Phrasal verbs in English PART TWO: ANALYZING THE MEANING SHADES OF PARTICLE IN NON-IDIOMATICS PHRASAL VERBS AND THEIR VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS... There are a variety of reasons why learne
Trang 1EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING BOARD OF BINH DINH
LE QUY DON HIGH SCHOOL FOR GIFTED STUDENTS
Trang 2TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1 General
2 Aims of the study
3 Scope of the study
4 Methods of study
5 Design of the study
CHAPTER TWO: THEORETICAL PRELIMINARIES
PART ONE: THEORETICAL PRELIMINARIES
I Phrasal verbs in English
PART TWO: ANALYZING THE MEANING SHADES OF PARTICLE IN
NON-IDIOMATICS PHRASAL VERBS AND THEIR VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS.
Trang 3Obviously, verbs plays a very important role in a sentence in English because it is one of the main components of a sentence English has a great number of verbs, for example to put, to see … which are called single-word verbs Besides them, we can find many verbs with a combination between a verb and a particular which makes up a new meaning They are called multi-word verbs or phrasal verbs, for example, to look at, come
in Phrasal verbs are an extremely important feature of English They are used widely in conversation and informal written English, including many newspaper and magazine articles to express ideas in a vivid and homely way As a matter of fact, phrasal verbs are
an indispensable tool to speaking English naturally
However, a foreign leaner who is not aware of the most common phrasal verbs is likely to have considerable difficulty in everyday spoken English And someone who is unable to use phrasal verbs appropriately in speech will tend to sound stiff and formal to
an English listeners
There are a variety of reasons why learners of English might find phrasal verbs a difficult area to grasp For one thing, they are so numerous, various i.e one phrasal verbs can have a number of meanings For another thing, the words that make up a phrasal verb are not very good clues to its meaning; and many phrasal verbs are figuratively used i.e their combination turns out to have unpredictable and unexpected meaning For example,
it is easy enough to understand when the meaning of a two-word verb is equal to the meaning of the sum of its two separate words We can understand what “put aside the table “ means providing we can know the meaning of “put” and “aside” But sometimes, in many cases, the knowing of the meaning of separate words is in vain and does not help us
to undestand the meaning of the whole sentence For example, put up with, as in “Both teachers and students must put up with many problems.” In this sentence, nothing seems
to be “put” or “up” or “with” English learners must learn to attach the meaning “tolerate” to that unlikely combination of words
In the teaching process, the teacher has a duty to make his students’ difficulty become easier With the ongoing concern, we find it necessary to execute our work in analyzing the meaning shades of particle in non-idiomatic phrasal verbs and constrast them with their Vietnamese equivalents so that Vietnamese learners can easily remember and use English phrasal verbs more effectively in their daily conversations
2 Aims of the study:
The aims of this study – “Analysing the meaning shades of particle in
non-idiomatic phrasal verbs with their Vietnamese Equivalents”
- To make statistics and classify English phrasal verbs into non-idiomatic and non-idiomatic phrasal verbs
- To find out the meaning shade of particles in non-idiomatic phrasal verbs and contrast them with Vietnamese equivalents To put forward some suggetsions for teaching and learning phrasal verbs
3 Scope of study:
It is diddicult for Vietnamese learners to learn lexical items as “call up” (telephone),
“run out of” (exhaust the supply of) This is because in Vietneamese, there are no lexical
items made up of two separate words like phrasal verbs in English Furthetmore, they are
so numerous, various and difficult that we are not ambitiousenough to take the particles of
Trang 4With the initial effort, we hope that this study somewhat solves problems that Vietnamese learners may run into when learning English phrasal verbs.
4 Method of study:
This study carries out a microlinguistic contrastive analysis on the level of syntactic, semantic and syntactico-semantic structures Besides, techniques on statistics, on a systematic analysis are relied on as well In order to facilitate the process of doing the CA, and best exploit our knowledge of the English language, we choose our CA as unidirectional one of Vietnamese (L1) and English (L2), which is based on a description biased towards the latter (L2) i.e much more attention is paid to English rather than to Vietmanese because it is the latter which must be learnt Another point is the criteria for comparison or tertium comparatiponis (TC) TC employed in this paper is translationslly equivalents setence and all the examples used in this study are taken from Oxford Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs and English-Vietnamese Dictionary
5 Design of the study:
This study is designed is three parts – introduction, investigation, and conclusion The first part is the introduction of the study The investigation which is the main part of the study consists of three chapters Chapter One supplies the general fundamental and essential theoretical concepts involving the subject under consideration Chapter Two analyses the meaning shades of particle in non-idiomatic phrasal verbs and contrasts them with their Vietnamese equivalents And Chapter Three offers some suggested exercises and data analysis on the research Finally, the Conclusion offers the review of the study and puts forward some suggestions relating to teaching and learning English phrasal verbs
Trang 5Prepositional particles is a word which shows the relationship between a noun and
a pronoun and another word in the sentence
e.g She looked for a pen.
