“To have” is a verb that the students always confuse about when they are asked to define its meaning in different contexts .When learning and teaching English, we find the problems of le
The verb “to have” and its equivalents in Vietnamese Acknowledgement I could not complete my assignment without the great help and useful advice from my teacher, my family as well as my friends. Firstly, I would like to express my great thanks to y supervisor, Assoc. Pro, PhD. Vo Dai Quang for his enthusiastic help. Secondly, I would like to express y deep thanks to all the teachers in Foreign Language Department of Vinh University for giving me helpful lectures. Furthermore, my thanks are also sent to all of my friends from class 17 Master Degree of Arts Course for their encouragement and helps. To everyone, thank you very much. Vinh, November 2010 Le Thi Huong Tab le of content Lê Thị Hương – 17 M. A. Course 1 The verb “to have” and its equivalents in Vietnamese Part I: I ntrodu ct ion 1. Reasons for choosing the topic 2. Aims of the study 3. Methods of the study 4. Scope of the study Par t II: Co nte n t 1. “To have” in the sense of possess 1.1. In the sense of “own” or “possess” 1.2. In the sense of “own” or “possess” 1.3. Possession mental and emotional qualities 1.4. Family relationships 1.5. Illness 1.6. Contact with other people 2. “To have” with other meaning 2.1. “To have” in the sense of receiving 2.2. Have in the sense of eat or drink 2.3. “To have” in the sense of organize 2.4. “To have “ in the sense of take part in 2.5. “To have” in the sense of enjoy, experience 2.6. “To have” in the sense of encounter 2.7. “To have” in the sense of understand/ know 2.8. “To have” in the sense of buy or take 3. “To Have” as an empty verb 4. “Have” in Imperative Par t III. Conc lusio n 1. Conclusion 2. Learning implications Lê Thị Hương – 17 M. A. Course 2 The verb “to have” and its equivalents in Vietnamese 3. Teaching implications Ref eren ces Part I: In trod u cti o n 1. Reasons for choosing the topic Nowadays, English has become one of the most important international languages in the world. The number of people who Lê Thị Hương – 17 M. A. Course 3 The verb “to have” and its equivalents in Vietnamese communicate and use it as the first language has been increasing day by day. In Vietnam, everyone is aware of the role of English in their life or their jobs, so the need of learning English has been popular in all areas. To meet that need, many English teaching-learning centre are opened, the quality of training course is quite good. This is one of the good signals the Government should care about. English is used in many fields such as politics, economics especially the system of international education. But to learn English is not easy for Vietnamese learners. One verb may have a lot of different meanings depending on the context that verb has its own meaning and this causes great difficulties to learners. “To have” is a verb that the students always confuse about when (they are) asked to define its meaning in different contexts .When learning and teaching English, we find the problems of learners is approaching the verb, we take the great consideration on comparing verb between language. That interests and encourages us to choose the topic: The verb “To have” and its equivalents in Vietnamese. 2. Aims of the study - Helping Vietnamese learners understand the use of the verb “to have” when it is used as an ordinary verb and its equivalents in Vietnamese. - Helping them apply the verb “to have” in appropriate situations. - By means of teaching suggestions of the verb “to have”, we hope that our small assignment will make some contribution to help learners leave out their errors in the process of learning English. 3. Methods of the study Lê Thị Hương – 17 M. A. Course 4 The verb “to have” and its equivalents in Vietnamese - Analysis and presenting - Comparison and contrast method 4. Scope of the study For the reason of limited time and knowledge, the author only focuses on the verb “to have” as an ordinary verb and its equivalents in Vietnamese. Part II: Con t en t Using the verb “to have” as an ordinary verb is quite popular and it can be used in the following meanings: 1. “To have” in the sense of possess Lê Thị Hương – 17 M. A. Course 5 The verb “to have” and its equivalents in Vietnamese We often use “to have” "to have" talk about these states: Possess relationships, illness, the characteristics of people and things an similar ideas. Sometimes, “to have” simply expresses the fact of being in a particular situation, especially in formal styles. 