Kết nối nhà trường, gia đình và xã hội nhằm tăng cường giáo dục đạo đức cho học sinh trung học phổ thông tại Hà Nội

Kết nối nhà trường, gia đình và xã hội nhằm tăng cường giáo dục đạo đức cho học sinh trung học phổ thông tại Hà Nội

April, 2014

ACKNOWLEDGMENT With sincerity, I would like to express my thanks to all of Professors of Southern Luzon State University (SLSU) and Thai Nguyen University (TNU) for their insightful lectures in different subjects provided me with the knowledge and techniques to develop a informative research

The first and most important, I want to thank Prof.Dr Teresita V Dela Cruz, my supervisor, for her invaluable thoughts, suggestions and insightful useful guidance during the thesis work More over, I also appreciated my committee members for their valuable comments and constructive suggestions, which are of significant value to this research

I would like to express deep gratitude to Prof.Dr Phan Van Que, who was dedicated

to guide me throughout the research process and complete my thesis to get good results today

Sincere thanks to 10 high schools in Hanoi, teachers, students, parents of students, family, friends, colleagues dedicated to provide documents, suggestions, encouragement for

me to complete this thesis

Although I've tried hard, due to time limited and capacity, my thesis has certainly inevitable shortcomings, I hope to receive comments from scientists, the teachers, colleagues and those interested in ethics education for students in the current period

Hoang Hong Trang

CONTENT

ABSTRACT - 6

LIST OF FIGURES - 8

INTRODUCTION - 10

1.1 Background of the Study 10

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 13

1.3 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 15

1.4 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 15

1.4.1 For each student - 15

1.4.2 For the family - 15

1.4.3 For the school - 16

1.4.4 The Society - 16

1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS 16

1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS 17

CHAPTER II - 18

REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES - 18

2.1 THE DEFINITION OF MORALS 18

2.2 THE MORAL EDUCATION 20

2.2.1 Education - 20

2.2.2 Moral education - 20

2.3 THE CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT 22

2.4 THE CONCEPT OF ENHANCING 23

2.5 THE CONCEPT OF THE LINKAGE 23

2.6 THE LINKAGE OF THE SCHOOL, FAMILY AND SOCIETY IN THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF MORAL EDUCATION FOR HIGH SCHOOL

STUDENTS IN HANOI 23

2.7 OBJECTIVES OF HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION 24

2.8 THE OBJECTIVES OF MORAL EDUCATION FOR STUDENTS 24

2.9 THE BASIC CONTENT OF MORAL EDUCATION FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS 25

2.10 THE TASK OF MORAL EDUCATION FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS 29

2.11 THE MEANING OF THE LINKAGE OF THE SCHOOL WITH THE FAMILY AND SOCIETY FOR ENHANCING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MORAL EDUCATION FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN HANOI 33

2.11.1 The linkage between the school with the family in the moral education for high school students - 34

2.11.2 The linkage between the school with social forces in the moral education for high school students - 35

2.12 THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LIKAGE OF THE SCHOOL, FAMILY AND SOCIETY IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MORAL EDUCATION FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN HANOI 36

2.13 RESEARCH PARADIGM 40

CHAPTER III - 41

METHODOLOGY - 41

3.1 LOCATION OF THE STUDY 41

3.2 RESEARCH METHODS 42

3.2.2 Practical research methods - 42

3.3 POPULATION AND SAMPLING 43

3.4 INSTRUMENTATION 44

3.5 DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE 44

3.6 STATISTICAL TREATMENT 51

CHAPTER IV - 52

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS - 52

4.1 EVALUATING THE STATUS OF MORAL EDUCATION AT HIGH SCHOOLS IN HANOI 52

4.1.1 Evaluating the effectiveness of moral education in schools - 52

4.1.2 Evaluating the status of moral education at high schools in Hanoi - 54

4.1.2 The analysis of survey results - 63

4.1.3 Some conclusions and findings - 66

4.2 SUGGESTING A MORAL EDUCATION PROGRAM TO LINK THE SCHOOL, FAMILIES AND SOCIETY FOR MORAL EDUCATION FOR STUDENT AT HIGH SCHOOLS IN HANOI 68

4.2.1 Objectives and benchmarks for designing a moral education program for students at high schools in Hanoi - 68

4.2.2 Requirements for designing training program to link schools, families and society for moral education of students at high schools in Hanoi - 71

4.2.3 Suggesting extracurricular activities with moral educational content for school students in Hanoi - 73

4.2.4 Some recommendation for organizing extra-curriculum activities - 89

4.2.5 The implementing measures - 91

4.3 RESPONSE, EVALUATION FROM EXPERTS AND SOME CONCLUSION 99

CHAPTER V - 105

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS - 105

5.1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 105

5.1.2 Conclusions - 108

5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS 109

BIBLIOGRAPHY - 111

APPENDICES - 115

APPENDIX A 115

APPENDIX B - 116

APPENDIX C 122

APPENDIX D 124

CURRICULUM VITAE - 126

ABSTRACT

Today, the moral education programs are implemented for students from young to elder ages In pre-primary level, it is the education of ethical behavior; in the elementary level, it is the subject of morals; in high school, it is the civic education Teaching ethics in schools is still considered one of the important directions against the moral degradation in the part of students But textbook programs are too heavily depending on theory, not associated with the reality, lack of soft skills, failed to remarkly form the personality of students The education program is too heavy, hence difficult for students to remember and concentrate The program in high school civic education textbooks has not changed drasticly It seems to be philosophical, academic, stuffing, dry, lack of the formation of the right moral habits, which has not made a mark in students’ hearts, making them vulnerable of social context High school students in adolescents (16-18 years old), they are in their physical, psychological, physiological development stage, which is a period of transition from children to young adults This is the period when children join actively in social life, thereby forming qualities

of the citizens Instead of teaching students further moral lessons, it is time for the school to educate children about kindness, tolerance, generosity, and education on ethics in social relations It is a need to find effective forms of living, creating a healthy playground for students Building a good educational environment, in large in the society and school, particularly in family and classes, in order that students can study to become virtuous and talented

