Nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh của hàng thuỷ sản việt nam trên thị trường mỹ

695 LV-TijS DHKTQD lV, i* El>2 HUNG II r , hi DAI HO C KINH TE QUOC DAN ■ ■ KHOA KINH TE VA KINH DOANH QUOC TE PHAM HONG NANG CAO NANG LUG CANH TRANH ■ ■ CUA HANG THUY SAN VIET NAM ■ TREN THI TRUONG MY ■ LUAN VAN THAC SY QUAN TRI KINH DOANH Chuyen nganh: Quan tri kinh doanh quoc te Giao vien htfdng dSn: TS Nguyen Thtfdng Lang th s Ha Noi, nSm 2003 LOI CAM ON Tdi xin dirge giri loti cam cm tran nha't toti Thiy giao, TS Nguydn Thirong Lang, ngirbi da tan tinh hudng din va giup dor tdi vS phircmg phap tie'n hanh va each thiic nghien ciru cac vin dd neu ludn van Tdi cung xin trdn cam om PGS TS Dd Dire Binh va cac Thiy, Cd giao khoa Kinh te va Kinh doanh qudc te - Trirdng Dai hoc Kinh te qudc dan da nhiet tinh hudng din, chi bao va sira chira nhirng sai sot sudt qua trinh hoan ludn van De hoan ludn van, tdi cung da nhdn dirge su gop y quy bau cua cac chuyen vien cua Bo Thuy san, Hidp hoi Che' bie'n va xui't khiu thuy san Viet Nam, cac can bo kinh doanh cua mot sd cong ty xuit khiu thuy san lorn nirorc Nhirng y kid'n dong gop da giup cho ludn van co dirge tinh thuc tidn, bam sat nhirng didn bid'n mdi va nhirng thu&n lgi cung nhir khd khan cd the se phat sinh xuit khiu thuy san cua Vidt Nam tdi thi trirdng My Cudi cung, tdi xin chan cam cm Ban bidn tap Thdng tin Thircmg mai - Trung tarn Thdng tin Thiromg mai - Bd Thiromg mai da tao moi dieu kidn thudn lgi nha't cho tdi qua trinh nghidn cum va vid't luan van MQC LUC CflCCHdfVIETT^T DANH MUC BANG VA HINH SLT DUNG TRONG LUAN VAN PHRNMDDflU CHl/ONG 1: NHUNG VAN DE CHUNG VE NANG LUC CANH TRANH CUA HANG XUAT KHAU 1.1 Tong quan cac ly thuyetve canh tranh 1.1.1 Khai niem va chicc nang cua canh tranh 1.1.2 Ly thuyet canh tranh cua trudng phai co dien 1.1.3 Ly thuyet canh tranh khdng hoan hao va canh tranh mang tinh doc quyen 1.1.4 Ly thuyet canh tranh hieu qua Xay dung nang lire canh tranh 1.2.1 Quan diem ve xay dung nang luc canh tranh 1.2.2 Nhimg cong cu canh tranh chu yeu 1.2.3 Mot sobien phap nang cao nang luc canh tranh 1.2.4 Lua chon bien phdp de nang cao nang luc canh tranh 1.3 Mot so chi tieu danh gia nang lire canh tranh cua hang hoa xuat khau tren thi trirdng nurdc ngoai 1.3.1 San luung, doanh thu xuat khau 1.3.2 Thi phan 1.3.3 Ty le giita doanh thu xuat khau so vdi doanh thu cua doi thu canh tranh manh nhat 1.3.3 Tysuatlui nhuan 1.4 Cac yeu to anh huong den nang lire canh tranh tren thi trudng quoc te 1.4.1 Cac yeu to thuoc moi truorng kinh doanh 1.4.2 Cac yeu to canh tranh nganh 8 10 11 11 11 14 17 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 22 29 Chirong 2: THUC TRANG NANG LUC CANH TRANH CUA HANG THUY SAN VIET NAM TREN THI TRUDNG MY 2.1 Mot so quy dinh doi vdi viec nhap khau thuy san vao thi trirdng My 2.1.1 Khai qudt chung thi trudng My 2.1.2 Thi hieu va tiem nang tieu dung hang thuy san tai thi trudng My 2.1.3 Mot so quy dinh doi vdi hang thuy san nhap khau 2.1.3.1 Cac quy dinh ve an toan ve sinh doi vdi hang thuy san 2.1.3.2 MOt soluat cam hoac han chenhap khau thuy san 2.1.3.3 Mot sdluat chetai thuemg mai cua My co lien quan den nhap khau hang thuy san ' 2.1.4 Thue dp dung doi vdi hang thuy san Viet Nam nhap khau vao My 2.2 Nang lire canh tranh cua hang thuy san Viet Nam tren thi trirdng My 2.2.1 Tinh