MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAININGUNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY RESTRUCTURING THE ECONOMIC SECTOR IN THE PROCESS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MORNIZATION IN HO CHI MINH CITY TO
Trang 1MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY
RESTRUCTURING THE ECONOMIC SECTOR IN THE PROCESS
OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MORNIZATION
IN HO CHI MINH CITY TO 2030
SUMMARY OF THE DOCTORAL THESIS
Ho Chi Minh City, 2024
Trang 2MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY
RESTRUCTURING THE ECONOMIC SECTOR IN THE PROCESS
OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MORNIZATION
IN HO CHI MINH CITY TO 2030
Industry: Political economy
Code: 9310102
Thesis of Doctorate in Economics
Ho Chi Minh City, 2024
Trang 3The project was completed at: University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City
The thesis will be defended before the Thesis Council meeting at room … Ho Chi Minh City
University of Economics at … hour … day … month … 2024.
Thesis can be found at the library:
- Library of General Science, HCMC
- Library of UEH
Trang 41 Urgency of the research topic
Ho Chi Minh City is a special urban area, a major center of economics, culture, education, scienceand technology, a focal point for exchange and international integration, the city is located in the coreposition of the Region The key economic zone in the south of the city has always been a leading andgroundbreaking locality in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country In recenttimes, the city's economic structure has shifted towards increasing the proportion of service and industrialsectors Specifically, in the period 2012 - 2022, the average growth rate of the service industry willaverage 8.4%/year (Ho Chi Minh City Statistics Department, 2023), ranking first in the entire serviceindustry in the country The growth rate of the city's industry in the period 2012-2022 also reaches nearly8%/year (Ho Chi Minh City Statistics Department, 2023), ranking in the top with high industrial growth
in the country The city's agricultural sector, although accounting for a small proportion, continues to shifttowards modernity, focusing on high-tech agriculture and biotechnology The general assessment showsthat the economic restructuring of the City in recent times has been towards improving the quality,efficiency and competitiveness of the economy, towards the development of industrial products andservices with high economic value High scientific and technological content, high added value,transforming the economic development model in depth, applying scientific and technologicalachievements, associated with innovation and creativity, and using natural resources High quality humanresources and modern management skills, aiming to develop knowledge, ensure quality, high efficiencyand sustainability
However, the process of restructuring the city's economic sector in recent times has also shownlimitations such as: industrial production is mainly in the form of outsourcing and increasing investmentcapital, extensive growth, and rapid growth Export is unstable, supporting industries are underdeveloped,added value compared to production value is decreasing, labor intensive, still contains manyunsustainable factors, structure is slow to shift towards increasing productivity high level of intelligenceand technology, the industry's potential and strengths have not been fully exploited, exportcompetitiveness is still low, and there is no close connection with localities in the region as well asparticipation in the value chain Global To contribute to removing difficulties and obstacles whilepromoting the potential and strengths of the city's industry and services sector Ho Chi Minh City in order
to successfully carry out the cause of industrialization and modernization in the context of the 4.0industrial revolution, PhD students have chosen the research topic: "Restructuring the economic sectorduring the industrialization process" Industrialization and modernization in Ho Chi Minh City, by 2030"
as a doctoral thesis research topic
2 Objectives and research questions of the thesis
Trang 52.1 Objectives of the study
General objective: Clearly analyze the current status of economic restructuring in Ho Chi MinhCity in the process of industrialization and modernization in the period 2012 - 2022, thereby determiningorientations and solutions for structural transformation The City's economic structure follows a moderndirection associated with the 4.0 industrial revolution
-Analyze and evaluate the current state of economic restructuring in Ho Chi Minh City in theperiod 2012-2022, pointing out the achieved results, limitations and causes to serve as a basis for thepropose directions and solutions to restructure the city's economic sector in the coming time
-Propose orientations and solutions to restructure the economic sector in Ho Chi Minh City by
2030 towards modernity, associated with innovation, creativity and digital transformation
2.2 Research question
- Based on what scientific theoretical basis is research on economic sector restructuring in theprocess of industrialization and modernization? What indicators and factors influence economic sectorrestructuring?
- What is the current status of economic restructuring during the process of industrialization andmodernization in Ho Chi Minh City recently? What are the results and limitations?