2.4. In the sense of “own” or “possess” This is the basic meaning of “to have”, we can use “to have” in place of “to have got” in the present and sometimes in the past to express this sense. Ex: - I have (got) a big tamp collection - My uncle has (got) a big villa in the town - This company has many branches all over the world In Vietnamese, we always use “có” equivalently to “to have” to express possession. - Tôi có một bộ sưu tập tem rất lớn - Bác tôi có một ngôi biệt thự rất to trên thành phố - Công ty này có rất nhiều chi nhánh trên toàn thế giới We can summarize the relationship between “to have” in English and its equivalents in Vietnamese about possession in the following diagram: English S + have (got) + N/ NP Vietnamese S + có + N/ NP 1.2 Possession of physical characteristics This case, “to have” and” have got” are often combined with nouns like black hair, brown eyes, round face, etc. to describe appearance. They Lê Thị Hương – 17 M. A. Course 6 The verb “to have” and its equivalents in Vietnamese can also combine with number of thing or quality of a substance to convey this sense. Ex: - Ellen has got short, straight, fair hair and blue eyes - This house has fifteen windows - He has rough hands because he has to do so much work The word “có” is used in this meaning to express the possession of physical characteristics in Vietnamese. Ex: - Ellen có mái tóc vàng ngắp và thăng, cô ấy còn có đôi mắt rất xanh nữa - Nhà này có 15 cửa sổ - Anh ấy có đôi bàn tay thô vì phải lao động nhiều 1.3. Possession mental and emotional qualities For this sense, “to have” and “have got” are combined with nouns like faith, patience, etc. to describe characteristics. Ex: - He has such bad temper that no one dares to come close to him - Miss Beauty of my class does not have beautiful face but she has long legs - Linh has good manner but bad temper In Vietnamese, we use the word “có” or omit it but the meanings of the sentences do not change. Ex: - Anh ấy nóng tính đến mức chẳng ai dám đến gần Lê Thị Hương – 17 M. A. Course 7 The verb “to have” and its equivalents in Vietnamese - Hoa Khôi lớp tôi có khuôn mặt không xinh lám nhưng lại có đôi chân dài - Linh có bản chất tốt nhưng lại hay nóng nảy There is a little mixture between 1.2 and 1.3 what we can recognize from the outside appearance, they are physical characteristics, what brief thoughts through the actions, behaviors that are mental qualities. 1.4. Family relationships NPs (Noun phrases) following the verb “to have” in this case indicate the relationship in family of subject who is being mentioned. Ex: - Have you got any siblings? - I have a brother and a sister. And in Vietnamese: - Bạn có anh chị em không? - Mình có một anh trai và một chị gái The relationship between subject and object is nor difficult to recognize in the normal situations. Not like nouns, Noun Phrases denoting physical characteristics or mental, emotional qualities have just been mentioned above (inside subject itself). Here, it only shows the relationship on family’s side of subject. 1.5. Illness Here, “to have” and “have got” are combined with nouns describing pain and illness to show the state of health, the physical conditions, or suffer from pain, disability of subject. Lê Thị Hương – 17 M. A. Course 8 The verb “to have” and its equivalents in Vietnamese Ex: - The baby has got black box - And he has got a fever all day - I have a headache In order to convey this meaning, Vietnamese always use the folowing words: bị, (bị) mắc bệnh, (bị) mắc chứng Ex: - Anh ta bị mắc bệnh tiểu đường từ nhỏ, chạy chữa khắp nưi mà vẫn chưa thuyên giảm - Chồng tôi bị bệnh đau lưng, trái gió trở trời là không tài nào nhủ được - Nó mới đi khám bệnh về, bác sĩ nói nó bị suy giảm trí nhớ. According to he above analysis, we can sumarize the strurure in two languages: English S + have (got) + Ns/NPs Vietnamese S+ bị + Ns/NPs (bị) mắc chứng (bị) mắc bệnh 1.6. Contact with other people Ex: - I have a good doctor In this case, “have” should not be translated into “có” as the folowing sentence: tôi có một bác sĩ tốt cho chị đây. This sentence can be considered unclear in Vietnamese. The example can be understoosd as “I have a good doctor whom I can introduce to you” and it can be translated “tôi (có) quen (biết) một bác sĩ giỏi, để tôi giới thiệu cho chị nhé! Lê Thị Hương – 17 M. A. Course 9 The verb “to have” and its equivalents in Vietnamese 2. “To have” with other meanings 2.1. “To have” in the sense of receiving Ex: - I’ve just had a letter from my husband - She has got so many flowers on Vietnamese Teachers’ day - Today, Tom has had three letters from that company. To convey this sense, Vietnamese uses: nhận, nhận được, được nhận, tiếp nhận - Tôi vừa nhận được thư chồng - Cô ấy được nhận rất nhiều hoa ngày Nhà giáo Việt Nam - Hôm nay, Tom nhận 3 lá thư từ công ty ấy 2.2. Have in the sense of eat or drink In the sense of eating, have may be combined with the words concerning the meals and the dishes which have become popular in English such as have breakfast, have lunch, have dinner Ex: - Did you have breakfast? - What do you have for lunch? - We’ll have stewed beef for dinner. In Vietnamese, we say: - mày ăn sáng chưa? - Trưa nay chúng ta ăn gì? - Tôi nay chúng ta ăn bò hầm nhé. Lê Thị Hương – 17 M. A. Course 10