CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN, CÂU ĐIỀU ƯỚC VÀ THỂ GIẢ ĐỊNH (CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI ĐẠI HỌC CỦA CÔ VŨ THỊ MAI PHƯƠNG)

Khóa học LTðH môn Tiếng Anh – Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương Bốn loại câu ñiều kiện và chữa câu hỏi trong ñề thiI.. Khóa học LTðH môn Tiếng Anh – Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương Bốn loại câ

Trang 1

Khóa học LTðH môn Tiếng Anh – Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương Bốn loại câu ñiều kiện và chữa câu hỏi trong ñề thi

I CÁCH DÙNG CƠ BẢN

1 Loại I

- Nếu mệnh ñề IF diễn tả một hành ñộng có thật và sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai hoặc hiện tại, hay một sự thật luôn luôn ñúng, ta dùng cấu trúc:

If + S + Simple Present, S + will/ Simple Present/ modal Verb

Ex: If I work late, I get tired

If you get wet, you should change your clothes

If I have money, I will buy the car

- Diễn tả một sự thật luôn luôn ñúng ở quá khứ Ta có cấu trúc:

If + S + Simple Past, S+ Simple Past

Ex: We went home early if it was foggy

2 Loại II

Diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại Ta dùng cấu trúc:

If + S + Simple Past ( Past subjunctive), S + would + V

Ex: If I were you, I would buy this car

If I had money, I would buy this car ( Lúc này tôi ko có tiền Tôi không thể mua xe.)

Lưu ý: Simple Past ở mệnh ñề IF ñối với TO BE, luôn dùng WERE (Trừ văn nói)

3 Loại III:

Diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở quá khứ Ta dùng cấu trúc:

If + S + Past Perfect, S + would have + Past Participle

Ex: If I had had money, I would have bought the car

( Vào thời ñiểm ñó trong quá khứ, tôi không có tiền.)

II SỰ BIẾN ðỔI CÂU

1 Unless và if not (trừ khi)

Unless/ If not + clause

Ex: You will be late for dinner unless you hurry

You will be late for dinner if you don't hurry

( Nếu bạn không làm gấp, bạn sẽ trễ bữa cơm.)

BỐN LOẠI CÂU ðIỀU KIỆN VÀ CHỮA CÂU HỎI TRONG ðỀ THI

(TÀI LIỆU BÀI GIẢNG)

Giáo viên: VŨ THỊ MAI PHƯƠNG

Trang 2

2 Cấu trúc 1:

Diễn tả một sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ, nhưng có kết quá ở hiện tại Ta có cấu trúc:

If + S + past perfect, S + would + V

Ex: If Jim hadn't missed the plane, he would be here by now

( Jim ở ñây vì anh ta trễ chuyến bay.)

3 Cấu trúc với SHOULD

Sau IF, nó diễn tả một sự việc khó có thể xảy ra Ta dùng:

If + S + should + V, clause

Ex: If you should see Ann, could you ask her to call me?

( Tôi không mong ñợi rằng bạn sẽ gặp Ann.)

4 Cấu trúc với HAPPEN TO

Dùng ñể nhấn mạnh sự tình cờ hoặc cơ hội của một sự việc

If + S + Happen to, clasue

Ex: If you happen to see Helen, could you ask her to call me?

( Nếu bạn tình cờ gặp Helen, bạn nhắn cô ấy gọi mình nhé?)

5 Cấu trúc với IF IT WERE NOT FOR/ IF IT HADN'T BEEN FOR

Dùng ñể miêu tả một sự việc này phụ thuộc vào sự việc kia

If + it + were not for / hadn't been for + Noun, clause

Ex: If it were not for Jim, this company would be in a mess

If it hadn't been for the goalkeeper, Vietnam would have lost

( Nếu không có thủ môn, chắc Việt Nam ñã thua rồi.)

III MỘT SỐ CÁCH DÙNG KHÁC

1 Supposing, otherwise

Supposing/ Suppose thay thế mệnh ñề IF (câu ñiều kiện) trong văn nói

Ex: Supposing you won the football match, what would you do?

( Nếu bạn thắng trong trận ñá bóng, bạn sẽ làm gì?)

Otherwise nghĩa là " hoặc nếu ko" Nó có thể ñứng ở ñầu câu hay cuối câu

Ex: If you hadn't given us the directions, we wouldn't have found the house

=> Thanks for your directions to the house We wouldn't have found it otherwise

(Cảm ơn sự chỉ dẫn của bạn Chúng tôi sẽ không tìm ra căn nhà nếu không có nó.)

