QUI TẮC CHUYỂN LỜI NÓI TRỰC TIẾP SANG GIÁN TIẾP Muốn chuyển một câu trần thuật từ lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp cần phải chú ý những thay ñổi sau ñây: 1.. Chuyển những câu sau ñây sa
Trang 1I GIỚI THIỆU
Khi thuật lại lời nói của người khác, ta có thể nhắc lại nguyên văn Trường hợp này gọi là lời nói trực tiếp
(Direct Speech) và khi viết phải ñặt trong ngoặc kép
Ex: Nam said, “I am going to the cinema”
Nhưng ta cũng có thể sửa ñổi chút ít và lồng vào câu nói của mình Trường hợp này gọi là lời nói gián tiếp
(Indirect speech)
Ex: Nam said that he was going to the cinema
II QUI TẮC CHUYỂN LỜI NÓI TRỰC TIẾP SANG GIÁN TIẾP
Muốn chuyển một câu trần thuật từ lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp cần phải chú ý những thay ñổi sau ñây:
1 ðổi ngôi thứ của ñại từ nhân xưng, tính từ và ñại từ sở hữu cho thích hợp
Ex:
I am going to repair your bicycle;
you can take mine
We did the work ourselves
Nam told me that he was going to
repair my bicycle and I could take his
They said that they had done the work themselves
2 Nếu nhắc lại lời nói trong quá khứ và dùng ñộng từ ở thì quá khứ trong mệnh ñề chính (He
said…; they told…) thì ñộng từ trong lời nói gián tiếp phải lùi về quá khứ một bước theo các quy tắc và thí
dụ sau ñây:
3 Thay ñổi những tính từ, phó từ hay cụm phó từ chỉ nơi chốn, thời gian… cho thích hợp,
theo những quy tắc và thí dụ sau ñây
This, these, here, now, today,
tomorrow, yesterday
Three days, ago
Last week, next week
That, those, there, then, that day, the next day, the previous day (the day before)
Three days, before
The previous week, the next week (the following week)
CÂU TRỰC TIẾP, GIÁN TIẾP VÀ CHỮA BÀI TẬP CÓ LIÊN QUAN
(TÀI LIỆU BÀI GIẢNG)
Giáo viên: VŨ THỊ MAI PHƯƠNG
Trang 2Ex:
I met the man here in this office today He said (that) he had met the man there,
in that office that day
We spoke to him the day before
yesterday
We shall be home tomorrow
I will do it here and now
He said (that) they had spoken to him two days before
They would be home the next day
He would do it there and then
Chuyển những câu sau ñây sang lời nói gián tiếp:
1 He said: “My son will be here soon”
2 They said: “We have never been defeated”
3 She told me: “I am going to the party with my mother”
4 They said: “We have plenty of time to do our work”
5 They declared: “We shall continue to fight till final victory”
6 He told them at once: “The trains is gone, you are too late”
7 He said: “This is the book you have been looking for”
8 She said: “You can come with us if you like”
9 The old man said: “I will take you to my house right now”
10 He was still declaring: “You are the man who did it”
11 The new was announced: “The hero is coming”
12 She said: “I wrote to my sister only last week”
13 The man declared: “I shall be doing exactly the same work next Monday as I am doing today”
14 The foreigner told him: “I am French but I have learned English at school”
15 The boy said: “I have to go to the dentist tomorrow”
16 We were informed: “The car is ready; we shall have to get back before the clock strikes four”
17 The librarian said: “This book was lent to him weeks ago and he has only just returned it”
18 The girl said: “I was born in 1954 and I have been living in this small town since”
19 They said: “We have stayed here for a month; we shall go home next week”
20 He repeated day after day: “This climate does not suit my health; I must go away as soon as I can”
Chuyển những câu sau ñây sang lời nói trực tiếp Chú ý thêm dấu chấm câu và viết hoa cho ñúng:
1 He said he was very sorry for the mistake he had made
2 My father told me that I could go to the seaside this summer
3 He said that the train would arrive in five minutes
4 She said that she hoped it wouldn’t rain that morning
5 He admitted that he had not worked so hard as his brother had done
6 She promised her friend that she would write to her every week
7 The boy said that he would be 18 on the 1st of May
Trang 38 They said that he had deserved their thanks for all be had done
9 The manager assured them that he had would return before they left
10 The Chairman told me he had been reading the documents all day
11 The policemen told him they would never believe what he said
12 All who heard this said he was speaking the truth
III CÂU HỎI GIÁN TIẾP
Khi chuyển câu hỏi sang lời nói gián tiếp cũng phải áp dụng những quy tắc chung như ñối với câu trân thuật, nhưng còn chú ý thêm những ñiểm sau ñây:
1 ðộng từ trong mệnh ñề chính ñể giới thiệu lời nói gián tiếp là ask (hoặc enquire, wonder, want
to know, v.v…)
2 Từ ñể nối mệnh ñề phụ là if hoặc want to know, v.v…
3 Từ ñể nối mệnh ñề phụ là if hoặc whether ñối với câu hỏi chung và ñối với câu hỏi ñặc biệt bắt ñầu bằng các nghi vấn what, why, v.v… thì dùng lại các từ ñó
4 Dạng câu hỏi chuyển thành câu trần thuật do ñó không dùng các trợ ñộng từ do, did, does,
trong câu hỏi gián tiếp
Ex:
a Câu hỏi chung
Is that boy your brother?