In order to collect information for the study, we have delivered questionnaires to people of different background- They are parents, teachers, students…we have got back the answers from 455 people as shown below:

The questionnaires on moral education were designed in terms of:

1 Assess the status of Moral in high school in Hanoi;

2 Find out how important the linkage between the school with the family and

society;

3 Suggest a moral education program with extra- curriculum activities to link the school family and society together

With the assessment of the status of moral education in high school, with the findings from data analysis, with the reality of national education in VietNam, we can see:

- Besides the lessons of moral education in school, some other activities should be organized for students to participate and to widen their look of life But what kind of activities? And How are these organized? These are the questions by many people

- The school can better organize the extra- curriculum activities by co-ordinating with the family and society

But how to co-ordinate these forces and how to enhance the linkage of school with family and society? These are also the questions by many people From our own knowledge and experience, other with their questions and suggestion, we have tried to design a moral education program through the extra- curriculum activities In the program through the extra- curriculum activities In the program we have confirmed the necessity of extra- curriculum activities in moral education for high school students, and chosen 20 among 45 activities that

we think appropriate for high school students At the same time we also suggested the procedures and measures:

- To organize these activities;

- To link the school, family and society together;

- To enhance the linkage between them;

- To evaluate the process and results of the linkage

All procedures and measures are based on the law of education, the principle of operation, the sharing of responsibility in community… and are tested by different experts in education This program with appropriate procedures and measures hopes to have reasonable contribution to the training of a future generation for the country

co-LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1: The content of moral education 21

Figure 2.2: The nature of management 22

Figure 2.3: Schematic of independent variables, dependent variables and the result of the study 40

Figure 3.1: Map of the 10 schools in Hanoi 42

Figure 3.2: Describing and comparing the results ethical ranking of students 53

in 10 schools in 03 schoolyears 53

Figure 3.3: Forms of parents' involvement in the learning activity 47

Figure 4.1: Satisfaction in status of moral education in high school 56

Figure 4.2: Satisfaction level of evaluation of the surveyed about Curriculum Framework 58

Figure 4.3: Satisfaction level of evaluation of the surveyed about Implementation/ Teaching resources and assessment 59

Figure 4.4: Satisfaction in the effect of extra- curriculum activities in the implementation of moral education for high school students 61

Figure 4.5: Satisfaction level of evaluation of the surveyed about Linkages 62

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1: List of 10 high schools in Hanoi where the study was conducted 41

Table 3.2: Number of survey participants 43

Table 3.4: Results ethical ranking of students in 10 schools in 2010-2011 52

Table 3.5: Results ethical ranking of students in 10 schools in 2011-2012 53

Table 4.1: Weighted Mean Distribution of satisfaction in status of moral education in high school 56

Table 4.2: Weighted Mean Distribution of satisfaction in Curriculum Framework 57

Table 4.3: Weighted Mean Distribution of satisfaction in Implementation 59

Table 4.4: Weighted Mean Distribution of satisfaction in the effect of extra- curriculum activities in the implementation of moral education for high school students 60

Table 4.5: Weighted Mean Distribution of satisfaction in Linkages 62

Table 4.6: Plan of activities to reach the agreement 86

Table 4.7: List of highly preferred extracurricular activities with persons/organization insvolved for high school students in Hanoi 78

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Morality is an important aspect, the core element of personality of every human being Therefore, the formation of personality in general, educational and moral training in particular for the younger generation is always the priority task of the school all the time

Humans has been moving up to a new era created by establishing a culture of peace, which is a culture to address international, national and ethnic issues mainly through co-operation, cultures and education

The advance progress of the scientific and technological revolution in the twenty first century, has changed the physical living condition as well as the social standard system, especially the human values Hence, the urgent issue is that which way the relationship between the booming development of the scientific and technological revolution and the degradation in human values of social life will be solved harmoniously

Entering the first stage of the revolution of industrialisation and modernisation of the country, it will certainly create a new development in the economic life and change the face of society However, how we can both accelerate the industrialisation and modernisation, maintain and bring into play the national cultural tradition It depends on the Vietnamese ourselves, on the education for the young generation, the future owners of the country

The today’s Vietnamese youth inherits many advantages from a new era with the intelligence, dynamic, eager-to-learn and enterprising spirits Nevertheless, through many years in the context of the market economy and the globalisation of international economic intergration, in Vietnam “it appears many particularly worrying phenomena, that some parts

of students have moral degradation, hazy ideals, practical lifestyles, lack of ambitions to settle for the future of themselves and their country”

The twenty first century is the time of intergation, knowledge and the development of science and technology Humans, especially high school students, are often affected by very complex, sometimes contradictory, multilateral and multidimentional effects Hence, school education needs to collaborate closely with families and society to minimize the negative impacts, in order to train out the people with fully developed personality

Therefore, to develop human resource and enhance the quality of school education, it

is necessary to combine the education at school, at home and in the society, creating a healthy educational environment, mobilizing the synergy, establising the consistency, that all impacts

on the comprehensive development of the young personality

Highschool, the final level of general educational system has a great mission in implementing educational objectives - “The objectives of the education and training Vietnamese people are to have the comprehensive development with morals, knowledge, health, aesthetics and professional career, the loyalty with the ideal of national independence and socialism, forming and nuturing the citizens’ virtues and abilities to meet the requirement

of building and protecting the country” (Education Law 2011, National Political Publishing

House, Hanoi) Especially, at this school level, the target is to train out teenagers from the age

of 16 to 18 to acquire a solid comprehensive common knowledge, ethics, system of necessary abilities to prepare for life In fact, however, the massive development in scale, and number of high school students in recent years is not proportional to the quality of cultural and ethical

quality There are manifestations of the moral degradation of the high school students This is

an issue being addressed by the Education – Training sector and the whole society

Moral education for students becomes an extremely important mission, especially in the context of industrialization and modernization of the country However, so far “Family and social communities have not proved their vital roles in education, have not coordinated closely with the school in educating the youth, especially in political morals to prevent social evils, depraved cultural products and the negative impact of market mechanisms for school