2 Cấu trúc BUT FOR

Nó thay thế cho cấu trúc " IF NOT" Dạng này thường sử dụng trong văn phong lịch sự

BUT FOR + Noun…

Ex: If you hadn't helped us, we would have been in trouble

=> But for your help, we would have been in trouble

Trang 3

3 Cấu trúc: If + adjcetive

If + adjective, clause

Dạng này ñược lược bỏ TO BE

Ex: If necessary, you can take a taxi

Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương

Trang 4

A Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence

1 I would have visited you before if there quite a lot of people in your house

A hadn't B hadn't been C wouldn't be D wasn't

2 If you had caught the bus, you _ late for work

A wouldn't have been B would have been

C wouldn't be D would be

3 If I , I would express my feelings

A were asked B would ask C had been asked D asked

4 If as I told her, she would have succeeded

A she has done B she had done C she does D she did

5 Will you be angry if I your pocket dictionary?

A stole B have stolen C were to steal D steal

6 You made a mistake by telling her a lie It better if you to her

A would have been / hadn't lied C would be / didn't lie

B will be / don't lie D would be / hadn't lied

7 John would be taking a great risk if he _his money in that business

A would invest B invested C had invested D invests

8 She wouldn't have given them all that money if we her to

A wouldn't advise C won't advise

B hadn't advised D didn't advise

9 If the tree hadn't been so high, he it up to take his kite down

A could have climbed B climb

C is climbing D climbed

10 If the wall weren't so high, he _ it up to take his ball down

A climbed B could climb C is climbing D climb

11 If I _her phone number, I _ her

A had known / could have phoned C knew / would have phoned

B know / can phone D knew / could phone

12 If we to London when we _ in England, you would have never seen Big Ben

A hadn't gone / were B went / were

C went / are D go / are

13 If you press that button what _ ?

A would happen B would have happened

C will happen D happen

14 She says if she that the traffic lights were red she _

A had realized / would stop C realized / could have stopped

B has realized / stopped D had realized / would have stopped

BỐN LOẠI CÂU ðIỀU KIỆN VÀ CHỮA CÂU HỎI TRONG ðỀ THI

(BÀI TẬP TỰ LUYỆN)