hinh xuat khau hang thuy san Viet Nam tdi thi trudng My 2.2.2 Thue trang nang luc canh tranh cua cac mat hang thuy san chu yeu 2.2.3.1 Nang luc canh tranh cua nhom hang tom dong lanh 2.2.3.2 Nang luc canh tranh cua nhom hang cd cac loai 2.2.3.3 Nang luc canh tranh cua muc va bach tuoc dong lanh 2.2.3.4 Nang luc canh tranh cua nhom hang cua va ghe 33 33 33 34 37 37 39 41 42 43 43 45 47 52 55 57 2.2.3 Danh gid nang luc canh tranh cua hang thuy san Viet Nam tren thi trudng My 2.2.3.1 Nhdng themanh 2.2.3.2 Nhirng diem han che 2.3 Danh gia cac doi thu canh tranh vdi hang thuy san cua Viet Nam tren thi trirdng My 2.3.1 The mqnh va diem yeu cua cac nha nudi thuy san tai My 2.3.2 Mot so net ve cac nude xuat khau thuy san tdi thi trudng My 2.3.2.1 The mqnh va diem yeu 2.3.2.2 Kinh nghiem viec nang cao nang luc canh tranh hang thuy san xuat khau 58 58 59 61 61 62 62 64 CHUONG 3: PHltONG HUONG VA CAC GIAI PHAP CHU YEU DE NANG CAO NANG LUC CANH TRANH CUA HANG THUY SAN VIET NAM TAI THI TRUONG MY 3.1 Phuong hudng xuat khau thuy san Viet Nam sang thi trudng My thdigiantdi 3.2 Giai phap tir phia cac co quan quan ly Nha nude 3.2.1 Van de tao nguyen lieu cho chebien xuat khau - Nang cao hieu qua khai thac hai san - Lay nudi thuy san lam mui chinh de gidi quye't nguyen lieu cho xuat khau thuy san - Dinh hudng da dang hod cac mat hang xuat khau.„ 9 " ^9 - Dam bao ve sinh an toan thuc pham theo quy dinh cua thi trudng My 3.2.2 Cac giai phap ho trqxuat khau - Hd trd cho doanh nghiep giam gid cho san pham thuy san xua'tkhau - Van de von va tin dung danh cho chebien thuy san xuat khau - Md them chi nhanh thuemg vu va trung tarn gidi thieu san pham Viet Nam tai thi trudng My - Hd trp cong tac thdng tin thi trudng 3.2.3 Mot so gidi phap khac 3.3 Giai phap cua cac doanh nghiep che bien thuy san xuat khau sang My 3.3.1 Khong ngimg dau tu nang cao chat luqmg san pham xuat khau 3.3.2 Thuc hien tot cac bien phap dam bao nguon nguyen lieu 3.3.3 Xay dung thuffng hieu 3.3.4 Tich cue dam phan xuat khau true tiep sang My 3.3.5 Md van phdng dqi dien, gidi thieu san pham va thiet lap cac kenh phan phoi true tiep tai My 3.3.6 Tich cue tham nhap thi trudng My thdng qua cac hoi chqr, trien lam chuyen nganh thuy san 3.3.7 Nam bat tot thdng tin thi trudng 3.3.8 Mot so'gidi phap ve chien luac Marketing 69 69 72 72 73 73 75 76 77 77 78 79 81 83 85 85 85 86 87 87 89 90 90 KETLU^N 95 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 96 PHU LUC 100 CflC CHCi VIET tAt AD: Antidumping Duty Law - Luat thue chb'ng pha gia CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora - Cbng ubc qub'c te' vd bubn ban cac chung loai dbng, thuc vat co nguy co tuyet chung CVD: Countervailing Duty Law - Luat thue' doi khang US DOC: United State Department of Commerce - Bo Thuong mai My EU: European Union - Lien minh chau Au US FDA: United State Food and Drug Administration Cue quan ly thuc pham va dupe pham My GATT: General Agreement on Tariff and Trade Hiep dinh chung ve Thue quan va Thucrng mai GSP: Generalized System of Preferences Che db uu dai thue quan cap HACCP: Hazad Analysis Critical Control Points He thb'ng Diem kie’m soat tori han va phan tfch nguy hiem NMFS: National Marine and Fisheries Service Co quan thuy, hai san qub'c gia My NTR: Normal Trade Relation - Quy che' thuong mai binh thuong MFN: Most Favoured