Vấn đề hạn mức bảo hiểm tiền gửi ở việt nam hiện nay thực trạng và giải pháp

TRl/dNG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN ■ ■ BosoOcaca DANG THI• MINH NGUYET • * VAN DE HAN Mlfc BAO HIEM TIEN GUI VIET NAM HIEN NAY - THIJC TRANG VA GIAIPHAP CHUYEN NGANH: KINH TE BAO HIEM LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • Ngitdi hud ng dan khoa hoc- TS NGUYfiN THI HAI DUdNG THS HA MOI — 2014 L(')'I CAM DOAN Tac gia xin cam doan ban luan van la cong trinh nghien cnu khoa hoc, doc lap cua tac gia Cac so lieu, ket qua neu luan van la trung thuc va co nguon goc ro rang TAC GIA LUAN VAN DANG THI MINH NGUYET LOl CAM ON Tac gia xin bay to loi cam on chan den giao vien huong din khoa hoc TS Nguyen Thi Hai Duong da tan tinh huong dan va giup tac gia qua trinh nghien cuu, thuc hien luan van cua minh, giup tac gia trang bi them A < duoc nhieu kien thuc cung nhu phuong phap nghien cuu khoa hoc bo ich de hoan thien luan van cua minh Tac gia cung xin gui loi cam on chan den toan the dong nghiep, cac thay cd giao Hoi dong Khoa hoc Truong Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan, cac thay co Khoa Kinh te bao hiem va Vien Dao tao Sau Dai hoc Truong Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan da tao dieu kien cho tac gia hoan luan van TAC GIA LUAN VAN DANG THI MINH NGUYET • • • YEU CAU CUA HOI DONG CHAM LUAN VAN THAC SI VE • • • A Nhung diem can sua chua bo sung trudc nop luan van chinh thuc cho Vien dao tao SDH JCte .A- I &U vi% .fte/ CC - - %&■ ■■ ■ :■ Odo."' nUaH '!& O Jyua wdc - )^^ A^ 7rhic^ C^ & XhAt * Jm ad %d Jl&h mfcL & fe.T&r > — Jki Cteuo, .ffiai jAwf $£ ' J*# & Chu tich Hoi dong Cam ket cua Hoc vien7 • Hoc vien (Ky va ghi rd ho ten) Neu hoc vien co trach nhiem chinh sua theo yeu cau cua Hoi dong cham luan van Trong trudng hop khong chinh sua sS khong duoc cong nhan ket qua bao ve ' Hoc vien phai dong ban yeu ciu chinh sua vao dau luan van chinh thuc (trudc muc luc) nop cho vien DT SDH CONG HOA XA HOI NAM • • CHU NGHIA VIET • Doc lap - Ta - Hanh phuc NHAN XET LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • • De tai: H Van de han muc bao hiem tien gui Viet Nam hien Thye trang va giai phap” Chuyen nganh: Kinh te bao hiem Hoc vien: Dang Thi Minh Nguyet Phan bien PGS.TS Nguyen Van Dinh Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan Sau doc ban luan van, chung toi co nhan xet: Tinh cap thiet cua de tai nghien cuu: X e Bao hiem tien gui la mot lmh vuc dac thu va co vai tro het sue quan trong nen KTQD No truc tiep gop phan dam bao on dinh he thong tai x r x chinh quoc gia, cung nhu quyen loi cua ngubi gui tien cac to chuc tin dung nuoc ta, BHTG moi di vao hoat dong tu nam 2000 nen kinh nghiem trien khai han che ve nhieu mat, viec xac dinh han muc BHTG r r r chua thuc su theo sat thi trubng va cac nguyen tac BHTG quoc te Chinh vi vay, nhung bat cap xay la khong the tranh khoi Tu thuc trang nay, tac gia Dang Thi Minh Nguyet lua chon de tai "Van de han muc BHTG b Viet Nam Thuc trang va giai phap" de nghien cuu la phu hop De tai co y nghia ca ve mat ly luan va thuc tien Nhung ket qua dat duoc a Tac gia ca trirdi bay duoc dUucg han de co ban ve BHTG Da lam ro dac diem, muc dich, vai tro cua BHTG, cung nhu mo hinh BHTG nen kinh te Dac biet, da lam ro khai niem va phuong phap xac dinh han muc BHTG voi nhung noi dung het suc phong phu va theo mot trat tu nhat dinh t ' r Tu can cu, muc tieu, den cac tieu chi xay dung han muc; tu quy trinh thiet r f \ lap den phuong phap xac dinh cu the v.v Dong thdi, luan van ly giai va lam ro van de dieu chinh han muc BHTG, nguon cap von BHTG v.v b Thanh cong cua ban luan van the hien b muc 1.3 (trang 30) Tac gia da co cong suu tarn, nghien cuu nhung kinh nghiem ve xac dinh han z r r muc BHTG b mot so nunc tren the gidi nhu: Indonexia, Malaysia, Philipines, A My v.v de roi tu rut bai hoc kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam Day la cach V tiep can truyen thong, song lai rat can thiet doi vdi de tai nghien cuu c Sau gidi thieu ve BHTG Viet Nam, luan van da phan tich va lam ro thuc trang han muc BHTG b Viet Nam, hien vdi cac noi dung nhu: Co sb phap ly; cac yeu to anh hubng; quy trinh xay dung va phuong phap xac dinh Sau tac gia so sanvdi mot so quoc gia khu vuc Dong Nam A de roi tu r r r \ di den danh gia thuc trang van de Ket qua danh gia theo chung toi la r x •> t khach quan, chi tiet va kha cu the tung giai doan Nguon tai lieu su dung de phan tich, danh gia la cap nhat va bao dam tin cay Thong qua noi dung nay, luan van da giup ngudi doc hieu va thay dupc nhung ket qua dat duoc < / • cung nhu nhung han che, nguyen nhan han che xac dinh han muc BHTG b Viet Nam suot nhung nam vua qua d Trong chuong 3, luan van da trinh bay va dua giai phap hoan thien chinh