Trang 5

15 I am very thin I think, if I smoking, I might get fat

A stop B had stopped C will stop D stopped

16 If I _that yesterday, I _ them

A had discovered / would inform C had discovered / would have informed

B had discovered / could inform D discovered / can inform

17 If you to the course regularly, they a certificate last year

A go / gave C go / give

B had gone / would have given D went / would give

18 I think he is not at home If he in, he _the phone

A was / answered C were / would answer

B were / would have answered D had been / would have answered

19 If I in London now, I could visit British Museum

A were B had been C have been D would be

20 If Columbus money from Queen Isabella, he across the Atlantic

A do not receive / could not sail C had not received / might not have sailed

B did not receive / might not have sailed D would not receive / might not sail

21 If you didn't wear shabby clothes, you _ more good-looking

A will be B would be C would have been D can be

22 If your hair _ grey now, what you ?

A went / would / do C goes / would /do

B had gone / would/do D had gone / would have / done

23 If you _ be someone, who you _ ?

A could / would / have been C could / would / be

B can / will / be D are able to / will / be

24 If I _an Angel, I would try to make happy all the children

A am B have been C were D had been

A would invest B invested C had invested D invests

26 It if nobody had reminded them

A would have be forgot B would have been forgotten

C would have forget D would have been forgot

27 The car _ if somebody takes it there

A will be repaired B would be repaired

C will been repaired D is repair

28 You to prison if you did that

A would be send B would have been sent

C would be sent D were sent

29 You would study Italian if it _ here

A was teaching B were taught C would be taught D is taught

30 It _if nobody reminded them

A was forgotten B would be forget

C would be forgot D would forgot

31 The magazine _ by more people if it had better articles

A would be reading B would read

C would be read D been read

Trang 6

32 The joke would not be funny if it _ into French

A were translated B was translated C was be translated D translated

33 A doctor if somebody falls ill

A will be cold for B will be called for

C will call for D would be call for

34 Would she go if she _?

A were invited B was be invited C have been invited D be invited

35 He the death penalty if he were found guilty

A would be given B would be gave

C would given D were given

36 Who would have won the World War II if the nuclear bomb by the Nazus first

A had be produced B had produced

C had been produced D would be produced

37 The room if it is not empty

A couldn't be repainted B cannot be repainted

C could be repainted D can be repainted

38 He _ the death penalty if he had been found guilty

A would has given B would has been given

C would have given D would have been given

39 The cars if we had not done such a huge advertising campaign

A would not have been bought B would not have be bought

C would have been bought D would not had been bought

40 If I were a better conversationalist , to parties more often?

A I would be invited B I would have been invited

C would I be invited D would I have been invited

41 The window _ if the children had not been playing football in the garden

A wouldn't has been broken B wouldn't have been broken

C would have been broken D would be broken

42 They would have cut off the electricity if the bills

A had not be paid B had not been paid

C had not been pay D had not paid

43 Leonardo could have built his flying machine if he 400 years later

A had been born B had been bear

C has been born D had bore

44 I would not have walked home if my bicycle

A hadn't been stolen B had been stolen

C has been stolen D had stolen

45 This country could be richer if it _

A was not governed badly B was not badly governed

C was governed not badly D were not governed badly

46 If I _ a young girl again and _the chance to do something else

A was / have C will have been / will have had

B would be / have had D were / had

Trang 7

47 I could never have found such a good summer house, _, thank you

A if I weren't unemployed C if it hadn't been for your help

B if I had managed to finish that work D unless I work six hours a day

48 We their house without asking anyone if we _a street - map that day

A could have found / had had C will have found / had had

B could find / had D will find / have

49 Car accidents less if people more carefully

A would take place / had driven C will take place / drove

B will be taking place / drive D would take place / drove

50 _you disappointed if there no snow for this winter holiday?

A Would / be / was B Will / be / is

C Will / be / are D Could / be / is

51 If she yesterday, she would come here with us tomorrow night

A finished it B finishes it

C had finished it D has finished it

52 If your father weren't the president of the company, you _ here

A wouldn't have worked B won't work

C wouldn't be working D don't work

53 If I _for an accounting firm, I would be working in a post-office

A wasn't working B worked

C hadn't worked D weren't working

54 What would you have done if you _a lot of money?

A had B will C had had D have had

55 If we had known that you were there, we you a letter

A would write B would have write

C would have written D had written

56 If we had checked the petrol before we started, we _here

A wouldn't stop B wouldn't have stopped

C would have stopped D would stop

57 I decided to stay at home last night I would have gone out if I so tired

A wasn't B weren't C wouldn't have been D hadn't been

B Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting

1 If Mary would have been more careful in proofreading her dissertation, she would not have had to get it

A B C D typed again

2 Would you buy some banana if the greengrocer's is still open?

Trang 8

6 You eat fruits when they are ripe If you eat them when they are still sour, you might have stomachache

C Choose one sentence that best rewrites the sentence given:

1 I was not there yesterday, so I could not help you

A If I was there yesterday, I could help you

B Had I been there yesterday, I could have helped you

C If I had been there yesterday, I could have helped you

D B and C are correct

2 You didn't tell me your story, so I couldn't help you

A If you told me the story, I could help you

B If only you told me your story

C If you had told me the story, I could have helped you

D Did you tell me your story, I could help you

3 If Nam hadn't gone to school yesterday, he wouldn't have understood that lesson

A Nam didn't go to school yesterday and he didn't understand that lesson

B Nam went to school yesterday but he didn't understand that lesson

Trang 9

C Nam didn't go to school yesterday but he understood that lesson

D Nam went to school yesterday and understood that lesson

4 He doesn't study hard, so he can fail the examination

A If he studies hard, he won't fail the examination

B If he didn't study hard, so he wouldn't fail the examination

C He wouldn't have failed the examination if he had studied hard

D If he studied hard, he wouldn't fail the examination

5 She worked hard so she got high wages

A If she didn't work hard, she wouldn't get high wages

B If she had worked hard, she would have got high wages

C If she hadn't worked hard, she wouldn't have got high wages

D If she worked hard, she would get high wages

6 Mary felt sick because she drank too much wine

A If Mary hadn't drunk too much wine, she wouldn't have felt sick

B If Mary had drunk too much wine, she would have felt sick

C If Mary didn't drink too much wine, she wouldn't feel sick

D A & C are correct

7 I didn't have time, so I didn't go shopping

A If I have time, I will go shopping

B If I had time, I would go shopping

C If I had had time, I would have gone shopping

D If I have had time, I would have gone shopping

8 She doesn't know English, so she can't translate English books

A If she knows English, she can translate English books

B If she knew English, she can translate English books

C If she knew English, she could translate English books

D If she knows English, she could translate English books

9 Mary didn't wear the raincoat, so she got cold

A If Mary wore the raincoat, she wouldn't get a cold

B If Mary had won the raincoat, she didn't get a cold

C If Mary had worn the raincoat, she wouldn't have got a cold

D If Mary has worn the raincoat, she wouldn't have got a cold

10 You didn't work hard You got bad marks

A Had you worked hard, you would have got bad marks

B If you had worked hard, you would not have got bad marks

C If you worked hard, you would not get bad marks

D Did you work hard, you would not get bad marks

Trang 10

Khóa học LTðH môn Tiếng Anh – Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương Bốn loại câu điều kiện và chữa câu hỏi trong đề thi

A Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence

1 I would have visited you before if there quite a lot of people in your house

A hadn't B hadn't been C wouldn't be D wasn't

2 If you had caught the bus, you _ late for work

C wouldn't be D would be

3 If I , I would express my feelings

4 If as I told her, she would have succeeded

A she has done B she had done C she does D she did

5 Will you be angry if I your pocket dictionary?

A stole B have stolen C were to steal D steal

6 You made a mistake by telling her a lie It better if you to her

B will be / don't lie D would be / hadn't lied

A would invest B invested C had invested D invests

8 She wouldn't have given them all that money if we her to

A wouldn't advise C won't advise

9 If the tree hadn't been so high, he it up to take his kite down

C is climbing D climbed

10 If the wall weren't so high, he _ it up to take his ball down

A climbed B could climb C is climbing D climb

11 If I _her phone number, I _ her

B know / can phone D knew / could phone

12 If we to London when we _ in England, you would have never seen Big Ben

C went / are D go / are

13 If you press that button what _ ?

A would happen B would have happened

14 She says if she that the traffic lights were red she _

A had realized / would stop C realized / could have stopped

B has realized / stopped D had realized / would have stopped

BỐN LOẠI CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN VÀ CHỮA CÂU HỎI TRONG ĐỀ THI

(ðÁP ÁN BÀI TẬP TỰ LUYỆN)

Trang 11

15 I am very thin I think, if I smoking, I might get fat

16 If I _that yesterday, I _ them

A had discovered / would inform C had discovered / would have informed

B had discovered / could inform D discovered / can inform

17 If you to the course regularly, they a certificate last year

A go / gave C go / give

18 I think he is not at home If he in, he _the phone

A was / answered C were / would answer

B were / would have answered D had been / would have answered

19 If I in London now, I could visit British Museum

20 If Columbus money from Queen Isabella, he across the Atlantic

A do not receive / could not sail C had not received / might not have sailed

B did not receive / might not have sailed D would not receive / might not sail

21 If you didn't wear shabby clothes, you _ more good-looking

A will be B would be C would have been D can be

22 If your hair _ grey now, what you ?

B had gone / would/do D had gone / would have / done

23 If you _ be someone, who you _ ?

A could / would / have been C could / would / be

B can / will / be D are able to / will / be

24 If I _an Angel, I would try to make happy all the children

A am B have been C were D had been

A would invest B invested C had invested D invests

26 It if nobody had reminded them

A would have be forgot B would have been forgotten

C would have forget D would have been forgot

27 The car _ if somebody takes it there

C will been repaired D is repair

28 You to prison if you did that

A would be send B would have been sent

29 You would study Italian if it _ here

A was teaching B were taught C would be taught D is taught

30 It _if nobody reminded them

A was forgotten B would be forget

31 The magazine _ by more people if it had better articles

A would be reading B would read

Trang 12

32 The joke would not be funny if it _ into French

33 A doctor if somebody falls ill

A will be cold for B will be called for

C will call for D would be call for

34 Would she go if she _?

35 He the death penalty if he were found guilty

C would given D were given

36 Who would have won the World War II if the nuclear bomb by the Nazus first

A had be produced B had produced

37 The room if it is not empty

A couldn't be repainted B cannot be repainted

C could be repainted D can be repainted

38 He _ the death penalty if he had been found guilty

C would have given D would have been given

39 The cars if we had not done such a huge advertising campaign

C would have been bought D would not had been bought

40 If I were a better conversationalist , to parties more often?

A I would be invited B I would have been invited

41 The window _ if the children had not been playing football in the garden

A wouldn't has been broken B wouldn't have been broken

C would have been broken D would be broken

42 They would have cut off the electricity if the bills

A had not be paid B had not been paid

C had not been pay D had not paid

43 Leonardo could have built his flying machine if he 400 years later

C has been born D had bore

44 I would not have walked home if my bicycle

C has been stolen D had stolen

45 This country could be richer if it _

A was not governed badly B was not badly governed

C was governed not badly D were not governed badly

46 If I _ a young girl again and _the chance to do something else

A was / have C will have been / will have had

B would be / have had D were / had

Trang 13

47 I could never have found such a good summer house, _, thank you

A if I weren't unemployed C if it hadn't been for your help

B if I had managed to finish that work D unless I work six hours a day

48 We their house without asking anyone if we _a street - map that day

B could find / had D will find / have

49 Car accidents less if people more carefully

A would take place / had driven C will take place / drove

50 _you disappointed if there no snow for this winter holiday?