Can you speak Russian?
Will you come tomorrow?
Has Henry worked hard?
He asked me if (whether) that boy was
my brother
He asked me if I could speak Russian
He asked if I would come the next day
He enquired whether Henry had
worked hard
Do they understand us?
Did you see Ba yesterday?
Does she play the piano?
Shall we accept the offer
They wondered if they understood
them
He wanted to know if I had seen Ba the
day before
He said if she played the piano
He wondered whether we should accept
the offer
b Câu hỏi ñặc biệt
What is your name?
Where does she live?
What did the teacher say?
How will it work?
How have you come back
He asked me what my name was
He enquired where she lived
He asked what the teacher had said
He wondered how it would work
She asked me why I had come back
Trang 4Who teaches you that rule? He wanted to know who taught us that
rule
Chuyển những câu sau ñây sang lời nói gián tiếp (bắt ñầu bằng: He asked…; they enquired… v.v…)
1 What do you want, my boy?
2 Who will come to the pictures with me?
3 Is your new baby a boy or a girl, Mrs Brown?
4 May I borrow your bicycle, Nam?
5 When will you get back from Peking, Mr Counsellor?
6 When did they tell you that?
7 Have you seen the new film?
8 Which is the road to Long Bien Bridge?
9 How do you spell your name?
10 Did they all attend the meeting?
11 Where are they going tonight?
12 How did they travel back home?
13 Who showed enjoying yourself?
15 Does she always wear that blue dress?
16 Why does he sing so loudly?
17 Which book are you reading?
18 Ought the light to be on?
19 Will the taxi be here at seven o’clock?
20 Where has she put her hat?
IV CÂU CẦU KHIẾN GIÁN TIẾP
Chuyển câu cầu khiến sang lời nói gián tiếp phải theo các quy tắc sau:
1 Mệnh ñề chính ñể giới thiệu phải dùng những ñộng từ như order, command, tell, ask, request…
tiếp theo là tân ngữ chỉ người ñược lệnh hay yêu cầu
2 ðộng từ trong nguyên văn ở mức mệnh lệch phải ñổi sang dạng ñộng từ nguyên thể có to ñứng
trước Nếu mệnh lệch ở thể phụ ñịnh thì thêm not trước to + infinitive
Get out!
Sit down, please
Please give us some help
Fire
He ordered him (them) to get out
She asked me (him) to sit down
They requested us to give them some help
The office commanded the soldiers to fire
Don’t leave the door open
Don’t come here tomorrow
Don’t run away
He asked me not to leave the door open
He told us not come there the next day
He ordered them not to run away
Trang 5V CÂU HỖN HỢP
Trường hợp phải chuyển những câu hỗn hợp gồm các loại câu trần thuật, câu hỏi và câu cầu khiến sang lời nói gián tiếp, thì cũng phải dùng những ñộng từ thích hợp ñể giới thiệu từng phần
Ex:
- “I am off to the pictures Where are you going?”