"(The theoretical issues of science education National Publishing House, Hanoi - Le Van

profound social essence, which can be seen in different aspects with the paricipation of many social forces If Education and Training is only carried out within the campus, certainly it cannot bring in the general strength comprehensively and therefore leading to the low quality result

In some dialogues between students and school leaders, many students frankly pointed out the weakness of the moral education in school such as the content, the teaching method, the assessment… They suggested moral education would fulfil its role: To train and educate students to become citizens with good behaviour and good value (http://dantri.com.vn/giao-duc-khuyen-hoc/dao-duc-sao-lai-hoc-thuoc-cham-diem-853058.htm)

During a visit to the educational department of HoChiMinh city on the occasion of the Vietnamese Teacher’s day Madam Nguyen Thi Doan – the vice president of Vietnam expressed her concern about the moral education for school students Madam Doan estimated that a part (not small) of students are showing serious moral degradation through misbehavior, disobedience However, the moral education is done through the subject of civic education with one hour per week The method of teaching this subject is monotonous and inflexible Majority of students are not interested in this subject One more problem is that in many school teachers do not like teaching this subject because they can not have extra- income with teaching this subject Moreover, students are lazy in learning this subject, so teachers of other subjects take turn to teach this subject The vice president stressed that the moral education should be integrated among all subject, not civic education only The outdoor events, extra curriculum, activities, sightseeing…must be widely conducted, and the method of teaching civic education must be more flexible and more practical We must equipe our students with the real life knowledge, not unreal and impractical concept

(http:/vnexpress.net/detail/print?id=2912608&page=1)

According to mass media, the Ministry of education and training has plans to organize conference and seminars on the moral education at national level so that they can have ground

From the direction by the state leaders, the worries/ concens of the schools and society,

the suggestion by the students, the plan of renovation of MOET and the demand by the social

development, the intergration and globalization, there must be more studies on moral

education and solution as well Which these main reason, we have decided to choose the

topic: “L inking the school, family and society in enhancing the moral education program

for high school students in HaNoi ” for the study

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

In the time of globalization and intergration, the introduction and spread of Western

culture has created a very powerful wave to influence other cultures, especially the Eastern

culture, and Vietnam is an example of this phenomenon Besides, the life of the industrial and

modern era makes people become more utilitarian which is the main cause for so many

changes of attitude and moral standards of Vietnamese in general and Hanoian in particular

The age at high school from 16 to 18 years-old is affected much and quickly by this factor

They are very sensitive and need to be educated to shape the behaviors and lifestyles, ethical

standards, the true value of human compassion and education However, what they learn in

books is not enough Educational programs in some case are not quite flexible and interesting Most of moral teachers in high schools are not very well-trained and

do not have high competency in teaching Normally, head - teachers are responsible for this

subject They teach this subject together with classroom activities on Monday Therefore,

students do not see this as an important subject, more over documents and teaching methods

are rather poor Thus, in the opinion of many people the moral education program in school is

not quite effective In addition the moral education by the family is causing a lot of

controversy, parents in general try to put too much hope on their children related to academic

achievement that creates a negative pressure for children The parents also want to impose the

rule of making friends, relationships, intervention on preferences, time management, future

directions Although this idea is great, family upbringing is not always effective anymore

The education, especially moral education for children should require combined efforts from

school, family and outside society Currently, not all social organizations and the government offices are interested in or share the responsibilities in moral education, some of them still remain indifferent to this matter which they consister the task of the schools and family only.

For that reason, linking the school, family and society in enhancing the moral

education program for high school students in Hanoi is essential task in the implementation of training a future generation for the country

With all the matters mentioned above, we have set out the following objectives for the study:

1 Assess the status of Moral education in high schools in Hanoi;

2 Find out how important the linkage between the school with the family and society;

3 Suggest a moral education program with extra- curriculum activities to link the school family and society together

To achieve these objectives in the study, we try to answer the following questions:

1 How is the current status of moral education in high school and what are the standards/criteria used to evaluate the morality of high school students?

2 What are the factors influencing the formation of personality and moral model of high school students in Hanoi?

3 Why do the school, family and the society have to work together in moral education for high school students in Hanoi?

4 Is the linkage among the school with the family and society in moral education for high school students in Hanoi feasible and effective? And how is it done?

5 What are the solutions for the school, family and society to set up and enhance the linkage in moral education for high school students in Hanoi?

We do not answer these questions separately, but we will try to give comprehensive answer as

a whole through following chapters

1.3 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Linking the school, family and society in the implementation of moral education has a positive impact on improving the quality of moral education for students (In the case of high school students in HaNoi)

1.4 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research aims to find out the way of enhancing the linkage of the school, family and society in the implementation of moral education, and the solutions will be beneficial for the following objects:

1.4.1 For each student

Understanding the nature of morality, principles, contents and ethical standards of the Vietnamese people in the modern society, matching the requirements at their age, at the same time understand the necessity to train themselves to meet the requirements of ethical standards, having healthy and aesthetic lifestyles, deserving to become the country's future

Having the right attitude of moral sentiments and social relationships Have a clear attitude towards the political morality in society

Building habits of regularly practising ethical behavior, in behavior and in social activity Being self-aware of implementing ethical behaviors, obeying the convention of the law and culture Having healthy and pure lifestyle, showing the good status of the a student Actively fighting against the symptoms of depraveing and debauched lifestyle, selfishness, pragmatism, indifferent to the problems of life, not thinking of the sacrifice and the loss of their father's generation Having academic training, scientific researching, working, participating in social activities frequently and positively to prepare for the future career

1.4.2 For the family

As there is only one or two children in almost present Vietnamese families, that

makes a favourable condition for the success of family education, contributing actively and effectively in shaping children's personality and self-confidence Each family is a cell of the society, so improving family education will also make social development to keep up with the civilization of the world and still not lose the cultural identity of the nation

1.4.3 For the school

The results of this research hopefully will be useful for the high schools in general and the high schools in Hanoi in particular in fostering ethics for students The solution of the research will find out how to organize the coordination of the school, the family and the society to create a close and effective communication in moral education for the students With the quality coordination of social forces, the school will have a healthy, spacious, civilized and polite training facilities Thereby the education quality will be improved, providing the society with talented and moral citizens