sach han muc BHTG b Viet Nam r / Trong giai phap trinh bay (tu trang 71 den trang 77) chung toi rat tam dac vdi giai phap dau tien la: Chinh phu can dieu chinh han muc BHTG theo tung giai doan Ro rang day la giai phap rat can thiet hien nay, bbi le nen kinh te Viet Nam phat trien va hoi nhap het suc nhanh chong Ben canh do, viec dieu chinh kinh te vi mo da va dang dien ra, cac to chuc tin dung dang r r \ qua trinh tai co cau, van de lam phat kho ludng v.v Cung giai phap nay, tac gia da de xuat mot lo trinh dieu chinh han muc BHTG kha tao bao Tuy nhien, viec de xuat cua tac gia la co co sb thuc te r Bo cuc luan van: kha chat che, lo gic Van phong sang sua va co suc loi cuon ngudi doc r \ •> a Nhung van de can trao doi: a Muc Ml - Gidi thieu ve B HTG Viet Vant trinh bay qua dai d ong , bno a r r gom 15 trang (tu trang 38 den trang 53) China vi vay, tinh can doi giua cac chuong, muc bi han che Trong day khong phai la noi dung chinh b Cac giai phap a chuang trinh bay chung chung, chua thuc su thuyet phuc Chang han: Lo trinh dieu chinh qua cac giai doan (2014-2018); ~ A (giai doan sau nam 2019) chi neu len ma chua he lap luan, dien giai Chinh vi vay nguoi doc da bi hang hut c Cac kien nghi chuang trinh bay qua sa sai, tinh thuyet phuc kem d Nhin chung, day la mot ban luan van trinh bay cOn kha sa sai, tinh r r chat can doi chua thuc su dam bao Ket luan: Mac du mot so diem can trao doi, song day la mot de tai duoc • r j 11' ' -4-~ • j -4- 1'*' X nghien cuu doc lap, kha cong phu va da hoi tu du nhung yeu cau cua mot luan van thac sy kinh te Tac gia xUng dang duoc nhan hoc vi thac sy kinh te - chuyen nganh Kinh te bao hiem neu bao ve cOng Ha Noi, 05 thang 01 nam 2015 Nguoi viet nhan xet PGS.TS Nguyen Van Dinh CONG HOA XA HOI CHU NGHLA VIET NAM Doc Iap-Ty do-Hanh phuc Ha Noi., 03 thang nam 2015 NHAN XET PHAN BIEN • • LUAN VAN THAC SI • • Ten De tai: “Van de han muc bao hiem tien gui Viet Nam hien nay-thyc trang va giai phap” - Hoc vien cao hoc: Dang Thi Minh Nguyet - Ma hoc vien: CH210153 - Chuyen nganh: Kinh te bao hiem - Nguoi nhan xet: TS Tran Si Lam - Co quan cong tac: Dai hoc Ngoai thuong NOI DUNG Tinh cap thiet cua De tai He thong bao hiem tien gui (BHTG) o Viet Nam thoi gian qua da co nhieu cong dang ghi nhan, dam bao quyen loi cua nguoi gui tien cung gop phan quan on dinh he thong tai chinh-ngan hang Viet Nam Tuy nhien thuc te han muc BHTG o Viet Nam van ton tai nhieu han che bat cap, chung ta rat can nghien cuu sau ve van de de co nhung dieu chinh kip thoi, khac phuc han che ton tai Chinh vi vay de tai ma Hoc vien cao hoc Dang Thi Minh Nguyet lua chon nghien cuu co y nghia cap thiet doi voi viec hoan thien chinh sach BHTG o Viet Nam boi canh nganh tai chinh-ngan hang nudc ta cang hoi nhap sau sac hon Ve sy phu hop ve Chuyen nganh va sy trung lap cua De tai De tai hoan toan phu hop voi Chuyen nganh Kinh te bao hiem va khong trung lap voi cac De tai Luan van Thac si truoc day ma toi duoc biet Ve hinh thac va bo cuc cua Luan van Luan van dugc trinh bay sach dep, it loi che ban voi 11 Bang va 17 Hinh So lugng Bang va Hinh nhu vay la tuong doi phong phu lam cho cac phan tieh danh gia cua Luan van thuyet phuc hon Tuy nhien, Chuong la ly thuyet chung nen bo sung them trich nguon tai lieu tham khao ro rang hon Ket cau Chuong (12 trang) chua that can doi voi Chuong (36 trang) va Chuong (30 trang) Ve noi dung - z Chuffng 1: Nhung van de cff ban ve han muc bao hiem tien gui r a y Trong Chuong nay, Luan van da he thong hoa dugc cac ly thuyet co ban ve BHTG r r y va han muc BHTG Luan van da he thong hoa cac ly thuyet co ban ve phuong phap xac dinh han muc BHTG, ve dieu chinh han muc BHTG, nguon cap von cua BHTG Day la cac co so ly luan co ban ho trg Luan van giai quyet van de nghien cuu Luan van cung da trinh bay dugc kinh nghiem ve han muc BHTG' cua Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines va My Tuy nhien ben canh toi cung co mot so y kien trao doi voi Hoc vien nhu sau: (i) Nen co them phan noi dung ly thuyet ve cac yeu to anh huong toi han muc r r r BHTG Thuc te Chuong trang 54-60, Luan van co su dung den nhan to anh huong nhung lai chua trinh bay ro co so ly luan Chuong (ii) Neu co thc nen no s ung un&ng thong tin cap nhat gan gan hoi tvoi diem bao be Luan van (2015) Luan van se co tinh thei su nhieu hon Vi du: nhu kinh nghiem cua Indonesia moi nhat chi den 2008, Philippines den nam 2009 Tuy nhien toi cung rat chia se voi Hoc vien ve kho khan viec tiep can cac tai lieu va thong tin moi dang tin cay (iii) Neu co thn Luan van nen co noi dung trinh bay ve bat (Dap ve chinh sach r r r han muc BHTG va hau qua cua no doi voi he thong tai chinh-ngan hang cua quoc gia nghien cuu Khi noi dung 1.3 ve kinh nghiem quoc te se da chieu hon - Chuang 2: Danh gia thuc trang han muc bao hiem tien gui tai Bao hiem tien gui Viet Nam Trong Chuang Luan van da trinh bay cu the ro rang ve BHTG Viet Nam cung voi cac so lieu phan tich danh gia dang tin cay the hien su hieu biet sau sac cua Hoc vien ve BHTG Trong noi dung 2.2 Hoc vien da phan tich tot cac yeu to anh huong den han muc BHTG o Viet Nam, so sanh han muc BHTG tai Viet Nam voi mot so nuoc khu vuc Cuoi Chuang 2, Luan van da dua dugc mot so danh gia dang tin cay ve han muc BHTG cung nhu chi dugc mot so nguyen nhan chu quan va khach quan ve han che cua han muc BHTG o Viet Nam Toi danh gia cao ket qua nghien cuu Chuang cua Hoc vien Tuy nhien, toi cung co mot so y ki£n trao doi voi Hoc vien nhu sau: (i) Noi dung ve thuc trang BHTG tai Viet Nam, Hoc vien trinh bay dai (14 trang) so voi muc tieu, doi tugng nghien cuu chinh cua de tai 1a-han muc BHTG (ii) Chuang 1, Luan van da he thong hoa dugc nhieu noi dung ly thuyet ca ban ve han muc BHTG, nhien chua thay Luan van van dung tot ca so ly thuyet cho van de nghien cuu o Chuang Do chua tao dugc gan ket nhieu giua ly thuyet Chuang va phan tich thuc trang Chuang (iii) Cac nguyen nhan chu quan va khac quan cua han che nen trinh bay sau sac han giai phap Chuang se logic han z - Chuang 3: Giai phap va kien nghi hoan thien chinh sach ve han muc bao hiem tien gui tai BHTGVN Trong Chuang Luan van da luan giai dugc quan diem ve hoan thien chinh sach han muc BHTG o Viet Nam Luan van da de xuat dugc giai phap va kien nghi ve han muc BHTG o Viet Nam thai gian toi Toi danh gia cao cac giai phap va kien nghi cua Hoc vien Tuy nhien toi cung co mot so y kien trao doi nhu sau voi Tac gia: • (i) Nen co them noi dung trinh bay ve xu huong bien dong cua cac nhan to chinh anh huong den han muc BHTG Viet Nam giai doan toi (ii) Cac phuang an de xuat han muc BHTG nen giai thich ro rang han ca so de xuat dugc tinh toan tren nguyen ly nao? Vi du Han muc 200 trieu Bang 3.1 70 • Tai cau true bo may, Phat trien nguon nhan luc va nang cao nang luc quan ly; • Hien dai hoa hoat dong bao hiem tien gui dua tren nen tang cong nghe Xay dyng Cung co Co* s^* Ha tang Phap ly : Cung co J tang cu'dng : nang lyc tai chinh va dam bao tinh j minh bach he thong ; Phat trien da dang hoa, ndng cao chat luyng san pham dich vu va hoi nhap quoc te Tai cau truc Bo may, Phat trien nguon nhan lyc va nang cao nang lyc quan ly Hien dai hda hoat dong bao hiem tien gui dya trfin nen tang cong nghe thong tin Hinh 3.1: Cac tru cot phat trien ben vung cua BHTGVN Ngudn: BHTGVN 3.1.2 Quan diem hoan thien chinh sach han mice Tren the gidi hien nay, co mo hinh BHTG: (i) chuyen chi tra; (ii) chi tra vdi quyen han md rong; (iii) giam thieu rui ro Du la theo mo hinh nao thi Han muc bao hiem tien gui cung luon duqc su dung nhu mot cong cu huu hieu de thuc hien muc tieu chung nhat cua BHTG la bao ve ngudi gui tien va gop phan dam bao an toan cho hoat dong cua he thong ngan hang De thuc hien duqc muc tieu de ra, viec xay dung Han muc bao hiem tien gui can tuan thu cac yeu cau va nguyen tac co ban: (i) du cao de tri niem tin ngudi gui tien vao he thong ; (ii) du thap de khong xay rui ro dao duc d nhung ngudi gui tien quy mo ldn Tai Viet Nam, hien khoang 60-65% tong luqng tien gui tai cac ngan hang thuong mai va to chuc tin dung la cua ngudi dan Day la khoan tien tiet kiem, danh dum cua ngudi dan de de phong bat trac xa hoi Vi the viec bao ve ngudi gui tien la mot van de mang tinh chat xa hoi Tuy nhien, vi mot vai ly do, BHTG den van la lam doi vdi mot bo phan cong chung Mot nhung 71 nguyen nhan chinh la Han muc bao hiem tien gui thap, neu xay vo muc boi thuong toi da cung chi 50 trieu dong thoi diem dua han muc 50 trieu, han muc dap ung duoc cac tieu chi dinh luong theo thong le quOc te (bao ve duoc hon 90% nguoi gui tien, ty le han muc/GDP binh quan dau nguoi khoang 2­ lan) Tuy nhien, giai doan hien nay, chi can mot ngan hang thuong mai co trung binh (quy mo tong tai san 15.000 ty dong) bi pha san thi kha nang thiet hai cua nguoi gui tien la rat ldn Nhu vay, ro rang quy dinh ve han muc 50 trieu hien khong hop ly, nhat la boi canh thi truong tai chinh vua trai qua khung hoang tai chinh toan cau, co nhieu bien dong nhu hien nay, nhieu quoc gia co xu huong nang han muc hoac chi tra khong gidi han Dien hinh nhu My, han muc tang tu 100.000 USD len 250.000 USD, tai Chau Au 25/27 quoc gia cung tang han muc chi tra, tai Chau A, Hong Kong, Dai Loan chuyen sang chi tra khong gidi han, giai doan cuoc khung hoang dien Nhu vay co the thay, chinh sach han muc tai cac he thong bao hiem tien tien tren the gidi deu rat linh hoat vdi dien bien tinh hinh kinh te Trong do, giai doan khung hoang tai chinh toan cau vua qua, Viet Nam la mot so it cac quoc gia khong tang Han muc bao hiem tien gui