He said that he was off to the pictures and wanted to know where I was going
- “I have left my watch on your desk Please bring it back to me”
He said that he had left his watch on my desk and asked me to bring it back to him
Chuyển những câu sau ñây sang lời nói gián tiếp:
1 Go at once!
2 Have a cup of tea, please
3 Wrap it up in a piece of paper
4 Don’t put your elbow on the table
5 Write your name clearly on the top
6 Don’t wipe your dirty fingers on my clothes
7 Wait here under the tree until the rain stops
8 Come and see me whenever you have a few hours to spare
9 Don’t spend all your money on food and drinks
10 Be careful, don’t answer hastily
11 Bring the gun into position
12 Hurry up if you want to go out with me
Chuyển những câu sau ñây sang lời nói gián tiếp:
1 It is cold here Is the window open?
2 Do you think it will rain? – It is cloudy
3 I must write some letters now – What date is it?
4 How do you like my brother’s hat? – I bought it for him in a department store
5 What time is it? – My watch has stopped
6 This is the most interesting book Have you read it?
7 Are you free tomorrow night? – I would like you to come to my party
8 What is the matter? – You don’t look very well
9 We are going for a walk Would you like to come, too?
10 How far is it to Nam Dinh? I hope we can get there before dark
Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương Nguồn : Hocmai.vn
Trang 6A Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence
1 John asked me … in English
A what does this word mean B what that word means
C what did this word mean D what that word meant
2 The mother told her son … so impolitely
A not behave B not to behave C not behaving D did not behave
3 She said she … collect it for me after work
4 She said I … an angel
5 Jason told me that he … his best in the exam the … day
A had done / following B will do / previous
C would do / following D was going / previous
6 I told him … the word to Jane somehow that I … to reach her during the early hours
A passing / will try B he will pass / tried
C to pass / would be trying D he passed / have tried
7 Laura said she had worked on the assignment since …
A yesterday B two days ago C the day before D the next day
8 John asked me … interested in any kind of sports
A if I were B if were I C if was I D if I was
9 I … you everything I am doing, and you have to do the same
A will tell B would tell C told D was telling
10 John asked me … that film the night before
A that I saw B had I seen C if I had seen D if had I seen
11 Peter said that he had lived in London four years …
12 The guest told the host that …
C he had to go now D he had to go then
13 The teacher told Joe …
A to stop talking B stop talking C stops talking D stopped talking
14 She said she …
A was very tired last night B was very tired the night before
C had been very tired last night D had been very tired the night before
15 Emily said that her teacher … to London …
A will go / tomorrow B went / tomorrow
C would go / the next day D had gone / the next day
CÂU TRỰC TIẾP, GIÁN TIẾP VÀ CHỮA BÀI TẬP CÓ LIÊN QUAN
(BÀI TẬP TỰ LUYỆN)