1.4.4 The Society

Through the results of the research, we hope to train and provide the country with future excellent citizens having all- round knowledge, the love and pride for the country and the people and above all well trained and disciplined generation for the integration and globalization in a new era

The research contributes to confirming the very important role of the society, together with the school and family, in fostering the moral standards for the children in general and especially for high school children in particular

The research also aims at dentifying and clarifying the responsibility of the society social organizations (Social organization: Youth Union, Women’s union, Trade Union, Administrative officies of all levels ) in co-educating the young generation for the country 1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

This research will find out the solutions to enhance linkage between the school with the family and society in the implementation of moral education

The participants and informants of this research will be 485 people including the educational managers, educators, teachers, principles, students, officials working in Government’s office, in Social organizations, the parents and relatives of students…The research is done at 10 high schools, different offices and different families in HaNoi

Method of collecting data and information:

- Interview whoever related to the research in the above school/ offices/families

- Give questionnaires to them for their opinion/ comment

- Seminar with different groups for information

As for the linkage of with the society, we just focus on the role, the responsibilities of some major social organizations (Youth Union, Women’s Union, Trades Union, Professional associations), Social Functions (Festival, Entertainment, Sport and cultural events) and some other offices most related to the educating young generation (office of police, justice, mass media…)

1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS

* Moral: Moral is a special form of social consciousness, expressed in the form of principles, rules and standards to regulate human behaviors in relationships between human and nature, between human to human

* Moral education: A process of turning the system of moral standards, from external demands of social for individuals, to internal demands of individuals, forming beliefs, needs and habits of educational object

* Management: The way of organizing control, impact of management subject to management object in order to effectively achieve objectives set by the organization

* Enhancing: Strengthening / making better of something which is in existence

* Linkage: The connection also the co- operation between people/ organization/ countries in order to implement/ to achieve something

* Organization: A structure linking the individuals in a system in order to to achieve the system’s objectives based on certain principles and rules

* Coordinating: The impact on the object to create the targeting influence relationship with consistency and focus to mobilize the combined strength of all the objects in order to achieve the objectives

* School: A particular social organization with strict organizational structure, specializes in educating, training children toward the direction of society

* Family: Family is the cell of society, is a group of people who live together as the smallest unit of society, they are bound together by the ties of marriage, blood, often includes spouses, parents and children

* Social forces: The domestic administrations, socio-political organizations, economic organizations, mass organizations, functional organizations

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter will present the theoretical basis based on the documents related to important issues, which are significant for this research It also brings out some diagrams and definitions of terms to help the reader fully understand the context of this research

2.1 THE DEFINITION OF MORALS

To survive and develop, people have to work and participate in social relationships in the real world In the course of that relationship, if people have the responsibility to communicate, behave in accordance with the common interests of the people, of human social community, they are considered moral In contrast, individuals with behaviours, attitudes that prejudice to the interests of others and of the community will have social blame, being condemned, and be considered immoral

So morals is a social phenomenon that reflects the real relationship of human life In life, often each person must be aware of the meaning and the purpose of their activities in the past, present and the future These activities are governed by the personal relationship between individuals, between individual and society in the limit of the community and the nation to ensure the benefits for all to rise actively, voluntarily to create the motivation for social to develop These are the standard rules completely self-control the actions of each individual in social relationships Moral concepts can be understood broadly as follows:

Morals is a special form of social consciousness, manifested in the form of principles, rules and standards to regulate the behaviour of people in the relationships between human and the nature and the society, human and human and with themselves

Of course, morals is a form of consciousness that is always affected by the history, the classes, and the ethnicity, associated with the evolution of the human race and the ethnicity, morals is not only subjected to the provisions of the economic and the physical conditions, but

also be affected by the social interaction, the interplayed of other social consciousness as law, culture, education, custlimitoms

The basic categories, contents, and the concepts of morals can be summarized as follows:

* The basic categories of morals exist and develop in the following opposite forms:

- Good and Bad

- Conscientious and Dishonest

- Responsible and Remiss

- Loyal and Disloyal, Disrespectful

- Glorious and Disgraceful

- Happy and Unfortunate

* The basic moral content:

- Affection for the people and country

- Passion and possitive attitude in working

- Sense of collectiveness, community, solidarity, descipline

- Humanism

- International consciousness in the new era

- Civilised lifestyle

* The possitive behaviour:

- Righteousness and Honesty

- The Principle and Steadfastness

- Modesty and Politeness

- Generosity and Delicateness

- Thrift and Simpleness

- Bravery and Heroic quality

2.2 THE MORAL EDUCATION

2.2.1 Education

Education is a social phenomenon, a process with purposeful impacts, organized by plan, voluntarily and actively affects human and leads to the formation and development of personality

Generally, education in all families, school and social impacts including teaching and other forms of education have strong impact on the human

Particularly, education can be considered as a process affecting on human’s ideal, ethics and behavior (moral education, career education, lifestyle and behavior education…)

2.2.2 Moral education

Essentially, moral education is the process of changing the standard ethic system, from the external social demands on individuals, into the internal of individual demands, build up the belief, need, and the habit of educational subjects According to Associate Professor – Dr Pham Viet Vuong “Moral education is the process that has the impact on students to form their ideal, emotion and moral belief and the ultimate goal is to create the habit of ethical behavior "(Pham

Viet Vuong, 2008, State Administration and Management of Education and Training sector

Pedagogical University Publishing House, Hanoi)

Moral education is to form the basic point, the basic moral principles of the society, so that people have the ability to select and evaluate thinking, their own behavior So that the education and training contribute to the formation and the development of the human personality to suit each stage of the social development

The process of moral education including the impacts of many factors, objective and subjective, outside and inside It is understandable that all the relationships in the school and the society in which students participate in have the educational impact on students These can

be combined in order to strengthen and support the moral education If not combined properly these can conflict, disable and weaken the result of moral education Thus moral education is only effective when educators have the ability to organize and make efficient educational measures in order to achieve educational goals

