218 investment changes and the impact on economic output, the supply and demand of energy, and the water system in various scenarios during 2014–2030 In the SC1 BAU scenario, infrastructure investment[.]
218 investment changes and the impact on economic output, the supply and demand of energy, and the water system in various scenarios during 2014–2030 In the SC1 BAU scenario, infrastructure investment increases at an average annual rate of 16% during 2014–2030, reaching over USD 31 billion in 2030 On average, this investment is annually allocated for electricity infrastructure, irrigation systems, and transport systems in the proportion 92.3% (USD 28.8 billion), 4.4% (USD 1.4 billion), and 3.3% (USD 1billion), respectively (Figure 6-36 and Figure 6-37) The continuation of historical allocation of infrastructure investment in SC1 results in a marginal increase in economic output, however, this is accompanied by a slow-down in the speed of economic growth at 5.3% compared with 5.5% in the base year (2014) Figure 6-36: Investment Requirment For Infrastructure, various Scenarios Source: Estimates based on modelling developed in this research In the SC2 Energy scenario, infrastructure investment increases at an average annual rate of 14% during the period 2014–2030, reaching over USD 46.5 billion in 2030 On average, this investment is annually allocated across electricity infrastructure, irrigation systems, and transport systems at 95.6% (USD 44.9 billion), 1.9% (USD 0.9 billion), and 1.6% (USD 0.8 billion), respectively (Figure 6-31 and Figure 6-32) With an energyoriented policy, major infrastructure investment in SC2 is allocated to electricity systems to improve energy security In this scenario, renewable energies are deployed to meet 20% of the total energy needs, mainly, wind, solar, and biomass, in which solar PVs and