Nation - Quy che db'i xu tb'i hub qub'c MMPA: Marine Mammal Protection Act Luat bao ve cac loai dbng vat bien co vu USITC: United State International Trade Commission Uy ban Thuong mai qub'c th' My US TR: Co quan Dai dibn thuong mai My United State Trade Representative VASEP: Viet Nam Association of Seafood Exporters and Producers Hiep hbi Che' bie'n va xuat khau thuy san Viet Nam WTO: World Trade Organization - To chuc thuong mai the' gidti DANH MUC BANG VA HINH SIT DUNG TRONG LUAN VAN ■ ■ ■ Ten Trang | Phuong phap lua chon bien phap nang cao nang luc canh tranh 20 Nhap khau thuy san cua My nhung nam gSn day 36 Kim ngach xuat kh^u thuy san cua Viet Nam tdi thi trudng My 43 nhung nam qua Bang Cac nude cung cap tOm chu yeu cho thi trudng My 49 Bang Thi phan cac san ph£m tdm Viet Nam nhap khdu tdm cua 50 My nam 2002 Bang Tri gia xuat khau mdt so loai ca chu yeu cua Viet Nam tori thi 52 trudng My nhung nam gan day Bang Tri gia xuat khau muc va bach tuoc cua Viet Nam tdi thi trudng 56 My nam gan day Bang Tri gia xuat khau cua va ghe cua Viet Nam tdi thi trudng My 57 nam gan day Bang 10 mat hang thuy san duoc tieu thu nhidu nha't tai My nam 71 2000 va 2001 Hinh Xay dung bien phap canh tranh hieu qua 14 Hinh Kinh doanh trSn thi trudng nude ngoai: hoat dong va anh huong 23 Hinh Nam yeu to quyet dinh canh tranh nganh 29 Hinh Kim ngach xuat khau thuy san cua Viet Nam sang thi trudng My 44 Hinh Co cau thi trudng xuat khau thuy san cua Viet Nam nam 2002 45 Hinh Thi phan hang thuy san Viet Nam va mot sd' dd'i thu canh tranh 46 tdng nhap kh£u thuy san cua My Hinh Co cau hang thuy san Viet Nam xuat khau tdi My nam 2002 47 Hinh Luong tOm nhap khau vao My nhung nam gan day 48 Hinh Cac nude xuat khau tOm ldn tdi thi trudng My nam 2002 48 Hinh 10 Thi phan cua Viet Nam va mdt sd dd'i thu canh tranh tdng 49 nhap khau tdm cua My nhung nam qua Hinh 11 Thi phan cua Viet Nam va mdt sd dd'i thu canh tranh tdng 53 nhap khau ca da tron cua My Hinh 12 Thi phan cua Viet Nam va mdt sd doi thu canh tranh tdng 54 nhap khau ca ngtf vay vang tuoi cua My Hinh 13 Thi phan cua Viet Nam va mdt sd nude xuat khau ldn nhat 55 tdng nhap khau muc va bach tudc dOng lanh cua My Hinh 14 Thi phan cua Viet Nam va nude xuat khau ldn nhat 58 tdng nhap khau cua va ghe cua My Phu luc Thud nhap khau cua My ddi vdi mdt sd mat hang thuy san 100 Phu luc Tuong quan cua hang thuy san xuat khau cua Viet Nam 102 tdng nhap khau thuy san cua My Phu luc Danh sach cac doanh nghiep xudt khau ca tra, ca basa ddng 102 lanh cua Viet Nam tdi thi trudng My nam 2002 Phu luc Danh sach cac doanh nghiep xudt khau tOm hang dau cua Viet 103 Nam tdi thi trudng My nam 2002 Phu luc Danh sach 25 nha cung cd'p thuy san hang ddu cho thi trudng 104 My nam 2002 Ky hieu Bang Bang Bang PHflN M0 DflU Tinh tat yeu cua de tai Viet Nam co tiem nang 1cm ve nuOi trdng va khai thac thuy san, do hang thuy san xuat khau la mat hang mui nhon cua nen kinh te' phuc vu co hiSu qua cho cdng cuOc cOng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nude Chie'n lucre phat trien kinh te' - xa hoi 2001 - 2010 ducrc Dang Cong san Viet Nam de da xac dinh “Phat huy lai the ve thuy san, tao mot nganh kinh te mui nhon, vitffn ten hang dau khu vuc ", “Cong nghiep che bien ndng lam thuy san phat trien manh theo hitdng dau tu cdng nghe hien dai, san xuat cac san