According to Professor – Dr Ha Nhat Thang "Educating the humanistic moral value system is a process of organizing educational activities in many ways, many measures to help people understand the standard moral system that suit the demand of the social development and to help people in self-assessment, having the need to carry out those standards This value system orients and regulates the behavior of people, because education with self possitive activities, people increasingly understand the role of the sense of conscience, individual honor and personal ethics in public, and they train themselves towards the true value, make the standard moral system from the external into the internal demands such as individual belief,

need, and habit of the educated person" (Ha Nhat Thang (9/96 page 8) Home-teacher with managing the education of the high school students in new condition)

Figure 2.1: The content of moral education

The moral education carries out the curriculum which aims to develop students in the

6 domains of (i) Self-awareness and mastery, (ii) moral development, (iii) education and career planning, (iv) citizenship development, (v) life roles management and (vi) leadership development The programme complements and supports the Student Development department's aim to develop passionate and innovative individuals who can serve the community with empathy, integrity and responsibility

2.3 THE CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT

There are many different concepts of management but all refer to the nature of management activites That is how to organize the controls and impact of management subject

to management object in order to effectively achieve the objectives set by organization

The nature of management activities is the expressions of targetting impact on a group

of people in order to achieve management objectives In education, it is the impact of education managers to teachers, students and other educational forces in society to systematically achieve the educational management objectives

Management function is the expression of the nature of management It is a critical category of basic categories of management science, is the kind of functional activities extracted from management activities and specialized “Management functions are the expressions

of targetting impact on a group of people”

There are four basic functions closely related to each other and form the cycle of management: Planning, Organizing, Controlling and Supervising

The nature of management activities is the impact purposeful of the subject to the object in the organization to obtain the targets Castaldi (2001) in her work

“ Education Administration: Applied Concepts and Theoretical Perspective” stated the nature

of management as follows:

Figure 2.2: The nature of management

subject of management

objective of management

content management

tools and means

of management

Aim of management

2.4 THE CONCEPT OF ENHANCING

Enhancing generally means the strengthening, improving or making something better

In this study, enhancing means the strengthening of the linkage and the co-operation between the school with the family and society in the moral education for high school students In reality, the linkage between the school with the family and society is already in existence and always a key factor in moral education Therefore, how to enhance this linkage must be taken into consideration in order to achieve better objectives in moral education

2.5 THE CONCEPT OF THE LINKAGE

Linkage is understood as the collaboration among the people, organization, countries… in order to implement certain tasks In this study, it refers to the collaboration and also the connection, the exchange of information and procedures between the school with the family and society in moral education for high school students The linkage is manifested and realized in different ways, but in this study, we only deal with the most common way of linkage- that is the working together between school with the family and society for fostering new generation

2.6 THE LINKAGE OF THE SCHOOL, FAMILY AND SOCIETY IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MORAL EDUCATION FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

IN HANOI

Linkage of the school with the family and society in moral education for students has the impact on the object to create the targeting influence relationship with consistency and focus to mobilize the combined strength of the school, the family and society in order to achieve the objective

EPSTEIN and her colleagues have conceptualized the relationships among family- society as action strategies of parents, of the school and society that efficiently support the students' success in school, their satisfaction and welfare in the family and school

school-environment as well as in the wider frame of the community in which they live (EPSTEIN et al., 2002, p.17) [21]

2.7 OBJECTIVES OF HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION

- According to the Education Law 2005, amended in 2009: "The objectives of high school education is to help students develop a comprehensive moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic quality, and basic skills to form a Vietnamese socialist person, shaping civic status and responsibility, preparing for students’ further education or working life, participating in the developing and protecting mission of the country"

- "High school education is to help students consolidate and improve the results of secondary education, completing the secondary education and the common understanding of the technology and career to continue further education in university, college, vocational school or to start working."

2.8 THE OBJECTIVES OF MORAL EDUCATION FOR STUDENTS

The objectives of moral education is to help individuals realize the true moral values,

to know how to behave by justice and humanity, to live for people, for families, for the advancement of the society and the prosperity of the country The most important purpose of moral education is to create the habit of ethical behavior The above objectives has been

affirmed in the education law that: "it is to help students develop comprehensively morals, intellectual, aesthetics and basic skills aimed at the formation of the Vietnamese people"

In terms of perception: Understanding the nature of ethics, principles, contents and ethical standards of the Vietnamese people in the new line with the requirements of their age and understand the need for self-training to meet the requirements of ethical standards to become citizens with good lifestyle, affection for the beauty, deserving to become the country's future Raising the political awareness, understanding the requirements of the industrialization and modernization mission of the country, understanding the point of view of Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh Thought on human development issues, associated with

the renewal of the country, have a clear perspective of lifestyle to adapt to the requirements of the new development stage

In terms of emotional attitude: Having the right attitude of moral sentiments, healthy social relationships Having a deep love and gratitude for their father's generation who sacrificed for the country’s freedom Have a clear attitude towards the social political morality

In terms of skills and behaviors: Positively studying and practising in work, group activities, social activities Having habits of regularly exercising ethical behaviour, in both behaviour and social activity Being self-awared of performing ethical behaviour, following the law and culture Having healthy and pure lifestyle, showing the good status of the a student Actively fight against with the symptoms of a depraveing and debauching lifestyle, only enjoying, pragmatic, indifferent to the problems of life, not thinking of the sacrifice and the loss of their father's generation Having academic training, scientific researching, working, participating in social activities frequently and positively to prepare for the future career

Moral education in schools is a very important part of the pedagogical process Moral education in general, including the following:

Equip to the educated subjects about understanding the belief, ethical standards and principles

Educate the awareness of the purposes of life, of the individual lifestyle, the relationships within the family, a collective and the social, and of the creative working life, the obligation of working and protecting the country…

2.9 THE BASIC CONTENT OF MORAL EDUCATION FOR HIGH SCHOOL

STUDENTS

The content of moral education is to establish ethical behaviour and habits in accordance with the social principles create a strong moral consciousness for students

