Bài giảng nhập môn điện toán Hệ điều hành

What is an operating system History of operating systems The operating system zoo Computer hardware review Operating system concepts System calls Bài giảng nhập môn điện toán Hệ điều hành Bài giảng nhập môn điện toán Hệ điều hành

Chương Phần 1: Hệ điều hành What is an operating system History of operating systems The operating system zoo Computer hardware review Operating system concepts System calls Tài liệu tham khảo: chương Andrew S Tanenbaum: Modern Operating Systems, 2nd ed, Prentice Hall http://www.prenhall.com/divisions/esm/app/author_tanenbaum/custom/mos2e/ Giới thiệu • A computer system consists of – hardware – system programs – application programs Hệ điều hành gì? • It is an extended machine – Hides the messy details which must be performed – Presents user with a virtual machine, easier to use (by using system calls) • It is a resource manager – Multiplexing the resource in time: each program gets time with the resource, e.g CPU, printer – Multiplexing the resource in space: each program gets space on the resource, e.g memory, disk Lịch sử hệ điều hành • First generation 1945 - 1955 – vacuum tubes, plug boards – Inventors: Aiken (USA), Zuse (Germany) • Second generation 1955 - 1965 – transistors – batch systems • Third generation 1965 – 1980 – ICs (Integrated Circuits) – multiprogramming, spooling, time-sharing • Fourth generation 1980 – present – LSI (Large Scale Integration) – Hệ điều hành cho PC Lịch sử hệ điều hành Thế hệ thứ Early batch system (hệ thống xử lý bó) – – – – bring cards to 1401 read cards to tape put tape on 7094 that does computing put tape on 1401 that prints output Lịch sử hệ điều hành Thế hệ thứ Structure of a typical FMS job (FMS: Fortran Monitor System, hệ điều hành IBM cho mainframe 7094) Lịch sử hệ điều hành Thế hệ thứ OS/360 IBM MULTICS (MIT, Bell Labs) (Các vùng nhớ) • Multiprogramming system • Spooling (Simultaneous Peripheral Operation On Line) • Time sharing Lịch sử hệ điều hành Thế hệ thứ • 1974, first microcomputer – Intel 8080, first general-purposed 8-bit CPU – floppy disk – CP/M (Control Program for Microcomputers) • early 1980s, IBM PC – DOS (Disk Operating System) – MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) • 1983, IBM PC/AT (Intel 80286 CPU) • 1985-1995, Windows on top of MS-DOS • Pentium PC – UNIX, Linux, Windows 2000 – X Windows system (UNIX, Linux) The Operating System Zoo • Mainframe operating systems High-end Web servers – OS/390 • Server operating systems Web service, file service – UNIX, Linux, Windows 2000 • Multiprocessor operating systems • Personal computer operating systems – Linux, Windows XP, Macintosh • Real-time operating systems Control systems – VxWorks, QNX • Embedded operating systems Mobile phones – uCLinux, PalmOS, Windows CE • Smart card operating systems Smart cards 10