Theo cac chuyen gia, dieu kien thi truong tai chinh nudc va quoc te co nhieu bat on, thi vai tro “giu niem tin” cua BHTG doi vdi khach hang cang tro nen quan Do do, Han muc bao hiem tien gui nhu hien can duoc danh gia lai cho phu hop, ma thu nhap binh quan dau nguoi cang cao cung vdi toc lam phat va gia tri cac khoan tien gui cua nguoi dan cung tang theo muc song, can tao long tin cho nguoi dan doi vdi khoan tien gui cua ho va khong co phan ung tieu cue len thi truong He thdng BHTG Viet Nam sau mot thoi gian dai van hanh cung vdi viec tich luy kinh nghiem tu cac quoc gia co he thong bao hiem tien gui tien tien can vach mot lo trinh xay dung chinh sach Han muc bao hiem tien gui phu hop vdi dac thu cua ndn kinh t£ nudc ta: tang Han muc bao hi£m tien gui giai doan hien nay, tri chinh sach bao hi£m toan phin xay khung hoang va giai 72 doan phuc hoi sau khung hoang thi dieu chinh dan han muc giam dan theo mot lo trinh chi tiet Hien tai, hoat dong BHTG tai Viet Nam da co mot co so phap ly vung chac la Luat BHTG co hieu luc 1/1/2013 Day duoc danh gia la mot buoc khoi dau thuan loi cho hoat dong BHTG giai doan hien 3.2 Giai phap hoan thien chinh sach han mux bao hiem tien gui tai Viet Nam 3.2.1 Hoan thien khung phap ly ve BHTG, dac biet la cac quy dinh ve chinh sach han muc BHTG Ddi voi mot he thong BHTG, viec co mot khung phap ly hoan chinh la mot loi the to lon, giup to chuc BHTG co the van hanh tron chu, linh hoat Kinh nghiem tu cac qudc gia co he thong BHTG phat trien tren the gioi nhu My, Nhat, Han Quoc, cho thay, hau het cac qudc gia deu xay dung Luat BHTG va coi day la co so phap ly vung chac truoc lap mot to chuc BHTG doc lap Song song voi viec xay dung Luat, cac van ban huong dan thuc hien cung duoc ban hanh kem theo nhanh chong va chi tiet Qua moi giai doan dac thu, cac co quan co trach nhiem ban hanh chinh sach deu nhanh chong co nhung dieu chinh ve mat phap ly de nham hoan thien hon khung phap ly ve BHTG Tai Viet Nam, mac du BHTG chinh thuc di vao hoat dong tu nam 2000, nhien den nam 2012 Luat BHTG moi duoc thong qua va co hieu luc ke tu 1/1/2013 Nhu vay, sau gan 12 nam, Viet Nam moi co co so phap ly vung chac cho hoat dong BHTG Theo Luat BHTG, Ngan hang nha nuoc chiu trach nhiem truoc Chinh phu thuc hien quan ly nha nuoc ddi voi hoat dong bao hiem tien gui Do do, Ngan hang nha nuoc can mau chong xay dung cac van ban huong dan Luat (Nghi dinh, Thong tu, Quyet dinh, ) ve van de lien quan den hoat dong BHTG de trinh Thu tuong Chinh phu phe duyet Luat BHTG quy dinh Han muc BHTG duoc Thu tuong Chinh phu quy dinh theo de xuat cua Ngan hang nha nuoc qua tung thoi ky Quy dinh kha chung chung, vi vay mot nhung bien phap dau tien can duoc dua chinh la 73 nhanh chong xay dung nhung quy dinh cu the chi tidt vd chinh sach han muc BHTG nhu: - Quy dinh truang hop can dieu chinh han muc: (1) Khi xay hien tuqng ngudi gui tidn rut luqng ldn tidn khdi he thdng ngan hang (hien tuqng rut tien hang loat) (2) Ty le lam phat cao keo dai mot so nam (3) Dong noi te bi mat gia thdi gian dai, ty le mat gia cao f r \ \ (4) Sd luqng ngudi gui tien duqc bao hiem toan bo (cd sd du tien gui nam r ' han muc chi tra) xuong thdp hon muc 80% (5) Xay khung hoang tai chinh - Tham quyen dieu chinh han muc cua cac ca quan cd lien quan', - Nguon quy chi tra va ca che tiep can nguon von dac biet xay truang hap khan cap - Dong thai cung xay dung cac van ban lien quan den viec trao doi thong tin giua Ngan hang Nha nuac, Bao hiem tien gui Viet Nam va cac to chuc tham gia bao hiem Khi xay dung cac quy dinh, Ngan hang Nha nudc ngoai viec tham khao cac van ban quy dinh cua cac quoc gia co he thong BHTG phat trien hieu qua tren the hien de nhanh chong dua quy dinh phap luat vira dap ung duqc thuc tien lai cd tinh linh hoat cao De xay dung duqc nhung quy dinh lien quan den han muc phu hqp vdi thdng le quoc te cung nhu tinh hinh kinh te, chinh tri d Viet Nam, Ngan hang Nha nudc - co quan de xuat can tham khao y kien dong gop cua cac td chuc lien quan, dac biet la Bao hiem tien gui - co quan true tiep thuc thi nhung quy dinh trudc trinh Thu tudng chinh phu phe duyet 3.2.2 Nang cao nang luc cua doi ngu can bo lam chinh sach Trong bat ky bo may nao thi ngudi luon la mot yeu td quan Vi vay de xay dung duqc nhung van ban quy dinh mang tinh dac thu nhu van ban hudng dan 74 giup hoan chinh sach han mure BHTG thi co quan xay dung va ban hanh chinh sach rat can nang cao trinh nguon nhan luc bang each: - Xay dung quy trinh tuyen chon mot each khoa hoc va hop ly dd dam bao lua chon duoc nhung nhan vien cd trinh phu hop vdi cong viec - Nang cao chat luong doi ngu lam chinh sach bang cac khoa dao tao nghiep vu, dac biet la cac khoa dao tao cd lien ket vdi BHTGVN de cd giup doi ngu lam chinh sach cd cai