Giáo viên: VŨ THỊ MAI PHƯƠNG
Trang 716 She told the boys … on the grass
A do not play B did not play C not playing D not to play
17 She asked …
A where was her umbrella B where her umbrella was
C where were her umbrella D where her umbrella were
18 Jason asked me … me the book the day before
19 Robert said that his father … to Dallas the year before
20 He wanted to know … shopping during the previous morning
A if we had been going B that if we had been going
21 He asked me … Robert and I said I did not know …
A that did I know / who were Robert B that I knew / who Robert were
C if I knew / who Robert was D whether I knew / who was Robert
22 The mother asked her son …
A where he has been B where he had been
C where has he been D where had he been
23 Martin asked me …
24 The host asked Peter … tea or coffee
A whether he preferred B that he preferred
25 She asked me … my holidays …
A where I spent / the previous year B where I had spent / the previous year
C where I spent / last year D where did I spend / last year
26 He advised … too far
A her did not go B her do not go C her not to go D she did not go
27 John often says he … boxing because it … a cruel sport
A does not like / is B did not like / were
C not liked / had been D had not liked / was
28 Nancy asked me why I had not gone to New York the summer …
29 He asked … him some money
A her to lend B she to lend C she has lent D she lends
30 Andrew told me that they … fish two … days
A have not eaten / ago B had not eaten / previous
C did not eat / before D would not eat / last
B Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting
1 Did you say that you will have a lot of things to do the following week?
A B C D
Trang 82 He told me to that he had sent the gift
C Choose one sentence that best rewrites the sentence given
1 “Why don’t you ask the teacher for help?” Peter asked me
A Peter advised me to ask the teacher for help
B Peter recommended me not to ask the teacher for help
Trang 9C Peter told me the reason why I did not ask the teacher for help
D Peter suggested that he should ask the teacher for help
2 The driver said to us: “Don’t get off the bus while it’s going.”
A The driver told us not to get off the bus while it was going
B The driver told to us not to get off the bus while it was going
C The driver said to us not to get off the bus while it was going
D The driver told us don’t get off the bus while it was going
3 She asked me: “How high was the church?”
A She asked me how high the church is
B She asked me how high is the church
C She asked me how high the church had been
D She asked me how the church had been
4 The director asked the secretary to send him an application form
A “Send him an application form”, the director asked the secretary
B “To send him an application form”, the director said to the secretary
C “Send me an application form”, the director asked the secretary
D “To send me an application form”, the director said to the secretary
5 Tom said to me: “Did they tell you when they left?”
A Tom asked me if they had told me when they had left
B Tom asked me if they had told me when they left
C Tom asked me if they told me when they had left
D Tom asked me if they told me when they left
6 Helen said: “I bought this camera last month.”
A Helen said she bought that camera last month
B Helen said she had bought that camera the month before
C Helen said she bought that camera the month before
D Helen said she had bought this camera the month before
7 She asked: “Will it rain tonight?”
A She asked me if it would rain tonight
B She asked me if it will rain that night
C She asked me if it rains that night
D She asked me if it would rain that night
8 He asked me: “Have you just returned from a tour of France?”
A He asked me if I have just returned from a tour of France
B He asked me if I had just return from a tour of France
C He asked me if I had just returned from a tour of France
D He asked me if I has just returned from a tour of France
9 The teacher ordered me not to make so much noise
A “Didn’t make so much noise”, the teacher told me
B “Not to make so much noise”, the teacher ordered me
C “Don’t make so much noise”, the teacher said to me
D “Not make so much noise”, the teacher said me
10 Helen asked: “Do you want to make a musical instrument?”
A Helen asked me if I want to make a musical instrument
B Helen asked me if I will want to make a musical instrument
Trang 10C Helen asked me if I wanted to make a musical instrument
D Helen asked me if I won’t want to make a musical instrument
11 “What is the name of your latest album?”, Tom asked Helen
A Tom asked Helen what the name of her latest album is
B Tom asked Helen what the name of her latest album will be
C Tom asked Helen what the name of her latest album would be
D Tom asked Helen what the name of her latest album was
12 She asked me where I was going the following day
A She asked me: “Where I am going tomorrow?”
B She asked me: “Where was I going tomorrow?”
C She asked me: “Where are you going tomorrow?”
D She asked me: “Where were you going tomorrow?”
13 John asked me where I had put his book
A John said to me: “Where have you put her book?”
B John said to me: “Where have you put my book?”
C John said to me: “Where you have put her book?”
D John said to me: “Where have you put my book?”
14 “Thank you very much for your help, John,” said Daisy
A Daisy thanked John for helping her
B Daisy told John to help her
C Daisy wanted John to help her and said thanks
D Daisy would like John to help her
15 “Don’t stay up late You should go to bed early”, Peter told me
A Peter told me not to stay up late and promised to go to bed early
B Peter promised not to stay up late and told me to go to bed early
C Peter told me do not to stay up late and advised me to go to bed early
D Peter told me not to stay up late and advised me to go to bed early
16 “I will bring you some food”, he said to me
A He invited me to eat some food
B He offered to bring me some food
C He told me to bring some food
D He advised me to bring some food
17 “Go on, Susan! Apply for the job”, the father said
A The father invited Susan to apply for the job
B The father denied applying for the job
C The father encouraged Susan to apply for the job
D The father wanted Susan not to apply for the job
18 ‘’ Whose composition haven’t we heard yet?’’
-> The teacher asked us to tell her………
A Whose composition we haven’t heard yet
B Whose composition we hadn’t heard yet
C Whose composition hadn’t we heard yet
D Whose composition we hadn’t heard yet?
19 “Hi, Bob Did you take the job?”
-> Bob’s friend asked him ………
Trang 11A did he take the job
B whether you took the job
C if he had taken the job
D had he taken the job
20 “How many people are there in your family?”