2.2 Position
- Adverbial particles are placed immediately after the verb when the sentence contains no direct objects
e.g Suddenly the whole barrel blew up
- When a sentence contains a direct object (other than a pronoun), the adverbial particle may follow either:
(i) immediately after the verb
e.g The firemen soon put out the fire
(ii) immediately after the direct object (especially when the direct object is a noun or
a short noun phrase, and the verb and adverbial particle are separable)
Trang 6CHAPTER TWO: ANALYZING THE MEANING SHADES OF PARTICLE IN NON-IDIOMATIC PHRASAL VERBS
About
(1) conveys the sense of moving here and there
e.g He is getting about again after his accident.
Sau tai nạn ông ta đi lại được rồi.
It is dangerous to go about bareheaded in the tropics.
Thật nguy hiểm khi đi đây đó với đầu trần ở vùng nhiệt đới.
“About” with the shade of meaning mentioned above can be formularized as follows:Table 1
(2) denotes the sense of changing direction
e.g The ship put slowly about.
Con tàu từ từ đổi hướng.
When the boat is turned from one tack to another, the operation is termed
going about.
Khi con thuyền được xoay đầu từ chiều gió này đến chiều gió khác, được
gọi là đổi hướng.
Table 2
(3) suggests the general meaning of reporting by way of rumour
e.g The news of her resignation soon got about.
Chẳng bao lâu tin bà ta từ chức đã lan truyền đi.
He is always putting about malicious rumours.
Nó luôn truyền bá những tin đồn ác.
(1) denotes the sense of pursuing or following
e.g The policeman made after the burglars.
Cảnh sát đã đuổi theo tên trộm.
He goes after every woman he meets.
Trang 7come, go, look,
theo sát
(2) conveys the idea of being in the same manner, character or appearance
e.g Your daughter does not take after you at all.
Con gái anh trông chẳng giống anh tí nào.
(1) expresses the sense of being contrary to somebody or something
e.g Why have you suddenly taken against her ?
Tại sao bỗng dưng anh lại ghét cô ta ?
Her thinking goes against all logic.
Cách suy nghĩ của nó đi ngược lại vói mọi logic.
(1) expresses the general meaning of aiming at a target
e.g He ran at me with a knife.
Nó cầm dao xông vào tôi.
What exactly are you getting at ?
Đúng ra anh nhằm ý gì ?
Table 7
Trang 8come, cut, get,
go, keep, look,
xông, đâm, hàm ý, mãi mê, giữ, nhìn, tấn công, chạy
vào, nhằm vào
Away
(1) implies the idea of being at a distance
e.g Keep away or else I shall call the police.
Tránh xa ra nếu không tôi sẽ gọi cảnh sát.
The little girl is standing away from the barking dog.
Cô gái nhỏ đứng tránh xa con chó đang sủa.
Table 8
used with verbs which express
no movement.
(2) conveys the sense of moving to a distance or causing to leave a place
e.g We are hoping to get away for a few days at Easter.
Chúng tôi hi vọng sẽ đi nghỉ đâu xa vài ngày vào dịp lễ Phục sinh.
Two chicken curries and rice to take away, please.
Cho mua hai con gà cari và cơm mang về.
(3) expresses disappearance loss, or destruction
e.g The doctor has given her some tablets to take away the pain.
Bác sĩ cho cô ấy vài viên thuốc để làm giảm cơn đau.
His supporters fell away as his popularity declined.
Những người ủng hộ ông ta bớt đi khi danh tiếng ông ta không còn.
Table 10
Trang 9(4) expresses a different direction.
e.g The sunlight on the water was so dazzling that I had to look away.
Ánh nắng mặt trời chiếu xuống nước quá chói khiến tôi phải nhìn đi hướng
khác.
Table 11
look away nhìn hướng khác
Back
(1) suggests the sense of moving away from the front to the rear
e.g The two lovers dropped back so as to be alone.
Hai người yêu nhau lùi lại đằng sau để được đi riêng.
The enemy fell back as our troops advanced.
Quân địch rút lui khi quân ta tiến lên.
fall, let, go,
lùi, rơi, rút, di, chuyển, giữ, đứng về phía sau
(2) expresses a movement to an original position or state
e.g The colour is coming back to her cheek.
Sắc da hồng hào hào trở lại trên đôi má cô.
Please put the dictionary back on the shelf when you have finished it.
Đề nghị khi dùng xong để cuốn từ điển về chỗ cũ trên giá.
get, go, run,
see back gọi, về chạy, xem lại (về tình trạng, nơi
chốn cũ)
Trang 10get, give, put,
(3) denotes a reverse direction
e.g My watch is fast, it needs putting back five minutes.
Đồng hồ của tôi chạy nhanh, cần phải vặn lùi năm phút.
Run the record back.
Quay ngược cuốn băng lại.
Table 14
Vmonotrans
(4) conveys the sense of restraining, hindering the progress of something
e.g Financial problems have set back our building programme.
Những khó khăn về tài chính đã cản trở chương trình xây dựng của chúng
tôi
She was unable to keep back her tears.
Cô ấy không thể cầm được nước mắt.