- What are the main directions and solutions to promote economic sector restructuring in theprocess of industrialization and modernization in Ho Chi Minh City until 2030?
3 Subject and scope of research of the thesis
3.1 Research subjects
These are industries, services, agriculture and economic restructuring in the process ofindustrialization and modernization in Ho Chi Minh City, from the perspective of the major of PoliticalEconomy
3.2 Research scope
Regarding time: the thesis focuses mainly on analyzing and evaluating the current situation ofeconomic restructuring in Ho Chi Minh City in the period 2012- 2022 Orientations and solutions until2030
Trang 6Regarding space: the thesis focuses on researching economic sector restructuring in Ho Chi MinhCity.
4 Research data sources
-The project uses secondary data sources of the Ho Chi Minh City Statistics Department,aggregated data of the Department of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs, Department of Planningand Investment, Department of Industry and Trade, Department of Education and Training
-The topic uses primary data sources through conducting investigations, surveys and asking foropinions from experts in Ho Chi Minh City on economic sector restructuring in the process ofindustrialization and modernization modernization
5 New points of the Thesis
- Identify criteria and factors affecting the process of restructuring economic sectors in the city.HCM
Clearly analyze the current situation of economic restructuring in the City in the period 2012
-2022, drawing out the results achieved, limitations, problems and causes
- Provide orientations and solutions for restructuring the economic sector in the city by 2030,towards modernity associated with innovation and creativity
6 Theoretical and practical significance of the research topic
Theoretical: The topic synthesizes theoretical issues about economic sector restructuring in theprocess of industrialization and modernization
In practice: Provide practical evidence on economic sector restructuring in the process ofindustrialization and modernization in Ho Chi Minh City in the period 2012 - 2022 From there, providedirections and solutions The method of restructuring the economic sector towards modernity by 2030 inthe city HCM
7 Structure of the thesis
CHAPTER 1: Overview of research works related to the thesis.
CHAPTER 2: Theoretical and practical basis for economic sector restructuring in the process of industrialization and modernization.
CHAPTER 3: Research methods and analytical framework.
CHAPTER 4: Current status of economic sector restructuring in the process of industrialization and modernization in Ho Chi Minh City in the period 2012-2022.
CHAPTER 5: Orientation and solutions for restructuring the economic sector towards modernity
in Ho Chi Minh City until 2030.
Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS
Trang 71.1 Domestic research works related to the restructuring of economic sectors in the process
of industrialization and modernization
1.1.1 Studies on the concept and connotation of economic sector restructuring
The PhD student has inherited the research perspectives of scholars on the concept and connotation
of economic sector restructuring and economic sector restructuring associated with shifts such asinvestment capital, labor, technology…
1.1.2 Research projects on criteria and factors affecting economic sector restructuring.
The author has inherited, concretized and adjusted a number of economic sector restructuringcriteria of researchers, in order to create a set of criteria to evaluate economic sector restructuring, as abasis for analyzing and evaluating the current status of economic sector restructuring in Ho Chi MinhCity in the period 2012 - 2022, thereby proposing directions and solutions for economic sectorrestructuring in the city HCM until 2030
1.1.3.Studies on factors affecting economic sector restructuring in the process of industrialization and modernization
Research projects have approached the factors affecting the formation and restructuring ofeconomic sectors in the process of industrialization and modernization from many different angles, butfocus on the following factors: (i) the impact of the State, (ii) natural conditions, (iii) human resources,(iv) investment capital, (v) scientific and technological progress, (vi) market demand factors school Thethesis has inherited the reasonable contents of these factors, to identify the main factors affecting theprocess of restructuring the economic sector in Ho Chi Minh City in recent times, from which to proposePropose a number of key solutions to promote economic restructuring in the City until 2030
1.1.4 Research projects related to the practice of restructuring the economic sector
Research works related to the practice of economic sector restructuring have evaluatedachievements and drawn out limitations of economic sector restructuring, including: Vietnam's economicsectors still produce, Business is mainly in the form of processing and increasing investment capital,growing in breadth, export growth is unstable, export competitiveness in exports is still low, supportingindustries are underdeveloped, Added value compared to production value decreased, slow restructuring
of the economic sector towards increasing intellectual content and high technology Particularly,restructuring the economic sector towards modernity associated with the achievements of Some studieshave mentioned the fourth industrial revolution, but no research has gone into in-depth analysis, so PhDstudents will analyze in depth the impact of the 4.0 industrial revolution on economic sector restructuringaccording to direction In modern times, this is considered one of the new points of the thesis
Trang 81.2 Foreign research works related to economic sector restructuring in the process of industrialization and modernization.