A Would / be / was B Will / be / is

C Will / be / are D Could / be / is

51 If she yesterday, she would come here with us tomorrow night

C had finished it D has finished it

52 If your father weren't the president of the company, you _ here

A wouldn't have worked B won't work

53 If I _for an accounting firm, I would be working in a post-office

A wasn't working B worked

C hadn't worked D weren't working

54 What would you have done if you _a lot of money?

A had B will C had had D have had

55 If we had known that you were there, we you a letter

A would write B would have write

56 If we had checked the petrol before we started, we _here

A wouldn't stop B wouldn't have stopped

C would have stopped D would stop

57 I decided to stay at home last night I would have gone out if I so tired

A wasn't B weren't C wouldn't have been D hadn't been

B Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting

1 If Mary would have been more careful in proofreading her dissertation, she would not have had to get it

A B C D typed again

Trang 14

C Choose one sentence that best rewrites the sentence given:

1 I was not there yesterday, so I could not help you

A If I was there yesterday, I could help you

B Had I been there yesterday, I could have helped you

C If I had been there yesterday, I could have helped you

D B and C are correct

2 You didn't tell me your story, so I couldn't help you

A If you told me the story, I could help you

B If only you told me your story

C If you had told me the story, I could have helped you

D Did you tell me your story, I could help you

3 If Nam hadn't gone to school yesterday, he wouldn't have understood that lesson

A Nam didn't go to school yesterday and he didn't understand that lesson

B Nam went to school yesterday but he didn't understand that lesson

Trang 15

C Nam didn't go to school yesterday but he understood that lesson

D Nam went to school yesterday and understood that lesson

4 He doesn't study hard, so he can fail the examination

A If he studies hard, he won't fail the examination

B If he didn't study hard, so he wouldn't fail the examination

C He wouldn't have failed the examination if he had studied hard

D If he studied hard, he wouldn't fail the examination

5 She worked hard so she got high wages

A If she didn't work hard, she wouldn't get high wages

B If she had worked hard, she would have got high wages

C If she hadn't worked hard, she wouldn't have got high wages

D If she worked hard, she would get high wages

6 Mary felt sick because she drank too much wine

B If Mary had drunk too much wine, she would have felt sick

C If Mary didn't drink too much wine, she wouldn't feel sick

D A & C are correct

7 I didn't have time, so I didn't go shopping

A If I have time, I will go shopping

B If I had time, I would go shopping

D If I have had time, I would have gone shopping

8 She doesn't know English, so she can't translate English books

A If she knows English, she can translate English books

B If she knew English, she can translate English books

D If she knows English, she could translate English books

9 Mary didn't wear the raincoat, so she got cold

A If Mary wore the raincoat, she wouldn't get a cold

B If Mary had won the raincoat, she didn't get a cold

D If Mary has worn the raincoat, she wouldn't have got a cold

10 You didn't work hard You got bad marks

A Had you worked hard, you would have got bad marks

C If you worked hard, you would not get bad marks

D Did you work hard, you would not get bad marks

Trang 16

Khóa học LTðH môn Tiếng Anh – Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương Câu ñiều ước và các thể giả ñịnh

CÂU ðIỀU ƯỚC

ðộng từ “wish” ñược dùng ñể diễn tả một ñiều ước, một mong ước trái với thực tế

1 Câu ước ở hiện tại (Present wish)

S + wish + (that) + S + V (simple past) Note: ðộng từ to be chúng ta dùng “were” cho tất cả các ngôi

Ex: I wish I knew how to fly an airplane

I wish I had a lot of friends at school

He wish he were a pilot

2 Câu ước ở quá khứ (Past wish)

S + wish + (that) + S + past perfect

Ex: I wish I had gone to the theater with you last night

3 Câu ước ở tương lai (Future wish)

S + wish + (that) + S + could/would + V

Were + V_ing

Ex: We wish that you could come to the party tonight

I wish you would stop saying that

THỂ GIẢ ðỊNH

Câu giả ñịnh hay còn gọi là câu cầu khiến là loại câu ñối tượng thứ nhất muốn ñối tượng thứ hai làm một việc gì Câu giả ñịnh có tính chất cầu khiến chứ không mang tính ép buộc như câu mệnh lệnh Trong câu giả ñịnh, người ta dùng dạng nguyên thể không có to của các ñộng từ sau một số ñộng từ chính mang tính cầu khiến Thường có that trong câu giả ñịnh trừ một số trường hợp ñặc biệt

1 Dùng với would rather that

Ngữ pháp hiện ñại ngày nay ñặc biệt là ngữ pháp Mỹ cho phép dùng would rather mà không cần

dùng that trong loại câu này

Ex: We would rather (that) he not take this train

2 Dùng với ñộng từ

Bảng sau là những ñộng từ ñòi hỏi mệnh ñề sau nó phải ở dạng giả ñịnh và trong câu bắt buộc phải

có that trong trường hợp ñó

advise

demand

ask insist

command move

decree order

CÂU ðIỀU ƯỚC VÀ CÁC THỂ GIẢ ðỊNH

(TÀI LIỆU BÀI GIẢNG)