Table 15
Before
(1) suggests the meaning of appearing or being presented for consideration, disscussion
e.g The case comes before the court next week.
Vụ kiện được đưa ra trước tòa tuần tới
He will bring matters before the party meeting.
Ông ta sẽ đưa vấn đề ra trước cuộc họp Đảng để thỏa luận.
Trang 11Một vài dàn giáo rơi xuống suýt trúng những người đứng cạnh đó.
The bus stopped to set down an old lady.
Chiếc xe buýt dừng lại để cho một bà lão xuống.
(2) implies the general meaning of putting in writing (for the purpose of remembering or of keepiong a record)
e.g Did you get his telephone number down?
Anh đã ghi lại số điện thoại của anh ta chưa?
The reporters took down the speech.
Các phóng viên ghi lại bài diễn văn.
Table 18
V monotrans
get, go, put,
(3) denotes a sense of lessening, reducing in size, strength, intensity or energy, spirit
e.g My car battery has run down, it needs recharging.
Ắc quy ô tô của tôi hết điện, cần phải nạp ngay.
The wet weather is getting me down.
Thòi tiết ẩm ướt làm tôi nản lòng.
Trang 12e.g Use the chemnicals to keep pest down.
Dùng hoá chất để kìm hãm sự phát triển của sâu bọ.
The military junta is determined to put down all political opposition.
Tập đoàn quân sự kiên quyết dập tắt mọi sự chống đối chính trị.
(1) suggets the general meaming of moving towards the front or causing to move forwards.
e.g He ran forward to greer his old friend.
Ông ấy chạy đến đón ông bạn già của mình
The captain of the winning team was called forward to receive the cup.
Thủ quân của đội thắng cuộc được gọi lên phía trước để nhận cúp.
về phía trước
(2) bring, call,
put, set, take mang, gọi, đặt, vặn, nhấc
(2) conveys the sense of proposal or recommendation
e.g The matter will come forward at our next section.
Vấn đề được đưa ra vào cuộc họp sau
The Prime Minister set forward the aims of his government in a television
Trang 13In
(1) signifies the síne of moving inwards
e.g Burglars had broken in while we were away on lholiday.
Kẻ trộm đột nhập vào nhà khi chúng tôi đi nghỉ xa
If you are writing to your mother, don’t forget to put in something about her
(1) conveys the idea of entering or joining
e.g When fif Britain go into Europe ?
Nước Anh gia nhập vào châu Âu khi nào ?
The project is running into financial difficulties.
Đề án đang lâm vào những khó khăn về tài chính.
(2) implies the meaning of examining or considering something carefully
e.g I do not want to go into the minor details now.
Tôi không muốn đi sâu vào những chi tiết nhỏ nhặt lúc này.
Police are looking into the disappearance of a quantity of gems.
Cảnh sát đang điều tra sự biến mất một số lượng lớn đá quý.
Table 25
(3) suggests the meaning of a change of condition
e.g We are making our attic into an extra bedroom.
Trang 14Chúng tôi sẽ biến gác xép của mình thành một buồng ngủ phụ.
Cut this paper into one-inch strips and then I shall explain how the game is
played
Hãy cắt mảnh giấy này thành những mẩu nhỏ một inch và rồi tôi sẽ giải thích
trò chơi được tiến hành như thế nào
Table 26
Off
(1) denotes the idea of being separated or detachment
e.g The door handle gas broken off.
Tay nắm cửa bị long ra.
He cut off a metre of cloth from the roll.
Anh ấy cắt một mét vải từ súc vải ra.
(2) expresses the general meaning of dismounting or causing to get down
e.g They were getting off at the stop near the Luxembourg Gardens.
Họ bước xuống ở trạm xe buýt mới gần vườn Luxembourg.
I ask the bus driver to put me off near the town centre.
Tôi đề nghị người lái xe buýt cho tôi xuống gần trung tâm thành phố.
Trang 15(3) conveys the sense of departing, leaving ot causing to start
e.g The thieves made off in a stolen car.
Những tên ăn trộm chuồn bằng chiếc ô tô đánh cắp
Don’t set him off talking politics or he will go all evening.
Đừng có khơi mào cho nó nói đến chính trị kẻo nó sẽ tiếp tục suốt cả buổi
(4) expresses the general meaning of no function (being disconnected or cancelling)
e.g The heating goes off at night.
Ban đêm lò sưởi ngừng hoạt động.
They have called off theit engagenment.
Họ đã hủy bỏ lời hôn ước.
(5) implies the sense of removing clothes, hats,…
e.g Get off your hat when you are indoors.
Hãy bỏ mũ ra khi bạn vào nhà
Your coat is very dirty; take it off.
Áo khoác của con quá bẩn, hãy cởi nó ra.
Table 31
(6) conveys the sense of exploding or causing to explede
e.g The bomb went off in a crowede street.
Quả bom nổ tung giữa môt phố đông người.
The slightest spark could set the fireworks off.
Một tập tia lửa nhỏ cũng có thể làm cho những quả pháo này nổ tung.