Foreign research works, especially Marxist-Leninist research on the role of science and technology
as a direct productive force, are important and decisive factors in the transition economic sector structure
in the process of industrialization and modernization In particular, Marx did in-depth research on threestages of industrial capitalism's development: simple cooperation, division of labor in manualconstruction, and large mechanical industry This is also the basis for research on economic restructuring,which is directly related to the development of the industrial sector V.I.Lenin also emphasized the role ofmodern industry, especially electrification of industries, according to V.I.Lenin: Communism equalsSoviet power plus nationwide electrification
1.3 Comments on research projects related to the thesis topic
Research projects have mentioned different aspects such as: economic sector restructuring,economic restructuring in the process of industrialization, modernization and economic restructuringtowards development lasting Determine the position and role of economic sector restructuring in theprocess of industrialization and modernization Pointing out that reasonable economic restructuring mustreflect objective economic laws; Must ensure maximum exploitation of the potential of the country,sectors, components and regions; promote absolute advantage and comparative advantage; reflect thedevelopment trend of the scientific and technological revolution and must take socio-economic efficiency
as the final measure of reasonable, modern economic restructuring Point out factors affecting economicsector restructuring
The authors have analyzed the theory of economic restructuring according to the theory of Leninist political economy, the theory of modern mainstream economics, the theory of balancedinterdisciplinary development, the theory of developing an unbalanced industry structure or "growthpoles", the "take off" theory of W.W Rostow, theory and two areas…
Marxist-Research works related to the topic have also proposed many meaningful scientific solutions topromote the process of restructuring the economic sector towards modernity such as: (i) Continuing tocreate a political environment - favorable and stable socio-economic and legal conditions; (ii) Completingplanning work; (iii) Innovate and improve financial and monetary policies; (iv) Identify and focus efforts
on developing key and spearhead industries and industries that need priority for development; (v)Mobilize capital, rationalize investment capital structure and improve investment efficiency; (vi) Expandtraining scale, adjust training structure and improve training quality in a way consistent with theeconomic sector restructuring process; (vii) Science and technology development; (viii) Promotecommercial activities; (ix) Synchronous development of infrastructure
1.4 The gap in research works related to the thesis needs to be researched
Trang 9Firstly, research the factors influencing and impacting the process of economic sector restructuring
in the process of industrialization and modernization in the city HCM
Second, research on the practice of restructuring the economic sector in Ho Chi Minh City in theperiod 2012-2022, drawing out the results achieved, pointing out limitations and causes
Third, research on restructuring the economic sector in Ho Chi Minh City, towards modernityassociated with digital transformation and innovation
Fourth, provide highly feasible directions and solutions to restructure the economic sector in thecity Ho Chi Minh City, in order to successfully carry out the cause of industrialization andmodernization
Fifth, restructuring the economic sector in the city Ho Chi Minh City, must associate with theSouthern Key Economic Region, exploiting the advantages of the Region to effectively restructure theeconomic sector
Chapter 2 THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS OF ECONOMIC SECTOR STRUCTURE TRANSFORMATION IN THE PROCESS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND
MODERNIZATION 2.1 Basic concepts of economic sector restructuring in the process of industrialization and modernization
2.1.1 Concept of economic structure, economic sector structure
Economic structure is the totality of the constituent parts of the economy, along with the mainstable and developed qualitative and quantitative relationships between those parts and the entire system.conditions of commodity production and over certain periods of time
The economic sector structure reflects the fluctuations between the quantity, ratio and value ofeconomic sectors, of which there are three main sectors: industry, agriculture and fisheries, and services
2.1.2 The concept of economic sector restructuring
Economic sector restructuring is the process of changing the structure and interrelationship ofsectors according to each purpose and certain orientation
2.1.3 Concept of economic sector restructuring in the process of industrialization and modernization
Economic restructuring in the process of industrialization and modernization is shown in thefollowing points:
- Changes in the number and type of industries in the economy due to the appearance of newindustries or the loss of some existing industries
- The change in proportion between sectors due to uneven growth rates between sectors
Trang 10-Restructuring the economic sector according to predetermined goals and with state interventionand adjustment for the economic benefit of the entire society is called intentional restructuring of theeconomic sector.