nhin sau sac va toan dien hon ve hoat dong BHTG noi chung va chinh sach han muc noi rieng - Thuc hien dao tao, boi duong thuong xuyen cho dpi ngu can bo cd dong gop tich cue nham nang cao nang luc quan ly, chuyen mon, nghiep vu - Cd che luong bong va dai ngo hop ly: Viec tuyen dung va dao tao dupe mot doi ngu cd trinh do, cd nang luc pham chat tot, cd tinh than lao dong nhiet tinh la mot viec kho Song van de tri va su dung dpi ngu nhu the nao cung la mot van de phuc tap khdng kem Vi vay can cd mot che luong bong, dai ngo hop ly de thu hut nguoi tai tirng giai doan Mot qudc gia du xay dung he thdng BHTG theo md hinh chi tra hay md hinh Cong cu cd the dupe su dung de ho tro cac co quan quan ly, giam sat nd luc dam bao on dinh hoat dong ngan hang va tri ky luat thi truong Tai Viet Nam, nhung nam gan day, viec tu hoa va qudc te hoa khu vuc tai chinh noi chung va viec he thdng ngan hang md cua, hoi nhap, phat trien nhanh mot each qua nhanh chong dan den su phat trien thieu can bang, dong thoi he thdng ngan hang suy yeu chiu anh huong tir cuoc khung hoang tai chinh toan cau vua qua Tuy rang co quan quan ly nha nudc da cong budc dau viec tri long tin cua thi truong noi chung va ngudi gui tien noi rieng vao he thdng ngan hang thdng qua cam ket tai cau true ngan hang mot each em tham, khdng de xay vd ngan hang Du vay, dai han, van can cac bien phap cu the hon de tri ky luat thi truong, nang cao niem tin cong chung vao he thdng ngan hang, tir ho tro muc tieu cua 75 nha nudc viec tri on dinh tai chinh Mot cac bien phap la nhanh chong xay dung mot lo trinh dieu chinh Han muc bao hiem tien gui theo cac giai doan Diem thuan loi hien la Luat BHTG kha linh hoat viec khong quy dinh so tuyet doi vai Han muc bao hiem tien gui, dieu se giup viec xay dung lo trinh dieu chinh han muc duoc de dang hon Dua vao hudng dan cua Hiep hoi bao hiem tien gui quoc te IADI ve tieu chi dinh luong xac dinh han muc BHTG: < Han muc/GDP binh quan dau nguai < Nhu vay cong thuc xac dinh han muc se la: Han muc = GDP binh quan dau nguai * ty le han muc/GDP binh quan dau ngudi Tu cong thuc ta co the tinh toan xac dinh cac muc han muc cho phu hop Tuy nhien dua cac muc han muc duoc tinh theo cong thuc tren cung can phai xem xet xem muc han muc co dap ung cac tieu chi khac theo hudng dan cua thong le quoc te hay khong De xuat lo trinh dieu chinh han muc: - Trong giai doan hien nay, dua tren tinh toan, de xuat nang han muc len *A A 200 trieu dong (tuong duong khoang 9.500 USD ) Han muc mdi se tuong duong vdi 4,8 lan GDP binh quan dau ngudi Vdi han muc 200 trieu dong, co khoang 96,3% so ngudi gui tien va 34% so r \ •> a y tien gui duoc bao hiem toan bo Dieu phu hop vdi khuyen nghi cua IADI ve viec xac dinh han muc can bao ve toan bo duoc tren 90% ngudi gui tien va tren 30% so du tien gui a r Bang 3.1: So sanh cac lua chon han muc de xuat Han muc (trieu VND) Han muc/GDP binh quan 2013 %r so ngudi gui tien duoc bao hiem toan bo/tong so ngudi gui tien % so tien gui duoc bao hiem toan bo/ tong so tien gui /A /A A • • a • /V 7 50 1,21 100 2,43 150 3,6 200 4,8 87% 92% 94% 96,3% 10% 19% 27% 34,24% Nguon: BHTGVN Ty gia tam tinh a muc 21.000 VND = USD GDP binh quan dAu nguoi ndm 2013 1960 USD 76 - De xuat tang Han mure bao hiem tien guri len den ty dong co hien tuong rut tien hang loat nghiem r r > - Doi vdi giai doan khung hoang tai chinh va/ hoac xay cac dieu kien bat thudng khac (khi ty le lam phat cao, dong noi te bi mat gia mot khoang thdi gian dai, luong ngudi gui tien duoc bao hiem toan bo giam xuong muc dudi r •> a r Ar 90% va so du tien gui duoc bao hiem toan bo giam xuong dudi 30% ), de xuat dieu chinh han muc ap dung dam bao toan bo (blanket coverage) Song song vdi do, can xay dung ke hoach rut lui trd ve giai doan binh thudng (exit plan) neu ro khung thdi gian de chuyen tiep ve giai doan binh thudng co tinh tdi cac yeu to nhu: tac dong co the co vdi niem tin cong chung, kha nang dat duoc muc tieu chinh sach cong va han muc mdi hop ly sau khung hoang Ve thu tuc, Thu tudng Chinh phu quyet dinh dieu chinh Han muc bao hiem tien gui tren co sd de nghi cua Ngan hang Nha nudc r r •> Khuyen nghi Id trinh dp dung theo Khung chien lucrephat trien BHTGVN A •> > Giai doan tic 2015 - 2020: Nghien cuu tang Han muc bao hiem tien giri len A A A 200 trieu dong nham bao ve hem 90% nguai gui tien tren ca sd bo tieu chi cua IADI A > Giai doan sau nam 2020: Rd soat thudng xuyen Han muc bao hiem tien gui de co dieu chinh kip thdi dap ung tinh hinh thuc te 3.2.4 Tao dieu kien nang cao nang luc tdi chinh va cor che cho phep BHTGVN r y r ~ r ? tiep can nguon ho tror dac biet khixay tinh hudng khan cap Ben canh viec xay dung han muc phu hop thi cac giai phap ve tang quy mo quy va cor che tiep can nguon ho tro dac biet