231 absolute values of these attributes will decline accordingly, for example, with energy intensity worsening from 273 6 toe/Mn$ in 2014 to 480 3 toe/Mn$ in 2030, energy diversity showing a worsening[.]
231 absolute values of these attributes will decline accordingly, for example, with energy intensity worsening from 273.6 toe/Mn$ in 2014 to 480.3 toe/Mn$ in 2030, energy diversity showing a worsening from 0.37 in 2014 to 0.43 in 2030 on the Herfindahl index, and energy efficiency declining from 74% in 2014 to 70.7% in 2030 These results indicate the worsening of energy security in all aspects, indicating that the continuation of a historical development approach like SC1 is no longer suitable for as Vietnam’s future energy pathway Food Security Against the backdrop of high population growth and rapid urbanization, as well as the relatively weak response of the Vietnamese government to increasing food production as described in SC1 for the period 2014–2030, the country is likely to experience significant deterioration in food security in terms of both quantity and quality In SC1, food security would be worse than in the base year (2014), with a food security index of 83.7 in 2030 in comparison to 87 in 2014 (Figure 7-1) Major indicators of food security in SC1 are worsened, for example food accessibility declines 4.3 units on the index (8.7 in 2014 to 8.3 in 2030); a decline of 3.7 units on the food affordability index from 41.2% in 2014 to 39.5% in 2030; as well as greater dependency on food imports, with an increase from 18.7% in 2014 to 19.2% in 2030 (Table 7-1) As Vietnam continues its efforts to maximize economic output by allocating more agricultural land in order to support industrialization and rapid urbanization, the country will inevitably face food insecurity In other words, there is a trade-off between economic prosperity and food security Water security Water security in SC1 in 2030 is likely to be worse in comparison to 2014 For example, in this scenario, water security indicators fell to 72.7 in 2030 compared to 83.6 in 2014 The water efficiency index is affected the most, decreasing from 23.4% in 2014 to 19.5% in 2030 The reason for this decrease is lack of investment in and development of water resources, leading to lower production efficiency and a significant drop in water use Moreover, in this scenario, the water intensity index worsened by 11.5% (from 24.2 Mnm3/Mn$ in 2014 to 27 Mnm3/Mn$ in 2030), while the water affordability index decreases by 7.9 units (from 0.25% in 2014 to 0.23% in 2030) The water stress index is the most affected attribute, which worsened by 3.2% (from 59% in 2014 to 62.2% in 2030) The increase in water stress and decline in water efficiency are key factors in the