2.2 These indicators reflect the structural transformation of the economic sector in the process of industrialization and modernization
2.2.1 Structure of gross domestic product
GDP or GRDP is considered an important indicator, used to evaluate the restructuring of economicsectors in the process of industrialization and modernization GDP growth rate reflects the transition andgrowth of sectors in the economy
2.2.2 Human resource structure
Human resources or labor force contribute directly and importantly in the process of restructuringthe economic sector, it is directly affected by population growth Labor productivity has increasedsignificantly as advanced machinery replaces traditional labor However, the labor force, especially high-skilled labor, still plays an important role in economic growth and economic sector restructuring
2.2.3 Indicators of export-import structure
The change in the trade ratio (export - import) is the consequence of many causes not only fromwithin the country but also from objective international factors However, through the structure and ratio
of export-import goods and types of export goods, we can evaluate the structural shift of a country'seconomic sector
2.2.4 Criteria for the proportion of economic sectors
The restructuring of economic sectors in the process of industrialization and modernization isreflected in gradually increasing the proportion of industry and services, and at the same time decreasingthe proportion of agriculture In the early stage of economic restructuring, the industry usually accountsfor the highest proportion of about 40% - 50%, the service industry accounts for 30% - 40%, and theagricultural industry accounts for 10%-20% When the economy has developed highly in the direction ofmodernization, the proportion of the service industry will increase to about 60% - 70%, the industry willaccount for 20% - 30%, and the agricultural industry will account for less than 10%
2.3 Factors affecting the structural transformation of the economic sector
2.3.1 Role of the State
The State implements a proactive and extensive integration policy, introducing effective financial,science and technology and management policies, contributing to shortening the process ofindustrialization, modernization and restructuring the economic sector towards modernity
2.3.2 Resources of the economy
Trang 11Includes natural resources; Human Resources; investment; scientific and technological potential;Market demand factors are resources that have an important impact on economic sector restructuring.
2.3.3 Impacts of globalization and international economic integration
Today, globalization and international integration are dominating and strongly impacting countries,
in all fields of economy, society, culture, security and defense In order to restructure the economicsector in the direction of modernity, each country and locality must exploit its potentials and advantages,step by step participate in the international division of labor and global value chains, only then can it beeffective
2.4 Some main theories related to economic restructuring, in the process of industrialization and modernization
2.4.1 Theory of Marxism - Leninism
Theory of social division of labor, Theory of social reproduction of capital, Theory ofelectrification of V I Lenin In particular, the theory of three stages of industrial capitalism developmenthas clearly shown the development of industry during the industrial revolution in England in the 18thcentury Karl Marx believed that the development of capitalism in industry must go through three stages:1) Simple cooperation
2) Division of labor in manual construction sites
3) Development of mechanical machinery
This is an important theoretical basis of Marxism-Leninism on restructuring the economic sector,and directly the industry
2.4.2 Theories of modern economics on economic restructuring
2.4.2.1 Take-off theory by W Rostos
W Rostow's take-off theory (1960) describes the transition from a slow-growing economy to adeveloped economy in 5 stages consistent with the process of economic development and structuraltransformation Economics
2.4.2.2 Theory of product life cycle and value-added chain
Product life cycle theory: proposed by Raymond Vernon in 1966, describes the product life cycletheory in five consecutive steps Step one, the product is assembled and exported to another country Steptwo, products are produced mainly in developed countries and exported to developed countries Stepthree, products are produced mainly in developed countries and exported to developing countries Stepfour, products are produced in developed countries and exported to developed and developing countries.Step five, products are produced mainly in developing countries and exported to developed countries
Trang 12Theory of value-added chain development: Demonstrating the nature of the international division
of labor Here, each item is produced to reach the consumer, including many combined stages, including
4 stages: designer (invention) - production - marketing - consumption
2.4.2.3 Dualistic theories
Arthur Lewis' two-sector model: assumes that the market includes both traditional and moderneconomies Labor surplus in the traditional sector, in the agricultural sector In contrast, the moderneconomic sector has large-scale industry The result is a shift of labor from agriculture to the industrialsector The transition will contribute to reductions surplus labor in agriculture to increase productivity ofthe industrial sector
2.4.2.4 M Porter's theory of competitive advantage
M Porter defines competition based on production, investment and innovation However,determining the stages of economic development will be decisive for implementing appropriate economicstrategies, including strategies for restructuring the economic sector towards modernity and exploitingcompetitive advantages industry picture
