wouldn’t have been stolen

(regret, it’s a pity I didn’t lock it)

- If I had behaved well, the teacher wouldn’t have punished him (criticism)

5 Mixed conditionals

5.a, Form If - clause Main – clause

Use: - hypothetical past condition and a present result

(Giả định trong quá khứ, kết quả ở hiện tại)

Eg: If I had listened to my parents, I wouldn’t be in so much trouble now

>< I didn’t had listened to my parents, I wouldn’t be in so much trouble now

Use: Hypothetical present condition and a past result

(Giả định ở hiện tại , kết quả trong quá khứ)

Eg: If I had a mobile, I would have called you last night

<I don’t have a mobile, I would have called you last night)

6 Inverted conditionals

Form:

- Should I/you/he etc instead of if I/you/he etc should

- Were I/you/he etc instead of if I/you/he etc were

- Had I/you/he etc instead of if I/you/he etc had

more formal and makes the event less likely

Example:

- If they were to escape, there would be an outcry

Were they to escape, there would be an outcry.

- If you should hear anything, let me know

Should you hear anything, let me know.

- If he has cheated, he will have to be punished

Should he have cheated, he will have to be punished

- If I had known, I would have protested strongly

Had I known, I would have protested strongly.

II Other conditional structures

 - As/so long as + clause : Miễn là

- Provided/ providing (that)

E.g: - We’ll go up to the mountains this weekend as long as the weather’s okay.

- You can have a pet provided that you promise to look after it properly

E.g: - Applications for membership are accepted on condition that applicants are over

18

- Supposing the price of oil tripled tomorrow What do you think would happen?

 It wasn’t/ weren’t for + noun : Nếu không vì

E.g: I think I’d be quite lonely if it wasn’t/ weren’t for my dog, Buster.

 Were it not for + noun:

E.g: Were it not for my dog, Buster, I think I’d be quite lonely

 But for + noun

E.g: But for your help, I wouldn’t have been able to quit gambling.

 If it hadn’t been for + noun

E.g: If it hadn’t been for your help, I wouldn’t have been able to quit gambling.

 Had it not been for + noun

E.g: Had it not been for your help, I wouldn’t have been able to quit gambling.

 If so/not: Nếu vậy

E.g: Are you concerned about the environment? If so, you might be interested in joining

Greenpeace

 Otherwise: Nếu không thì

E.g: You should have your air conditioner serviced, otherwise you’ll waste a lot of

energy

 Unless = If not

E.g: Unless governments act now, the environment is really going to suffer.

 In case of + noun: Trong Trường hợp

E.g: In case of fire, leave the building by the nearest emergency exit.

 In case: Phòng khi

E.g: Take a coat with you in case the weather gets worse.

III “wishes” and other structures with “wishes”

1 Wishes

I wish (If only)

(regret about the present) + Past simple

regret about a present situation which

we want to be different

E.g: I wish I were/ was more patient.( It’s pity I’m not patient enough)

(impossible wish

for a future change)

Subject + would + bare inf

(- “wish” and “would” should have different subjects We never say:

I wish I would, He wishes he would)

Wish for a future change unlikely to happen or wish

to express dissatisfaction; polite request implying dissatisfaction or lack of hope.

E.g: - I wish he would study for his exams ( But I don’t think he will- wish for a future

change unlikely to happen.)

- I wish Nam would go to university (Nam has refused to do so and I’m unhappy about

it.- dissatisfaction )

- I wish you would be quiet ( Please be quiet: but I don’t expect you will.- request

implying lack of hope.)

- I wish it would stop snowing ( But I’m afraid it won’t stop snowing – wish implying

disappointment.)

(regret about the

E.g: I wish I had gone to An’s party last night (But I didn’t – It’s a pity I didn’t go.)

Watch out: In wishes, we go one tense back This means that we use Past simple in the

present and past perfect in the past

E.g: I’m poor I wish I were ric (present)

- I lost my watch yesterday I wish I hadn’t lost it (past)

After I wish we can use were in stead of was in all persons

- I wish I were/was taller.

If only means the same as I wish but it is more dramatic.

- If only I was/ were taller

2 Other structures with “wish/ if only”

a Wishes about ability or permission

Form:

 Wish/ If only + could

E.g: I wish I could find a job that pays well.

b Wished about past ability or permission.

Form

 Wish/ if only + could perfect infinitive

E.g: I wish I could have afforded a new car last year,

c To express desires in a very formal way.

Form

 Wish + full infinitive

E.g: I wish to speak to the head master.

d To wish someone luck/ happiness/ success/ etc Form:

 Wish + noun

E.g: - I wish him a success

IV Methods of teaching and learning (Hệ Thống các phương pháp dạy và học chuyên đề).

- Để giúp các em có thể nắm bắt được phần kiến thức một cách dễ dàng và áp dụng các loại bài tập đa dạng một cách linh hoạt chính xác mà không bị nhàm chán tôi cố gắng đưa ra công thức chung đối với từng cấu trúc, lấy những ví dụ cụ thể gần gũi với đời sống thực tế để giúp các em dễ dàng hình dung và có thể áp dụngvào thực tế để khắc ghi hơn nữa với từng trường hợp một

- Tôi cố gắng tìm các tài liệu, bài tập có lồng ghép các hình ảnh sinh động và hài ước để làm cho bài học trở nên hấp dẫn không gây sự nhàm chán, đơn điệu

- Hướng dẫn các em chú ý đến từng cấu trúc và ỹ nghĩa của từng cấu trúc, cái sẽ giúp các

em nhận biết được phương án nào là đúng theo cấu trúc và ý nghĩa trong đề thi.