Trang 17

prefer

require

propose stipulate

recommend suggest

request urge

ðộng từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể không chia bỏ to Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ ñịnh ñặt not sau chủ ngữ 2 trước nguyên thể bỏ to

Subject + verb + that + subject + [verb in simple form] +

Ex: The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking

The doctor suggested that his patient not stop smoking

3 Dùng với tính từ

Bảng sau là một số các tính từ ñòi hỏi mệnh ñề sau nó phải ở dạng giả ñịnh, trong câu bắt buộc phải

có that và ñộng từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ to

mandatory proposed suggested

Lưu ý rằng trong bảng này có một số tính từ là phân từ 2 cấu tạo từ các ñộng từ ở bảng trên Nếu muốn

cấu tạo phủ ñịnh ñặt not sau chủ ngữ 2 trước nguyên thể bỏ to

It + be + adj + that + S + [verb in simple form]

Ex: It is necessary that he find the books

It is necessary that he not find the books

It has been proprosed that we change the topic

It has been proprosed that we not change the topic

Nếu bỏ that ñi thì chủ ngữ 2 sẽ biến thành tân ngữ sau giới từ for, ñộng từ trở về dạng nguyên thể có to và

câu mất tính chất giả ñịnh trở thành dạng mệnh lệnh thức gián tiếp

Ex: It is necessary for him to find the books

It is necessary for him not to find the books

It has been proprosed for us to change the topic

It has been proprosed for us not to change the topic

Ex: There is suggestion from the doctor that the patient stop smoking

It is recommendation that the vehicle owner be present at the court

Trang 18

Khóa học LTđH môn Tiếng Anh Ờ Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương Câu ựiều ước và các thể giả ựịnh

4 Thể giả ựịnh trong một số trường hợp khác

Ớ Dùng ựể diễn ựạt một ước muốn hoặc một lời nguyền rủa, thường bao hàm các thế lực siêu nhiên

Ex: God be with you = Good bye

Curse this toad: Chết tiệt cái con cóc này

Ớ If need be = If necessary = Nếu cần

Ex: If need be, we can take another road

Ớ Dùng với ựộng từ to be, bỏ to sau if ựể chỉ một sự giả ựịnh chưa ựược phân ựịnh rõ ràng là ựúng

hay sai

Ex: If that be right, then it would be no defence for this man to say he's innocent

Ớ Be that as it may = whether that is true or not = Cho dù là phải thế hay không

Ex: Be that as it may, you have to accept it

Ớ Then so be it: Cứ phải vậy thôi

Ex: If we have to pay $2,000, then so be it (thì cứ phải trả thôi)

Ớ Câu giả ựịnh dùng với it + to be + time

o It's time (for sb) to do smt: ựã ựến lúc ai phải làm gì (Thời gian vừa vặn, không mang tắnh

giả ựịnh)

Ex: It's time for me to get to the airport: đã ựến lúc tôi phải ra sân bay

o It's time (hightime/about time) (for sb) did smt: ựã ựến lúc mà (thời gian ựã trễ, mang tắnh

giả ựịnh)

Ex: It's time I got to the airport

It's hightime the city government did smt to stop the traffic jam

BẢI TẬP TRÊN LỚP

Bài 1: Chia ựộng từ trong ngoặc

1 I wish I (know) something about computers

2 I wish the traffic (not make) so much noise everyday

3 ItỖs high time the children (prepare) their lesson They are watching TV now

4 If only it (be) warm and sunny today IỖm fed up with snow and cold

5 Everybody was exhausted It looked as if they (work) hard

6 IỖd rather my teacher (give) fewer compositions tonight

7 My neighbors always treat us as if we (be) their servants

8 Nick is quite ready for the exam It looks as if he (prepare) everything

9 I wish it (not rain) heavily last Sunday

10 They are making so much noise It looks as if they (have) a party

11 If only I (be) rich now so that I (buy) this expensive car

Bài 2: Viết lại câu

1 He appears to be running away from your fierce dog

Trang 19

4 I really think you ought to acquire a few manners

It’s high time………

5 I’m really sorry I didn’t invite her to the party

I really wish I………

6 Would you mind not smoking here?

Trang 20

Khóa học LTĐH môn Tiếng Anh – Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương Câu ñiều ước và các thể giả ñịnh

1 Fill in the blanks with the Simple Present Subjunctive of the verbs shown in brackets

For example: They insisted that she _ at once (to come)