xay su co cung la mot nhung cau phan quan cua chinh sach Han muc bao hiem tien gui Do do, vdi vai tro la co quan chiu trach nhiem quan ly nha nudc ve bao hiem tien gui cung a r nhu co quan xay dung chinh sach thi Ngan hang Nha nudc can cd su phoi hop vdi Bo Tai chinh, Bo Ke hoach & Dau tu de tao dieu kien cho BHTGVN: (a) Nang cao nang luc tdi chinh: yr r y r y - De xuat vdi Chinh phu cap bo sung nguon von dieu le cho BHTGVN theo Quyet dinh da duoc phe duyet Theo co che tai chinh cua BHTGVN ban hanh kern 77 theo Quyet dinh so 13/2008/QD-TTg cua Thu tuong Chinh phu, phuang an tang von dieu le cho BHTGVN len 5.000 ty VND da duoc phe duyet Tuy nhien, viec giai ngan so von da duoc duyet tren phu thuoc vao kha nang ngan sach tung giai doan cu the Vi vay, vdi tu each la co quan chiu trach nhiem quan ly nha nudc ve BHTG, Ngan hang nha nudc can lua chon thoi diem phu hop de xuat Chinh phu cap du luong von dieu le da duoc phe duyet cho BHTGVN Theo kinh nghiem r r r r •> •> r quoc te, thdng thuong, viec cap von, bo sung von cho to chuc BHTG thuong duoc thuc hien giai doan kinh te phat trien on dinh - Nghien cuu tdng phi BHTG, dp dung he thdng phi dieu chinh theo muc rui ro: Tang phi BHTG bang each ap dung he thdng phi theo rui ro la bien phap thuong duoc tinh tdi nham day nhanh toe tich luy quy BHTG Tuy nhien, viec tang phi vdi toe ldn se tac dong den hoat dong cua he thdng ngan hang phi BHTG duoc hach toan vao chi phi hoat dong cua ngan hang Chenh lech giua muc phi thap nhat va muc phi cao nhat can phai du ldn de khuyen khich cac td chuc vien chu dong nang cao hieu qua quan tri rui ro de duoc hudng muc phi thap hon Kinh nghiem cua mot sd nudc khu vuc nhu Dai Loan, Malaysia cho thay chenh lech giua muc thap nhat va cao nhat la den lan Viec ap dung he thdng phi theo rui ro cd uu diem la dam bao cong bang giua cac td chuc tham gia BHTG theo nguyen tac rui ro cao, nop phi cao nhung cd r r r nhuqc diem td chuc tin dung yeu kern nhat se phai nop phi cao nhat Dieu tao rui ro neu muc phi qua cao vuot qua sue chiu dung cua ngan hang De giai quyet van de tren, qua trinh de xuat tang phi, Ngan hang Nha nudc can phoi hop vdi BHTGVN dua cac tinh toan kiem tra sue chiu dung > \ r (stress test) nham luong hod tac dong cua viec dieu chinh phi BHTG doi vdi lai r •> nhuan cua he thdng ngan hang, dam bao viec thay doi phi BHTG khdng tac dong r r nghiem den he thdng ngan hang (b) Hoan thien co che tiep can nguon ho tro dac biet cho BHTGVN Trong Nghi dinh 68/2013/ND-CP da cd de cap ve viec “tiep nhan ho tra theo nguyen tac cd hoan tra tu ngan sach nha nudc theo quyet dinh cua Thu tudng 78 Chinh phu hoac duac vay cua to chuc tin dung, to chuc khac co bao lanh cua Chinh phu ”, nhien can co huong dan cu the hon ve van de nhu dua co che han muc tin dung du phong Viec xay dung co che han muc tin dung du phong va duoc cu the hoa Luat cung nhu cac van ban duoi luat, duoc cong bo cong khai se giup cai thien niem tin cua nguoi gui tien ve nang luc tai chinh cua to chuc BHTG, tu giup ngan ngua hieu ung tam ly lo so cua nguoi gui tien De xuat dieu kien ap dung nhu sau: - Khi to chuc BHTG can mot luong von khan cap vuot qua nang luc tai chinh hien tai, phan von vay tu han muc tin dung du phong se duoc tra thOng qua cac khoan vay cua to chuc BHTG va bu dap tu nguon thu phi tuong lai MO hinh chung, hoat dong cua to chuc BHTG se khong tac dong nhieu, tham chi khong tac dong den chinh sach ma van tuan thu theo dung nguyen tac thi truong Trong truong hop nguon von quy khong du de xu ly ngan hang vo, BHTGVN co the vay tu TCTD, vay tu NHNN, vay tu ngan sach va hoan tra nien han tai chinh ma khong can phai cho su bao lanh cua Chinh phu Nhom bien phap co the ap dung cac truong hop sau: - Khi to chuc BHTG (can cu vao so lieu danh gia muc du von cua quy nhu da de cap d tren va du bao se co tham hut quy BHTG thoi gian toi) de chu dong bo sung nguon von; - Khi quy BHTG da co tham hut, can co nguon de dam bao tiep tuc hoat dong va tiep nhan cac khoan vay dac biet tu Chinh phu thong qua Bo tai chinh Ngoai ra, can co quy dinh ve viec to chuc BHTG co tham quyen phat hanh •> r trai phieu Chinh phu bao lanh, vay nuoc ngoai de hoan tra cac khoan vay tu ngan sach va phuc vu cho hoat dong xu ly, chi tra cua to chuc BHTG, gop phan tri niem tin va on dinh he thong ngan hang Theo do, can co quy dinh ro vai tro, trach nhiem cua co quan co tham quyen nham dam bao viec phat hanh trai phieu Chinh phu bao lanh duoc thuc hien hieu qua, dung yeu cau va thoi han de X A X A 3.2.5 Dam bao sw day du chinh xac thong tin ve tien gin va ngu'di gun tien Cac thong tin ve tien gui va nguoi gui tien la co sd de tinh toan Han muc 79 bao hiem tien gui, do nhung du lieu can phai duoc cung cap het sue chinh xac, day du va kip thoi Dieu