According to Prof Dr Pham Minh Hac (Pham Minh Hac (1997) Character education, personnel training National Education Publishing House, Hanoi), the ethical

standards of Vietnamese people in the era of industrialization and modernization can be grouped relatively into five types reflecting the main relationships that people have to deal with:

- Type of ethical standards expressing the awareness of political ideology: with the socialist ideal, affection for the country, self-reliance, national pride and belief in the Communist Party and the Government

- Type of moral standards expressing toward self improvement themselves, such as: self-esteem, self-confidence, self-reliance, simplicity, thrift, loyalty, diligence, inclining to the good, being aware of restraint and regretfullness

- Type of ethical standards expressing in the relationships with other people and other ethnic groups: Benevolence and righteousness, piety, tolerance, altruism, cooperation, equality, polite, respect others, loyalty, prestige

- Type of standards related to creating life environment such as: Building a happy family, preserving natural environment and resources, constructing a society with justice, democracy, equality, etc On the other hand, consciously resisting against behavior that cause harm to people, to the living environment, protecting the peace, promoting and preserving the traditional and cultural heritages of the the nation and the humanity

Detail contents of moral education for students in high school’s training targets and plans in Decision 1392 by the Minister of Education and Training on 31/3/2011 are as follow:

"Educated to have a world outlook, to be ideological, political, legal, ethical, and to behave politely "which clearly states that knowledge must help students to understand the scientific picture of the world and the natural development law of human society, to implement the urgent problems that the mankind is together dealing with, to properly understand the basic ideas and social values, to understand the ruling Party's national renewal,

to understand the basic content of the national constitution and the laws, and the citizen’s rights and obligations, to understand the country's history and national cultural identity, to understand the ideals, principles, moral and humane qualities as well as humanity and nation's progress Etc

The content of moral education for high school students not only requires students to master the knowledge of moral education but also to be skillful in practice, to have the right and positive attitude when receiving and implementing that content

The psychophysiological characteristics of high school students

High school students (16-18 years old) are in the stage of high physical, psychological, physiological development in the transition from children to adults This is the period when children actively join social life, thereby forming their civil personality

Characteristics of personality development of high school students is consciousness associated with awareness and assessment of psychological qualities, moral in his own personality on both aspects of specific objectives and aspiration in life They assess themselves not in the present but toward the future The specific trait of moral qualities development is the strengthening in moral beliefs and consciousness in behaviour Academic life, social work life in a healthy community have high demanding and positively impact its members, often improve consciousness and behaviour of those students Also at this age, high school students have a strong need for friendship and love Besides, they are building their own views and deciding perspective and plan for their own life by themselves

self-Moral characteristics of current high school students

In the era of science, techonology and information, the younger generation also has profound changes and robust There are many features in common with traditional moral values of society, but also new features marking changes of time Here are some of lalient features:

+ This is the age of dreams and ambitions but most of them pay attention to real needs and differentiation in various directions.The majority of students have strong determination to study,

to master scientific knowledge, to advance to future career Most of students are eager to work, to develops their own talents and skills to integrate into the community and follow a career This is also the dream, the legitimate desire of the time, suitable with the social development laws

+ Students at this age are abundant and sensitive both physically and intettectualy, like

to explore new things, creativity They have high sense of self-reliance, want to live independently, expect meaningful work They have scientific skepticism, the desire to find the

“Truth”, the “Good” and the “Beauty”, want to show the role of an adult and actively participate in social activities, especially: “Literature”, “Sport” and “Art” activities, have good ability in exchanging, liberal and generous, enthusiastic and eager to experience the hard work, difficulties and challenges in life

+ This is the age when emotion strongly developes: They appear to have great love for nation, humanity They show their kindness, live with gratitude, respect, sense of doing goodthings Friendship is strongly developed, love between boys and girls begins florishing There are several negative expressions due to the diversed and complex effects of social life

to the ongoing formation of personality Not a small number of students often feel the complex with older generation, vaguely indifferent to the past, pragmatic oriented, imitate new things, follow medicore tatse, easily attracted to social evils and anti-social values

Generally, characteristics of this age are rich in physical strength, spirit and complex

in personality and behavior This also is the time when awareness and understanding of moral qualities is deeper than before

The qualities of Vietnamese people in the twenty first century

- Have humanistic nature, compassion in relationships with other people and the community

- Have rational and scientific mind, know how to use the rules to build up their lives

- Have citizen personality, be aware of their rights and obligations, be conscious of protecting the country, preserve and promote the traditional essence of their people in the process of integration with the humanity civilization

- Be skillful, be creative to make value, enriching themselves and to the society

- Have their own personality and identity, bravery, ambition, willpower, self-control, self-awareness, flexibility, rapid adaptation and being creative in the competing and changing environment

2.10 THE TASK OF MORAL EDUCATION FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

On moral grounds, we can concretize the task of moral education for high school students as follow:

 Make the students deeply understand Marxism-Leninism, the revolutionary ideology and morality of President Ho Chi Minh, objective axiom, human values, humanity of the worldview and its ideology And consider these as guide for their thoughts and actions

 On that basis, by approaching our revolutionary struggle under the leadership of Communist Party on the way to build and protect the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to strengthen the faith, create the reason and ideal for socialist - oriented life

 Be imbued with the policies and guidelines of Communist Party, live and work under the laws, live disciplinary and culturally inside school as well as in communities and public

 Profounder awareness of the principles, standards and values of morality, turn moral values to emotional awareness, will, behavior, habits, personal ethics, show them in lifestyle, in relationship between human and human, human and nature Do goods and avoid bad

Ideological and moral education is a key component of educational process, students’ personality training Morals is regarded as the foundation of personalities, the root of human Therefore, any school must focus on both talent and morality Literacy teaching must be

associated with moral teachings and vocational training, etc to train students to be comprehensive developed

Our beloved presindent HoChiMinh said: “Teaching and learning must focus on both talent and morals Morals is revolutionary morals It is a very important root If there is no revolutionary morals, talent is useless”