They insisted that she come at once

The proposal that she us has merit (to meet)

The proposal that she meet us has merit

1 He suggested that I _ ready by eight o'clock (to be)

2 We request that she _ the window (to open)

3 They demanded that he _ the room (to leave)

4 I will ask that she _ me (to accompany)

5 They recommended that he _ to Bermuda (to fly)

6 The request that we ready to leave at six is a nuisance (to be)

7 The recommendation that she a holiday was carried out (to take)

8 It is necessary that you _ able to come with us (to be)

9 They asked that we _ standing (to remain)

10 The requirement that he _ work will be hard to meet (to find)

11 It is important that he _ everything he can (to learn)

12 The demand that she the report has been carried out (to complete)

2 Complete each of the following sentences with the Past Perfect Subjunctive of the verb shown in brackets

For example: They wished they _ not (to come)

They wished they had not come

I wish I ready on time (to be)

I wish I had been ready on time

Will she wish she her bicycle? (to ride)

Will she wish she had ridden her bicycle?

1 I wish I not the answers (to lose)

2 They wished they not _ the appointment (to forget)

3 He will wish he us the book (to show)

4 Will they wish we them some food? (to give)

5 We wish it _ yesterday (to snow)

6 She wished she not _ the window (to open)

7 I wished I _ the news (to hear)

8 You wish you _ what to do (to know)

CÂU ðIỀU ƯỚC VÀ CÁC THỂ GIẢ ðỊNH

(BÀI TẬP TỰ LUYỆN)

Trang 21

3 Complete each of the following sentences with the Simple Past Subjunctive of the verb shown in brackets

For example: He wished he able to do it (to be)

He wished he were able to do it

I wish I with you (to agree)

I wish I agreed with you

They will wish they _ time to come (to have)

They will wish they had time to come

1 I wish it _ possible to finish the work tonight (to be)

2 Will he wish he ready? (to be)

3 She wished she _ how to sing (to know)

4 We wish they to come with us (to want)

5 You wished you _ better (to feel)

6 They will wish it _ warmer (to be)

7 Does he wish he younger? (to be)

8 I wish I _ the subject more interesting (to find)

4 Complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the Simple conjugation with would

For example: They wished the sun _ (to shine)

They wished the sun would shine

Does she wish it ? (to snow)

Does she wish it would snow?

You will wish the bell _ (to ring)

You will wish the bell would ring

1 They wished she the arrangements (to make)

2 He will wish you him (to help)

3 She wishes the mail _ (to come)

4 We wished they _ (to hurry)

5 You will wish the door _ (to open)

6 They wish we _ for them (to wait)

7 I wish you _ to me (to write)

8 Will she wish you _ her? (to join)

5 Paying attention to the underlined adverbs indicating time, complete each of the following sentences with the correct form of the verb shown in brackets Use the Past Perfect Subjunctive, the Simple Past

Subjunctive, or the Simple conjugation with would, depending on whether the time of the action referred to

in the subordinate clause is earlier than, the same as, or later than, the time of making the wish

For example: We wished they _ us earlier (to call)

We wished they had called us earlier

She wishes she in Rome now (to be)

She wishes she were in Rome now

I wish you with us tomorrow (to come)

I wish you would come with us tomorrow

Trang 22

1 I wish he _ here now (to be)

2 I wish that you _ here yesterday (to be)

3 We wish you tomorrow (to come)

4 You will wish you earlier (to leave)

5 They wished he _ with them the next day (to come)

6 We wish you yesterday (to arrive)

7 I wish that he us next year (to visit)

8 She wishes that she _ at home now (to be)

9 You wish that he you last week (to help)

10 He will always wish he rich (to be)

11 The boy wished that he the competition the next day (to win)

12 She will wish she _ the arrangements earlier (to make)

13 I wish the weather warmer now (to be)

14 We always wished we fluent in other languages (to be)

15 They wish he them next week (to telephone)

6 For each of the following sentences, rewrite the subordinate clause, using the form in which the word if is omitted

For example: If I were in your position, I would pay close attention

Were I in your position, I would pay close attention

If it had been raining, we would have used our umbrellas

Had it been raining, we would have used our umbrellas

1 If he were here, he would lend us his car

2 If I had remembered their address, I would have sent them a card

3 If we were not waiting for a telephone call, we would go downtown

4 If they had recognized her, they would have spoken to her

5 If I had been intending to go shopping, I would have let you know

6 If you had seen the movie, you would have liked it

7 If it were not snowing, we would go out

8 If he had been shoveling the walk, we would have seen him

7 Complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the Simple conjugation with would

For example: We if we were ready (to come)

We would come if we were ready

_ you _ more if you had time? (to travel)

Would you travel more if you had time?