se giup cac co quan co tham quyen xay dung, dieu chinh han muc cho hop ly, phu hop voi tinh hinh thuc te > Bao hiem tien gui Viet Nam can duoc cung cap thong tin ve nguoi gui tien va r y A ? so tien gui mot cach chinh xac, day du theo dinh ky tu phia cac to chuc tham gia BHTG > Can quy dinh cu the hon ve co che chia se thong tin giua Ngan hang Nha nuoc, Uy ban giam sat va BHTGVN 3.3 Kien nghi 3.3.1 Vffi Qudc hili, Chinh phu Vii Qudc hoi Hoat dong BHTG noi chung va Han muc bao hiem tien gui noi rieng la mot van de rat nhay cam, dac biet la doi voi nhung quoc gia co he thong BHTG hoat dong khong vi muc tieu loi nhuan Xin kien nghi Quoc hoi nen xay dung dia vi phap ly cho Han muc bao hiem tien gui phu hop nhu theo thong le cua cac nuoc co he thong BHTG hoat dong hieu qua, nham tao vi the cho hoat dong BHTG o Viet Nam hoi nhap kinh te quoc te Trong do: - Tung buoc dua hoat dong BHTG thuoc su dieu chinh cua Chinh phu nhu hien sang Quoc hoi nhu mo hinh da thuc hien cong cua mot so nuoc tren the gioi (Hoa Ky, Canada, Dai Loan, Malaysia; ); - Tung buoc hoan thien Luat bao hiem tien gui theo huong ap dung cac chuan r r r r y muc quoc te va thong le qudc te cho hoat dong bao hiem tien gui tai Viet Nam - ve lau dai bo sung them chuc nang quan ly nha nuoc cho BHTG Viet Nam tu mo hinh to chuc tai chinh Nha nuoc co quan BHTG co chuc nang quan ly Nha nuoc linh vuc BHTG; Vi'i Chinh phu - Som ban hanh cac van ban huong dan duoi Luat (Nghi dinh, Thong tu, Quyet dinh, ve cac van de lien quan den hoat dong BHTG) theo quy dinh cua Luat BHTG; 80 - Bo sung, chinh sura nhung vudng mac hoat dong BHTG noi chung va xay dung han muc bao hiem noi rieng nhu: r x x > Quy dinh cu the lien quan den truang hqp can dieu chinh han muc; > Tham quyen dieu chinh han muc cua cac ca quan co lien quan; > nguon quy chi tra BHTG viec tung budc thuc hien tot muc tieu bao ve nguai gui tien va gop r x phan dam bao an toan he thong ngan hang 3.3.2 Vdi Bao hiem tien gin Viet Nam (a) Tang cirdmg hoat dong tuyen truyen ve chinh sach han mure bao hiem X tien gm "> X De chinh sach BHTG noi chung va chinh sach han muc bao hiem tien gui noi rieng dat duqc hieu qua tot nhat thi can thiet phai tang cudng cac hoat dong ve tai chinh-ngan hang-BHTG han muc khung hoang dien ra; cong bo thong tin co TCTD xay va r r r •> (thai diem cong bo, ca quan cong bd); moi quan he giua to chuc BHTG vdi cac co quan lien quan viec nang cao nhan thuc va edng bo thdng tin - BHTGVN nen sdm dua ke hoach xay dung mot chuang trinh nang cao nhan thuc cong chung vdi gia dinh (mo phong) xay va tai mot TCTD va nhung phuong an xu ly tinh hudng gia dinh cd su phoi hqp vdi cac ca quan lien quan Nhu vay se giup BHTGVN chu dong han neu tinh hudng xay Trong chuang trinh do, Phong Thdng tin tuyen truyen se phoi hqp vdi chi nhanh BHTG • • r ' ’ tai noi ngan hang gap su cd va NHNN, chinh quyen dia phuong tren dia ban de thuc hien cong viec thdng tin tdi ngudi gui tien rang tien gui cua ho hoan toan an X X toan bang nhieu hinh thuc, phuong thuc: + Dang bao, website va ngoai he thdng BHTG thdng cao bao chi ve tinh hinh hoat dong cua ngan hang dang gap su cd; 81 + Hop bao (vdi su tham gia cua lanh dao to chuc BHTG, NHNN v.v); e r r r + Thiet lap Trung tam tu van khach hang, dudng day nong giai dap thac r a mac cua ngudi gui tien; + Tap huan cho can bo BHTG ve each thuc tra ldi ngudi gui tien de ho yen tam, khong rut tien gui trudc thdi han - BHTGVN can thuc hien cac cuoc khao sat muc hieu biet cua ngudi dan ve BHTG dinh ki hoac sau moi chuong trinh nang cao nhan thuc cong chung de nam duoc muc hieu biet cua ngudi dan ve BHTG, qua de cac muc dich cu the cho moi chuong trinh tuyen truyen sau (b) Tang quy mo quy BHTG Nang luc tai chinh cua BHTGVN hien chua tuong xung vdi quy mo va toe r a •> •> a _ r tang trudng cua so du tien gui tai cac to chuc tham gia bao hiem tien gui Tinh den nam 2013, tong luong von la 15.674 ty dong Neu xac dinh muc von hoat dong can cd cua BHTG VN theo Ty le von muc tieu (Ty le von boat ddng/Tdng so die tien giei dieffc bao hiem) la 5%, ty le duoc cac qudc gia co trinh phat trien tuong duong Viet Nam ap dung, va vdi so du tien gui duoc bao hiem tinh den 31/12/2013 la 2.026.000 ty vnd thi BHTGVN can mot so vdn la 101.300 ty vnd (thieu 85.626 ty vnd so vdi nhu cau thuc te) Nhu vay, BHTGVN can phai xay dung mot lo trinh xay dung quy muc tieu theo cac tieu chi cua thong le qudc te va tinh hinh thuc te cua Viet Nam Xay dung quy muc tieu: Can co quy dinh ve quy muc tieu va tham quyen cua to chuc BHTG viec tri hoac khoi phuc quy muc tieu trudng hop thieu hut nham dam bao kha nang hoat dong on dinh cua Quy BHTG De nghi quy dinh rd ty le quy muc tieu la bao nhieu va dua lo trinh de dat duoc quy muc tieu d muc quy dinh De xuat