225 the residential sector (85 1 Mt) and 15 7% from transport and services (63 5 Mt) While industry accounts for 7 1% (28 6 Mt), agriculture and other components would emit the least (0 5 Mt), account[.]
225 the residential sector (85.1 Mt) and 15.7% from transport and services (63.5 Mt) While industry accounts for 7.1% (28.6 Mt), agriculture and other components would emit the least (0.5 Mt), accounting for 0.1% of total emissions Overall, the SC3 Food scenario is likely to generate positive impacts on socio-economic progress with higher GDP than SC1 and less negative impacts on generating CO2 emissions compared with SC2 In the SC4 Water scenario, the country is projected to have the lowest CO2 emissions, reaching 398.2 Mt, with an average annual increase at 7.4% during 2014–2030 This is equivalent to a decline of 7.6 % (32.9 Mt), 22.9 % (118.2 Mt), and 1.2 % (4.9 Mt) from SC1, SC2, and SC3, respectively The major contribution to this result is the energy sector with 210.8 Mt, the residential sector with 94.4 Mt, and the transport and service sector with 64 Mt Overall, SC4 Water can be considered the best scenario among the sectoralcentric scenarios in terms of balancing economic gain and impact on CO emissions Even though the SC5 Energy Food Water Nexus scenario achieves the highest economic output and energy–food–water security, the environmental damage from this scenario is significant: 477.1 Mt of CO2 emissions This is equivalent to an annual average increase of 8.6% during 2014–2030 or an increase of 10.7 %, 18.4 %, and 19.8 % over the SC1, SC3, and SC4 scenarios, respectively Compared with the SC2 energy scenario, in which the largest amount of CO2 is released, total CO2 emissions in this scenario are marginally lower at 7.6% The highest amount of CO2 emissions is likely to be generated from the energy sector (275.8 Mt, or 57.8%), followed by the residential sector (97.2 Mt or 20.4%) and transport and services (69.9 Mt or 14.6%) Apart from the positive impacts on most aspects, high CO2 emissions are a major concern of the SC5 scenario, which needs further improvement before it could be embraced as Vietnam’s development pathway The SC6 Low Carbon scenario is projected to realise the lowest amount of CO2, decreasing to 392.6 Mt in 2030 For example, the highest CO2 emissions are from energy (235 Mt), accounting for 59.9%, followed by transport and services (66.6 Mt), accounting for 17.1%, and the residential sector (58.8 Mt), accounting for 30% The main reason for this improvement is the emission reduction from electrical appliances, which is expected to decline by 2% per year in the residential sector In addition, the conversion from fossil fuel to greener fuels, such as E5, would gradually reduce emissions by 5% by 2030 while the replacement of some planned coal-fired capacity with more advanced gas