If they saw us, they _ not _ us (to recognize)

If they saw us, they would not recognize us

_ you not glad if you were rich? (to be)

Would you not be glad if you were rich?

1 If we were hitchhiking, you to pick us up? (to stop)

2 If we waited for him, we not on time (to be)

3 he us know if we made a mistake? (to let)

Trang 23

4 I not _ to have a party if you were not there (to want)

5 If you knew more about her, you your opinion (to change)

6 you pizza if you did not like it? (to order)

7 they not to come if we asked them? (to agree)

8 We not _ a car unless we were insured (to drive)

8 Complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the Perfect conjugation with would

For example: If it had rained, I at home (to stay)

If it had rained, I would have stayed at home

_ you _ with us if we had asked you? (to come)

Would you have come with us if we had asked you?

If he had hurried, he _ not _ the bus (to miss)

If he had hurried, he would not have missed the bus

_ she not if she had seen us? (to wave)

Would she not have waved if she had seen us?

1 If he had arrived late, we without him? (to begin)

2 If they had felt thirsty, they not _ the lemonade? (to drink)

3 If we had been here, we _ not the fireworks (to miss)

4 If his office had called, _ he not _ to work? (to return)

5 She _ not _ early if she had not had a good reason (to leave)

6 If they had searched more carefully, they _ the watch sooner (to find)

7 If you had visited Rome, _ you to the opera? (to go)

8 She down if she had been tired (to lie)

9 The following statements contain false or improbable conditions Paying attention to the underlined adverbs indicating time, complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the appropriate conjugations with would use the Simple conjugation for actions pertaining to the present or the future, and use the Perfect conjugation for actions pertaining to the past

For example: If you came with us now, you _ everything (to see)

If you came with us now, you would see everything

_ he us yesterday if we had slept in? (to wake)

Would he have woken us yesterday if we had slept in?

1 If he were here now he _ not _ to help us (to hesitate)

2 I _ the book last week if I had known you wanted it (to finish)

3 you to him last night if you had seen him? (to speak)

4 If they were old enough, they the contest next week (to enter)

5 she not a vacation now if she had more time? (to take)

6 If he had sent a message, we it two days ago (to receive)

7 I it if you came with me now (to appreciate)

8 she not grateful if we offered to help her tomorrow? (to be)

9 he _ yesterday if he had entered the race? (to win)

10 _ they not more books last month if they had noticed the stock was low? (to order)

Trang 24

11 _ she not _ us now if she knew where we lived? (to visit)

12 _ you _ cucumbers yesterday if they had been on sale? (to buy)

10 For each of the following sentences, complete the subordinate clause with the Simple Past

Subjunctive of the verb shown in brackets

For example: If he in town, he would call us (to be)

If he were in town, he would call us

Would you go to the party if you an invitation? (to receive)

Would you go to the party if you received an invitation?

If he _ not his work, he would find another job (to like)

If he did not like his work, he would find another job

1 If he rich, he would travel (to be)

2 _ I not anxious to meet him, I would stay at home (to be)

3 He would have more free time if he not _ so hard (to work)

4 If I _ a car, I would visit Cape Breton (to have)

5 We would take the bus if it _ to snow (to begin)

6 If you _ him, you would surely recognize him (to see)

7 I would not confide in him if I _ not _ him (to trust)

8 If we _ not _ time, we would let you know (to have)

9 If he _ an expedition, I would certainly join it (to organize)

10 I would not worry about it if I _ you (to be)

11 For each of the following sentences, complete the subordinate clause with the Past Perfect

Subjunctive of the verb shown in brackets

For example: If I him to do it, he would have obeyed me (to order)

If I had ordered him to do it, he would have obeyed me

Had it not yesterday, we would have raked the leaves (to snow)

Had it not snowed yesterday, we would have raked the leaves

1 I would not have got lost if I the map (to study)

2 _ he _ at home, we would have visited him (to be)

3 We would have invited him if we he would come (to think)

4 He would have applied for the job if he _ the advertisement (to see)

5 We would not have ordered tea, we how late it was (to know)

6 it not , they would have held the party in the park (to rain)

7 We would have agreed with you if we _ what you meant (to understand)

8 If you _ salt on the steps, they would not have been so slippery (to put)

9 he _ to us, we would have known when to expect him (to write)

10 If he to take the course, he would have had to work hard (to choose)

Định dạng
Số trang	48
Dung lượng	2,08 MB

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN, CÂU ĐIỀU ƯỚC VÀ THỂ GIẢ ĐỊNH (CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI ĐẠI HỌC CỦA CÔ VŨ THỊ MAI PHƯƠNG)

(ĐÁP ÁN BÀI TẬP TỰ LUYỆN)