2.5 Viewpoints of the Party and State on economic restructuring in the process of industrialization and modernization.
The viewpoint of the Party and State since our country gained independence and unification hasalways affirmed: industrialization and modernization are the key tasks in the transition period tosocialism Associated with the industrialization process is the restructuring of the economic sectortowards modernity, gradually increasing the proportion of industry and services, gradually decreasing theproportion of agriculture with a service-industry-agriculture structure At the same time, promoteeconomic restructuring in the process of industrialization and modernization based on science andtechnology, innovation and creativity associated with international integration
2.6 Experience in restructuring economic sectors in the process of industrialization and modernization and lessons learned for Ho Chi Minh City
2.6.1 Experience in restructuring economic sectors of some countries
2.6.1.1 Korean experience
The focus of Korea's economic restructuring strategy is to transform the production structure of theindustrial sector from mainly using manual labor to using high-skilled labor, based on technology, inorder to Promote the production of high quality goods, adapting to the 4.0 industrial revolution Theindustrial production and export structure has shifted towards high-quality goods, affirming its position as
a pioneer in a number of fields such as: cars, videos, film cameras, computers, telephones and circuits.integration
2.6.1.2 China's experience
Trang 13The process of restructuring China's economic sector goes through four main stages
-In the first phase, from 1949 - 1978, industrial development and economic restructuring followedthe Soviet industrialization model - focusing on developing heavy industry
-The second phase, from 1979 - 1990, China implemented economic reform
-In the third phase from 1991 - 2000, China implemented a more sustainable economicrestructuring policy, while taking advantage of the benefits brought by globalization
-Phase four, from 2001 to 2020, focuses on policies to reform and develop businesses, forming newtechnology businesses and large economic groups to realize the goals of the 4.0 industrial revolution
2.6.1.3 Singapore's experience
Singapore has good natural conditions to develop tourism and supporting industries Singaporefocuses on growing competitive advantage industries in Asia, including maritime ports, shipbuilding andspare parts, petrochemical refining, air transport, and machine drive industries computer, electronics andsemiconductor industry Singapore's economic growth is largely driven by its industrial sectors, whichcontribute about 40% of total output Singapore's core industrial sectors include shipping, shipbuilding,information technology, microelectronics, banking and tourism Singapore is also considered a pioneercountry in promoting the transformation of the knowledge and digital economy
2.6.1.4 Experience of Shanghai city (China)
The city of Shanghai grows into Asia's largest port city each year, clearing an average of 443million tons of goods each year Shanghai is implementing synchronous development of 5Gtelecommunications and Internet infrastructure in the city, rapidly promoting the digital transformationprocess in all fields such as economy, trade, industry, transportation, and road logistics marine,agriculture and forestry Revenue of the information technology service industry in Shanghai city hasgrown at an annual rate of 12%, higher than the country's GDP growth rate
2.6.2 Lessons learned for Ho Chi Minh City
-It is necessary to implement an export-oriented industrialization strategy, develop a developmentstrategy for each sector, especially the industrial sector, and shift the economic sector's structure based onlabor-intensive sectors to transition to other industries technology-oriented industry, associated withdigital transformation and digital economy, to transform the economic sector from producing productswith low added value, to products with high added value
-Take advantage of globalization, gradually eliminate trade barriers, import taxes, non-tariffbarriers, investment restrictions, regulate investment incentives, create conditions to encourage directinvestment foreign contacts Improve technology level and quality of human resources throughtechnology transfer and intellectual property rights