Awareness of moral role is educational process Decision of the 10th meeting of the Central committee of the Party meeting has stated: “Improving knowledge, fostering and promoting the tremendous resource of Vietnamese people are the decisive factor of the victory

of the ongoing industrialization – modernization of our country”

Decision has clearly pointed out that taking the promotion of human resource as the basic element of the rapid and sustainable development makes people become workers with new capabilities and qualities, meeting the great requirements of the socio-economic development, the industrialization-modernization of the country

In particular, the Education Law of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam has stated: Education and Training is considered as a top priorirty national policy, is the career of the government and all people The basic contents of the Education Law also represent these points of view on moral education for students:

- Education in Vietnam is the socialist education, contains of humanity, ethnology, science, modernization, takes Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh ideology as the foundation

- Principle: Practice makes perfect, education combines with productive labor, theory associates with practices, school education combines with family and social education

Content and method:

- Content: Ensure comprehensive basic, practical, modern and systematic Ideological education is valued as the foundation and becomes awareness of every citizens

- Method: Promote positiveness, self-awareness and active learners

- Responsibilities of the family: Create positive environment for comprehensive development of morals, intellectual, physical and aesthetic for their children

- Responsibility of society: Create learning movement and healthy educational environment, prevent activities that nagatively influence young adults, teenagers and children

Education Law has identified the appropriate education model for the circumtances and conditions of education in Vietnam, in order to integrate Vietnamese education with the world education Especially, the government’s views on moral education for students has comfirmed the importance of morals in educational process

The role of the school, the family and the society in moral education for students

Happy family is based on the fundamental principle of everyone loving, helping each other in houseworks and social works, being responsible in the family

* Social forces

They are the domestic administrations, socio-political organizations, economic organizations, mass organizations, functional organizations

In the education forces, the school play the key role in moral education because:

- The school carries out the personality education goals

- The school has the educational contents and methods which are selected and organized systematically

- The school has professionally educational theory

- Educational environment in the school is pedagogical in nature, has positive impacts

in moral educational process for students

However, if there is effective connection, coordination with the family and social forces, there will be silmutaneous impacts that creates high efficiencies to moral educational process for students

* To create the linkage in management

+ Enhancing the linkage of the school with the family and society for the sake of moral education for students is an expression of interaction in a dialectical way On the one hand, the school needs to specifically support parents in educating their children, to help them understand the contents and methods of moral education within family, to make them get the education policy and understand responsibilities and obligations as parents in raising children

On the other hand, as a subject of education, the typical family,can actively coordinates with school in organizing educational activities for children, understand their obligations, avoid leaving entrusting everything to the school or proposing educational requirements against the educational goals and tasks set by the school

+ Improving the relationships between the school and social forces to create a proper educational environment, throughout the whole society, at the same time to create a consistent and continuous process of education in space and time, directly fostering personality formation of younger generation, creating physical and mental conditions advantage for educational process in both school and family

+ Coordinating the family with social forces in a way that promotes oriented standards

in family, encouraging children to participate in social activities because society is a very good educational environment for children Besides, family also helps children aware and avoid social evils On the other hand, social forces are extremely crowded that create a big environment with strong impact on children’s daily life in a spontaneous or voluntary self-conscious way

2.11 THE MEANING OF THE LINKAGE OF THE SCHOOL WITH THE FAMILY AND SOCIETY FOR ENHANCING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MORAL EDUCATION FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN HANOI

* The linkage of the school, family and society creates combined effects to promote the rich potential of the whole society, to participate in the educational process of personality formation and development of students

Currently, under the impact of the modernised course of Communist Party, our country’s economy has rapidly grown Economic potentials is strengthened The economic components has also constant growth, accounted for a significant proportion of the production structure such as the private sector, joint ventures with foreign enterprises, etc Today’s labor skills have been raised Scientific and technical force in manufacturing facilities, management are gradually standardized and increased in skills Material, equipment and intellectual potential of society should be mobilized in the educational process of school

* The linkage between the school with the family and society is an important principle

to create the unified implementation of educational objectives, moral standards of students

Current practices show that the linkage between the school with the family and society often aims at mobilizing collective resources to overcome the difficulties of facilities (schools, clesses and purchases of teaching material, furniture repair, etc.) or support for activities of teachers, students, etc

In the process of implementing the educational objectives and contents, in case of misbehavior students, the linkage between the school with the family and society is also set out but needs to be regular, continuous and stemed from comprehensive educational objectives and contents

To achieve the objectives of moral education for students, the linkage between the school with the family and society has a very special meaning Because it is the environment directly influences on the personality formation and training of students in general and high school students in particular Under the combined impacts of the environment, the role of

educators is very important Therefore: “Educators must have visions, plans, strategies, understand the intended mobilized objects to be able to achieve the desires”

* Create a healthy teaching environment, limit negative impacts directly to the course

of student personality formation

In the current conditions, along with the positive factors, the negative factors from the market mechanism has affected the educational process of the school Many bad elements, have stepped into traditional morality, damaging the soul of younger generation They even implicate the children to sinful acts by every trick

The search for solutions to link the school, the family and society together is to create the collective and synchronized power in the whole society, to minimize negative impacts, prevent sins from evildoers With that, we can create positive impacts for the process of moral education for students

The orientation for students of good values, moral standards, limitation of negative influence is very essential This is not only the school’s responsibility but also for parents, everyone in and outside the education sector

2.11.1 The linkage between the school with the family in the moral education for high school students

* Objectives

Strengthening and deepening the linkage between the school and family with rich contents and various forms

* Contents

- Monitoring children’s study at school

- Discussing about the advantages and disadvantages of children at home

- Discussing about children’s behavior at school

- Discussing about the educational coordination between the family and the school

- Inform about work plan of the school

- Discussing about improving facilities

- Cultivating educational knowledge for parents

* Method

Develop appropriate mechanism for effective linkage of the school and the representatives of parents

* Type of organization

Regularly and closely contacting with students’ families, catching up with the changes

of mind, learning attitude of students at home to have solutions for educational coordination,

in collaboration with representatives of students’ parents Periodically meeting with students’ parents to fully inform learning process, training of the students, on that basis proposing appropriate solution for educational coordination

