(Luận văn thạc sĩ) master thesis assessment of digital transformation on trade facilitation in viet nam

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY MASTER THESIS ASSESSMENT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ON TRADE FACILITATION IN VIET NAM Specialization: International Trade Policy and Law FULL NAME: LÊ ĐỨC BÌNH Hanoi – 2023 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY MASTER THESIS ASSESSMENT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ON TRADE FACILITATION IN VIET NAM Major: International Economics Specialization: International Trade Policy and Law Code: 8310106 FULL NAME: LÊ ĐỨC BÌNH Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr TRINH Thi Thu Huong Hanoi – 2023 STATEMENT OF ORIGINAL AUTHORSHIP I thus certify that this thesis is my original work, completed with the utmost commitment, effort, and hard labor during the time allotted, and that no information was obtained from an unauthorized data source The research contents on this topic are fully honest and have not been exploited or publicized in any way I guarantee that the master thesis was completed in accordance with the Foreign Trade University's thesis writing regulation and methodology STUDENT: Le Duc Binh iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The process of writing this thesis involves ongoing learning and research, which results in not only the solutions offered in Chapter of the thesis but also a variety of experiences and information for the author The author got recommendations, contributions, and significant assistance in completing this thesis First, it is the author's honor and good fortune to be guided by Assoc Prof Dr TRINH Thi Thu Huong, my supervisor at Foreign Trade University, has extensive knowledge and experience in the disciplines of law and conflict resolution, for which I am grateful I could not have finished this thesis without her advice and recommendations Second, I would like to express my gratitude to the authors of the books and publications cited in this thesis My final thanks go to the Faculty of Graduate Studies at Foreign Trade University for providing us - the postgraduate students - with useful master courses and assistance throughout the learning and thesis writing process Hanoi, July 7th, 2023 Le Duc Binh iii TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF ORIGINAL AUTHORSHIP ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF +BBREVI+TIONS v LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF FIGURES vi ABSTRACT vii INTRODUCTION Importance of the study Literature review Research questions and scope Objectives Research methodology Structure of the thesis CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION & TRADE FACILITATION 1.1 Overview of Digital Transformation 1.1.1 Understanding Digital Transformation 1.1.2 Digital Transformation strategy 1.1.3.Levels of digital transformation adaptation: 1.1.4.Digital transformation measures of success 1.1.5.Challenges and success factors of digital transformation 1.2 Overview of Trade Facilitation 1.2.1 Understanding Trade Facilitation 1.2.2 The negotiation process of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) 1.2.3.Structure of WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement 1.2.4.Meaning of WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement 1.3 Digital transformation in Trade facilitation 1.3.1.The impact of digitalization on trade: 1.3.2.Digital Transformation in Facilitating Trade 1.4 Experiences from other countries for digital transformation in Trade Facilitation 1 7 9 10 12 13 16 17 17 18 20 23 24 24 25 28 ii iv 1.4.1 The trend of other countries implementing digital transformation in trade facilitation 28 1.4.2 Experiences from some Asian countries 30 CHAPTER 2: SITUATION OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ON TRADE FACILITATION IN VIET NAM 32 2.1 An overview of trade facilitation in Viet Nam before digital transformation .32 2.1.1 Relative legal principles of digital transformation in Viet Nam 36 2.1.2 Viet Nam’s current state of digital transformation 39 2.1.3 Viet Nam’s level of digital transformation adaptation: .43 2.1.4 Vision and Goal of Digital Transformation in 2023 45 2.2 The Situation of Digital Transformation in Viet Nam Trade Facilitation 47 2.2.1 Achievement in digitalizing trade facilitation of Viet Nam 47 2.2.2 Advantages of Viet Nam in digital transformation of trade facilitation 61 2.2.3 Limitations 62 CHAPTER 3: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR VIET NAM IN DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ON TRADE FACILITATION 64 3.1 Key tasks for Viet Nam government and Customs sector 64 3.2 Recommendations: 66 3.2.1 About the digital system of Viet Nam Customs 67 3.2.2 About the quality of human resources .71 3.2.3 Recommend the financial solutions 74 3.2.4 Recommend the Organizational solutions .75 CONCLUSION 76 REFERENCES .79 v LIST OF +BBREVI+TIONS TFA Trade Facilitation Agreements WTO World Trade Organization UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade NATF National Single Window and Trade Facilitation VCCI Viet Nam Chamber of Commerce and Industry WCO World Customs Organization VASSCM Viet Nam Automated System for Seaport Management VDCA Viet Nam Digital Communications Association SDT Special and Differential Treatment GVCs Global Value Chains LPI Logistics Performance Index SMEs Small and medium-sized enterprises LDCs Developing and least-developed countries IoT Internet of Things KPI Key Performance Indicator ROI Return on Investment Customs vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Comparing TFA content with the GATT principles 17 Table Index of international trade performance in 2020 47 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Trade Facilitation Performance in Viet Nam (2022) 24 Figure Trading across Borders in Viet Nam – Time and Cost 48 Figure Level of satisfaction of enterprises with methods of finding information about administrative procedures 56 vii ABSTRACT The thesis research conducted an assessment of the impact of digital transformation on trade facilitation in Viet Nam, especially about customs operation The study aimed to understand the extent to which digital technologies have influenced and improved trade processes, efficiency, and competitiveness in the country The research employed qualitative data collection methods The data was gathered through research about trade facilitation with stakeholders including government officials, industry representatives, and logistics providers The findings of the study revealed several significant outcomes Firstly, it was evident that digital transformation has had a positive impact on trade facilitation in Viet Nam The adoption of digital technologies, such as e-commerce platforms, digital payment systems, and online documentation processes, has streamlined trade procedures, reduced administrative burdens, and enhanced the overall efficiency of cross-border transactions The research also highlighted the role of digital infrastructure in facilitating trade facilitation The development of robust internet connectivity, widespread adoption of mobile devices, and the expansion of digital platforms have improved access to markets, enhanced communication, and fostered collaboration among businesses engaged in international trade Furthermore, the study identified various challenges and barriers to digital transformation in trade facilitation These included inadequate digital skills among stakeholders, fragmented data systems, cybersecurity concerns, and the need for regulatory reforms to accommodate the changing digital landscape Addressing these challenges will be crucial to ensure the sustained benefits of digital transformation in trade facilitation viii Based on the research findings, several recommendations were provided It was suggested that the Vietnamese government should continue investing in digital infrastructure, promote digital literacy and skills development, and strengthen cybersecurity measures to foster a secure and enabling environment for digital trade Collaboration among government agencies, businesses, and industry associations was also emphasized to ensure effective implementation and coordination of digital transformation initiatives In conclusion, the assessment of digital transformation on trade facilitation, especially about customs operation in Viet Nam highlighted the positive impact of digital technologies on streamlining trade processes and enhancing competitiveness However, challenges and barriers to digital transformation exist and require attention By addressing these challenges and implementing the recommended strategies, Viet Nam can further leverage digital transformation to boost trade facilitation, contribute to economic growth, and strengthen its position in the global marketplace