ty le quy muc tieu la 3% tong sd du tien gui duoc bao hiem vdng nam ke tu ban hanh quy dinh lien quan den xac dinh ty le quy muc tieu Ve quy trinh xac dinh quy muc tieu, viec dau tien can xac dinh ton that co the doi vdi quy BHTG Tren co sd du lieu dau vao, to chuc BHTG cho the lua chon cac mo hinh de xac dinh xac xuat vo va tdn that co the co ddi vdi quy BHTG Dong thdi thuc hien du bao thu nhap cua Quy BHTG dua tren cac nguon bu dap chi phi BHTG, 82 dAu tu tai chinh va thu hoi, ly sau chi tra Tren co so du bao ton that du kien tuong lai va du bao thu nhap tuong lai, thuc hien uoc luong nguon von tai chinh can cho quy BHTG Ve tham quyen thay doi ty le quy muc tieu, de nghi Uy ban thuong vu Quoc hoi quyet dinh tren co so de xuat cua Chinh phu Bang 3.2 De xuat ty le quy muc tieu 3% 1% 2% Ty le quy muc tieu de xuat 4% 5% Tong sd vdn quy can co rp AT rA A •A Tong sd ven quy hien co r 40.520 60.780 81.040 101.300 15.674 15.674 15.674 15.674 15.674 4.586 24.846 45.106 65.366 85.626 r tinh den 31/12/2013 Tong so von thieu hut > 20.260 r Ngudn vdn hinh quy muc tieu Nguon von hinh quy muc tieu se bao gom nguon thu tu thu phi BHTG va hoat dong dau tu vdn tam thoi nhan roi can tinh den viec tang, giam phi dua tren nhung tinh toan, du bao chinh xac va ket qua kiem tra suc chiu dung cua ngan hang To chuc BHTG vay phai duoc trao tham quyen hoac duoc phep phdi hop voi cac co quan co tham quyen va dieu can duoc cu the hoa quy dinh phap luat \ r > - Trong truong hop nguon vdn cho quy muc tieu chua dat duoc theo yeu cau, can nghien cuu tang phi BHTG va tang vdn cho to chuc BHTG tu cac nguon khac - Trong truong hop nguon vdn cho quy muc tieu vuot qua ty le 3%, to chuc BHTG co the hoan tra phan vdn dieu le da duoc nha nuoc cap va hoac nghien cuu giam hoac mien phi bao hiem cho cac td chuc tham gia BHTG •7 "7 \ 3.3.3 Voi cac td chicc tham gia bao hiem tien giii Cac to chuc tham gia bao hiem tien gui: cung cap nhanh chong, chinh xac va day du thong tin ve nguoi gui tien va sd tien gui tai cac to chuc Cac thong tin se la co so de cac co quan co tham quyen xay dung, dieu chinh han muc cho phu hop 83 KET LUA N Viec nghien cuu de tai “Van de Han muc bao hiem tien giri d Viet Nam hien - Thuc trang va giai phap”nham he thong hoa ve mat ly luan doi voi viec dua phuong phap xay dung Han muc bao hiem tien gui Tren co sd do, nghien cuu va di sau phan tich ve thuc trang chinh sach Han muc bao hiem tien gui tai BHTGVN, qua danh gia mot cach khach quan ve nhung ket qua dat duoc, ton tai chinh sach Han muc bao hiem tien gui tai BHTGVN thdi gian qua Tu dua nhung giai phap va kien nghi tren co sd cac nghien cuu phuong r r x phap khoa hoc da co voi kinh nghiem quoc te va dac thu cua Viet Nam nham xay dung chinh sach Han muc bao hiem tien gui co hieu qua d Viet Nam qua r r r x f trinh hoi nhap quoc te Tuy nhien, day la mot van de quan trong, lien quan den nhieu cap, nhieu nganh va nhieu van de can duoc tiep tuc phoi hop nghien cuu de giai quyet Tren cd sd van dung tong hop va lua chon cac nghien cuu da co va cac phuong phap khoa hoc ket hop voi kinh nghiem quoc te va dac thu cua Viet Nam viec xay dung Han muc bao hiem tien gui, pham vi han hep cua mot luan van thac sy, hoc vien da hoan duoc cac nhiem vu sau: - He thong hoa ve mat ly luan ve chinh sach Han muc bao hiem tien gui - Phan tich, danh gia ve thuc trang chinh sach Han muc bao hiem tien gui tai BHTGVN, qua danh gia mot cach khach quan ve nhung ket qua dat duoc, tOn tai chinh sach Han muc bao hiem tien gui d Viet Nam thdi gian qua - Dua tren dinh huong hoat dong cua BHTGVN thdi gian toi, de xuat r x • cac giai phap va kien nghi nham hoan thien chinh sach Han muc bao hiem tien gui tai Viet Nam TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Tieng Viet Bao hiem tien gui Viet Nam (2009 - 2013), Bao cao Tong ket hoat dong nam Bao hiem tien gui Viet Nam (2009 - 2013), Bao cao tom tat ve Han muc bao hiem tien gui Bao hiem tien gui Viet Nam (2012), Bao cao de xuat tang han muc bao hiem tien gui Bao hiem tien gui Viet Nam (2011), Bao cao ket qua khao sat IADI (2013), Huong dan cap nhat ve Han muc bao hiem tien gui IADI, Bo Nguyen tac co ban phat trien he thong bao hiem tien gui hieu qua Nguyen Thi Loan (2013), can dieu chinh han muc bao hiem tien gui 50 trieu, website Bao hiem tien gui Viet Nam Le Viet Nga, (2013), Ban ve loai tien gui duoc bao hiem va han muc chi tra bao hiem, website Bao hiem tien gui Viet Nam Samuel - H Taley va Ignacio Mas (1990), Bao hiem tien gui tai cac nuoc dang phat trien Tieng Anh 11 David K.walker, Deposit Insurance in East Asia: Before and after The Asian financial crisis 12 IADI (2008 - 2013), Khao sat thuong nien Website 13 www.iadi.org 14 www.fdic.gov 15 www.pidm.gov 16 www.pdic.gov 17 www.div.gov.vn