2.11.2 The linkage between the school with social forces in the moral education for high school students

*Objectives

Good linkage with society will contribute to a healthy society, limit the negative impacts directly to the formation of student’s personality

* Contents

- Securing and protect the local safety

- Organizing educational activities and trainings to educate moral to students

- Managing students activities in the community

- Build facilities for the school

- Informing the moral cultivation of students in local to schools

- Unifying requirements for creating a healthy educational environment: through the movement of cultural family, civilized lifestyle, etc

- Sponsoring from organizations in the society under any form: scholarships, competition awards, etc

- Participating in organizing moral educational activities for students ( through festivals, tours, tradition education, etc )

- Setting up education committees to get advices by conferences, setting regulations and rules for coordination

2.12 THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LIKAGE OF THE SCHOOL, FAMILY AND SOCIETY IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MORAL EDUCATION FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN HANOI

* The role of the school, family and society in moral education for students

In the development of human resource for the currently innovated Vietnam, the urgent need is to improve the quality of human resource, training and fostering talents, in order to create personality models appropriate with the new society They are well-educated workforce with multidisciplinary knowledge, in-depth knowledge and creative ability, have strength and necessary moral qualities such as kindness, empathy, interest in social benefits, harmonized with personal and family benefits To create people with those basic qualities, it requires the coordination, synchronization and support from educational environment of all the school, family and society This co-ordianation has to be a continuous and consistent process that impact strongly the overall personality development of children However, to carry out the coordination, cognitive level of teachers, family and other social organizations plays an important role When cognition is fully and correctly awared, reaching an allowed level, coordinating can achieve high efficiency in education in general and in moral education in particular On coordinating process, we should be aware of following issues:

+ In the process of forming and developing personality, especially from young age, what need to be cared about most is morals President Ho once said: “School teachers’ job and kindergarten teachers’ job are different but share the same goal of training good citizens, good cadre for the country, for socialism The first thing to teach children is morals Brothers, sisters and teachers should always good examples for the children to follow”

+ People are born and raised in the environments of family, school and society In each small environment, there is always educational process, nurturing people, in wich school education play a very special role Family gives children first lessons, regularly and continuously from birth to adulthood The community with children live in also carries out educational contents in their own form and fairly impacts on the moral education for students That is where result of family and school education shows and where children absorb moral values of society The three environments need to be unified as one We are advised that:

“Education in school is just a part, it needs education from society and family No matter how good the school education is, if it is lack of education from family and society, the result is not perfect and complete” (Excerpt from Uncle Ho’s conversation in the Conference of Communist Party in Education sector June/1957)

+ Develop mechanism and form of coordination between school, family and society This is a very important content in organizing the coordinating between the school with the family and society to educate moral to students To create close collaboration between family, school and society, the school needs to promote the key to direct family and social organizations about the contents and methods Because the school is a separate organization specialized education, under the leadership and direction of the Party and the government, understanding the views, guidelines, training objectives, so that the school can train them people which socialist standards On the other hand, the school always has a team of teachers, professional educators with skills, talents, moral, who have been trained systematically and carefully selected To strengthen the moral education for students, the school, on the one hand, needs to do well in teaching, educating all the teachers and staffs in school, on the other

hand, closely coordinate with youth organization, organizations inside school and guide the family and other social organizations to be involved in education for the youth

* Active role of the school

Article 45, Grade school regulations has written: “The school must actively collaborate regularly and closely with the family and society to create an unified educational environment in order to carry out the educational objectives and principles”

It must be affirmed that: School is the best educational environment, having most qualifications in implementing educational objectives School is where the most impressive events take place in each of our lives Anyone experiencing years in school, the memories of school, friends, teachers, will be definitely seen it as the best memories in their lifetime From that thought, we have paid very close attention to the construction of padagogies in the school

to be a collective model, each teacher is truly a good example, is the belief and moral standards for students Any time teachers should have educational impacts and persuasiveness

to students Every member of the school must always be aware of moral education for students by themselves

+ For school managers (especially the Principal): More than anyone else, the Principal, in addition to the required standards as reputation, professional capacity, management capacity, they need to have moral standards

* Social, economic and cultural conditions of local

- Economic factors of local and family has a deep and direct impact on organizing the coordinating between the school with the family and society in moral education for students,

as they provides the financial resources, facilities for students and the school

+ Local and family economies contribute to build the pedagogical landscape, not only in the sphere of family, school but also in society, play an important role and create favorable conditions for the coordinating between the school with the family and society in moral education for students Local economic foundations has created the conditions for constructions of schools and classes Eeconomic foundation of local and family facilitates

good economic foundation, parents can provide their children better learning conditions, spend more time on their child’s study and cultivation This leads to the natural coordinating between family and school in moral education for children

- If the local has healthy production, potential labor force, well-developed area, it is good environment for children while learning and after leaving school

- Cultural and social conditions of local also have a strong influence on the coordinating between the school with the family and society in moral education for students:

+ Social organizations, government forces and other local political organizations can create enthusiastic participation from different forces In order to develop the potential of social organizations, in the process of coordinating, educators and managers need to take advantage of combined strength from all resources Each organization has its own strenghts and can be actively involved if well organized

+ Stable social environment, healthy social relationship is favorable conditions for the coordinating between the school with the family and society It is the environment where students can indirectly absorb the moral values of society

+ Well-organized cultural and social functions in local can attract families and school to participate in a natural way, create favorable conditions for the coordinating Events like “Building cultural family”, “Maintaining public order and security”, “Protect the green-clean-beautiful environment”, “Preventing social evils”, “Big holiday anniversaries”, etc are best opportunities for moral education for students

+ In addition, the local traditional culture is the environment creating the natural linkage and coordination Local trandition the very first factor to mention: old traditions (family, genealogy, rituals, etc ), new traditions (charities on July 27th, silk shirt for grandma, celebrate major holidays, etc ), if these events are well organized, they can attract family and school coordination Another factor which cannot be bypassed is different types of cultural and spiritual activities such as: “Library, various types of club, sport movements with students

as main forces” are also favorable environment for the coordinating