- Mặc dù đề thi ra theo lối trắc nghiệm, nhưng tôi vẫn cố gắng tìm các tài liệu, bài tập liên quan theo hình thức tự luận trước, yêu cầu các em làm các bài tập đó một cách nhuần nhuyễn Vì khi đã làm được bài tập tự luận một cách nhuần nhuyễn tức là các em

đã nhớ được các trường hợp của chuyên đề ngữ pháp đó nên việc làm các bài trắc

nghiệm sẽ không khó khăn gi đối với các em.

B System of Exercises and detailed explanation (key)

I Conditionals

Exercise 2: match to make sentence

procedure

6 If you hire care isn’t there when you arrive, F we’d be happy to give you a good reference

destroyed

government

Exercise 3 Rewrite using an appropriate conditional form, starting with the words given.

1 Sue didn’t get me a birthday present, which is why I didn’t get her one

1 If you (see) Ann, will you give her this message? (slight possibility)

2 We’ll go skiing in the mountains if it (snow) (possibility)

3 If he (keep)talking, he’ll never learn anything (insistence)

4 Perhaps I could sit there too if you (move) over a little (polite request).

5 If you (lend) me your car, I’ll get to work on time (request).

6 What will you do if you (lose) your ticket? ( slight possibility)

7 If you (eat) so many sweets, you will get stomach-ache (insistence)

8 If I (arrive) earlier than planned, I’ll phone you (slight possibility

Exercise 5: Match the parts of the sentences

3 We’ll go to the beach

Exersise 6: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense:

Neil isn’t happy with his life If he (1.listen) to his mother’s advice, he (2 stay) a school and gone on to university He (3 can/find) a good job if hehad got a degree Neil hates the job he is doing now He thinks he (4 go) crazy

if he (5 stay) there much longer If he (6.be) offered another job, hewould take it immediately In fact, he (7 leave) if he (8 can) afford

to, but he can’t Life .(9 be) easier if he .(10 not/have) twochildren to support

Exersise 7: Rewrite the sentences, starting with the words given.

1 The only reason we won the contract was Debbie’s fantastic presentation

We wouldn’t have

2 The eventual arrival of the ferry prevented a fight from breaking out amongst the passengers

If I hadn’t been for

3 None of the passengers was injured because of the drivers quick’s reaction

1 Without this new diet, Henry would never have lost so much weight it

Had this new diet, Henry would never have lost so

Provided , the plans, we’ll see you on the 19th

3 If you applied now, there’s a good chance you would get the job apply

Were , there’s a good chance you would get the job

4 I didn’t know about your problem so I didn’t offer to help have

If I’d know about your problem, to help

5 It could get cold at night, so take some warm clothes in

Take some warm clothes cold at night

6 I’d love to travel the world if I didn’t have to pay off my mortgage having

Were to pay of my mortgage, I’d love to travel the world

7 Ten years ago, people would have complained at seeing this film, seen

Had , they would have complained

8 Drivers are allowed to park here if they display a local resident permit condition

Drivers are allowed to park here they display a local resident permit

Exersise 9 (Mixed conditional): Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.

1 If you as I told you, you sorry now

2 If he tickets yesterday, he on the beach now

3 If you less last night, you so bad today

4 If he his work yesterday, he free today

5 If you into accounts his behavior then, you so much trouble now

6 You a star now if you the part in the film then

7 If she to change a job last year, she to China next month

8 If he a good musician, he part in yesterday’s correct

9 If You the movie late last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy now

10 If my candidate had won the election, I happy now

A am B would be

Exersise 10: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences or that has the same meaning to the original one,

1 I’ll help you if

B you tell me the truth D you have told me the truth

2 I wouldn’t have got wet

3 _ , he would not have had the accident yesterday

A If Peter driven more carefully

B If had Peter driven more carefully

C Had Peter driven more carefully

D Unless Peter had driven more carefully

4 I didn’t listen to him and I didn’t succeed

A If I listened to him, I would have succeed

B If I had listened to him, I’d have succeeded

C If I had listened to him, I would succeed

D If I listened to him, I would succeed

5 If he doesn’t apologize, I will never invite him here again

A Unless he apologizes, then I will never invite him here again

B Unless he apologizes, or I will never invite him here again

C Unless he doesn’t apologize, I will never invite him here again

D Unless he apologizes, I will never invite him here again

6 I have to work tomorrow morning, so I can’t meet you

A If I don’t have to work tomorrow morning, I can meet you

B If I didn’t have to work tomorrow morning, I would meet you

C I could meet you if I don’t have to work tomorrow morning

D I can meet you if I didn’t have to work tomorrow morning

7 Do your homework first and I’ll let you play the computer games

A I won’t allow you to do homework when you play the computer games