-> The interviewer asked me………
A how many people there were in your family
B how many people were there in your family
C how many people were there in my family
D how many people there were in my family
Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương Nguồn : Hocmai.vn
Trang 12A Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence
1 John asked me … in English
A what does this word mean B what that word means
C what did this word mean D what that word meant
2 The mother told her son … so impolitely
A not behave B not to behave C not behaving D did not behave
3 She said she … collect it for me after work
4 She said I … an angel
5 Jason told me that he … his best in the exam the … day
C would do / following D was going / previous
6 I told him … the word to Jane somehow that I … to reach her during the early hours
A passing / will try B he will pass / tried
7 Laura said she had worked on the assignment since …
A yesterday B two days ago C the day before D the next day
8 John asked me … interested in any kind of sports
A if I were B if were I C if was I D if I was
9 I … you everything I am doing, and you have to do the same
10 John asked me … that film the night before
A that I saw B had I seen C if I had seen D if had I seen
11 Peter said that he had lived in London four years …
12 The guest told the host that …
13 The teacher told Joe …
14 She said she …
A was very tired last night B was very tired the night before
C had been very tired last night D had been very tired the night before
15 Emily said that her teacher … to London …
A will go / tomorrow B went / tomorrow
CÂU TRỰC TIẾP, GIÁN TIẾP VÀ CHỮA BÀI TẬP CÓ LIÊN QUAN
(ðÁP ÁN BÀI TẬP TỰ LUYỆN)
Giáo viên: VŨ THỊ MAI PHƯƠNG
Trang 1316 She told the boys … on the grass
A do not play B did not play C not playing D not to play
17 She asked …
A where was her umbrella B where her umbrella was
C where were her umbrella D where her umbrella were
18 Jason asked me … me the book the day before
19 Robert said that his father … to Dallas the year before
20 He wanted to know … shopping during the previous morning
21 He asked me … Robert and I said I did not know …
A that did I know / who were Robert B that I knew / who Robert were
22 The mother asked her son …
C where has he been D where had he been
23 Martin asked me …
24 The host asked Peter … tea or coffee
25 She asked me … my holidays …
A where I spent / the previous year B where I had spent / the previous year
C where I spent / last year D where did I spend / last year
26 He advised … too far
A her did not go B her do not go C her not to go D she did not go
27 John often says he … boxing because it … a cruel sport
C not liked / had been D had not liked / was
28 Nancy asked me why I had not gone to New York the summer …
29 He asked … him some money
30 Andrew told me that they … fish two … days
A have not eaten / ago B had not eaten / previous
C did not eat / before D would not eat / last
B Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting
1 Did you say that you will have a lot of things to do the following week?
A B C D
Trang 142 He told me to that he had sent the gift
C Choose one sentence that best rewrites the sentence given
1 “Why don’t you ask the teacher for help?” Peter asked me
A Peter advised me to ask the teacher for help
B Peter recommended me not to ask the teacher for help
Trang 15C Peter told me the reason why I did not ask the teacher for help
D Peter suggested that he should ask the teacher for help
2 The driver said to us: “Don’t get off the bus while it’s going.”
A The driver told us not to get off the bus while it was going
B The driver told to us not to get off the bus while it was going
C The driver said to us not to get off the bus while it was going
D The driver told us don’t get off the bus while it was going
3 She asked me: “How high was the church?”
A She asked me how high the church is
B She asked me how high is the church
C She asked me how high the church had been
D She asked me how the church had been
4 The director asked the secretary to send him an application form
A “Send him an application form”, the director asked the secretary
B “To send him an application form”, the director said to the secretary
C “Send me an application form”, the director asked the secretary
D “To send me an application form”, the director said to the secretary
5 Tom said to me: “Did they tell you when they left?”
A Tom asked me if they had told me when they had left
B Tom asked me if they had told me when they left
C Tom asked me if they told me when they had left
D Tom asked me if they told me when they left
6 Helen said: “I bought this camera last month.”
A Helen said she bought that camera last month
B Helen said she had bought that camera the month before
C Helen said she bought that camera the month before
D Helen said she had bought this camera the month before
7 She asked: “Will it rain tonight?”
A She asked me if it would rain tonight
B She asked me if it will rain that night
C She asked me if it rains that night
D She asked me if it would rain that night
8 He asked me: “Have you just returned from a tour of France?”
A He asked me if I have just returned from a tour of France
B He asked me if I had just return from a tour of France
C He asked me if I had just returned from a tour of France
D He asked me if I has just returned from a tour of France
9 The teacher ordered me not to make so much noise
A “Didn’t make so much noise”, the teacher told me
B “Not to make so much noise”, the teacher ordered me
C “Don’t make so much noise”, the teacher said to me
D “Not make so much noise”, the teacher said me
10 Helen asked: “Do you want to make a musical instrument?”
A Helen asked me if I want to make a musical instrument
B Helen asked me if I will want to make a musical instrument