pham du kha ndng canh tranh tren thi trudng nude va nude ngoai; chu cac mat hang nhu che bien thuy san, che bien luang thitc ”, “den nam 2010, kim ngach xuat khau ndng, lam, thuy san dat 9-10 ty USD, thuy san khoang 3,5 ty USD" Thdi gian qua viec day manh hoat dOng che' bie'n va xuat khau thuy san da tao nhi£u viec lam va cai thien ddi sO'ng cho ngudi lao dOng Dong thcri, kim ngach xuat khau nhom hang da tang truorng lien tuc vdi ty le kha cao nhung nam gan day Nam 2000, san lucmg thuy san dat tren trieu tan so vdi muc ke' hoach 1,6 - 1,7 trieu tan; xu£t khau dat 1,475 ty USD Trong nam 2001, kim ngach xuat khau thuy san dat 1,8 ty USD va nam 2002 kim ngach xuat khau dat 2,03 ty USD Vdi vai tro la mat hang xuat khau mui nhon cua dat nude, nganh thuy san da dat muc tieu tie'p tuc tang kim ngach xuat khau len 2,3 ty USD vao nam 2003 va ph£n dau dat ty USD vao nam 2005 Hien nay, thi trudng My la thi trudng tieu thu ldn nhat hang thuy san xua't khdu cua Viet Nam, chie'm ty tren 30% tong kim ngach xuat khdu thuy san cua ca nude Cac doanh nghiep xuat khau thuy san Viet Nam da xac dinh thi trudng My la mOt thi trudng rat quan trong, co kha nang tieu thu chu ye'u cac san phdm thuy san co cheft lucmg va gia tri cao Tuy nhien, hien ty hang thuy san xuat khau Viet Nam tai thi trudng My nho so vdi nhu cdu tieu thu tai thi trudng va thdp hem nhiOu so vdi lucmg hang xu£t khau td cac nude khac Ke't qua khao sat ve sure canh tranh cua mOt sO' hang Viet Nam thuc hien HiOp dinh Thucrng mai Viet - My duqc BO Tai chfnh cOng bO' vao thang 8/2002 cho th ay nang luc canh tranh cua hang Viet Nam trOn thi trudng My ra't thap Them vao do, ap luc canh tranh dO'i vdi hang thuy san cua Viet Nam tai thi trudng mOt gia tang cac nude xudt khdu thuy san vao thi trudng My nhu Thai Lan, Trung QuO'c, Indonesia, An DO dang khOng ngimg hoan thien cac giai phap de md rOng va chie'm lmh thi trudng Cung vdi xu hudng tang xuit khiu thuy san vao thi trudng My cua cac nude chau A, gia ca cac mat hang tai thi trudng My cang co xu hudng giam, khie'n cho hieu qua kinh doanh cua cac nha xua't khiu khdng cao Ddng thdi, gia nhap khiu tha'p ma nhung ngudi nudi trdng thuy san tai My bi giam lpi nhuan dang ke va tinh hinh dd bat budc ho phai co nhung phan dng kha manh de gay can trd nhim han che' su them nhap hang thuy san nude ngoai Nhu vay, cd the thay vide tri va md rdng thi phan cua hang thuy san Viet Nam tai thi trudng My se gap ra't nhidu kho khan De nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua hang thuy san Viet Nam tren thi trudng My, doi hoi phai cd nhung nghidn cdu day du vd diem manh, diem ye'u, co hdi va thach thde doi vdi hang thuy san Viet Nam, hieu ro thi hieu tieu dung cac mat hang thuy san trdn thi trudng My, ddng thdi thay dupe nang luc xuat khiu cua mdt sd' dd'i thu canh tranh true tie'p vdi hang thuy san cua Viet Nam nhim hd trp cac nha xuat khau thuy san Viet Nam cd nhung phan dng thich hop va cd hieu qua Xuat phat tir nhung va'n dd do, dd tai: "Nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua hang thuy san Viet Nam tren thi trudng My" dupe chon de nghien cdu Muc dich nghien cufu De tai dupe thuc hien vdi muc dich chfnh la dd xuat dupe nhung giai phap cu the’ ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam va doi vdi edng tac quan ly Nha nude nham nang cao nang luc canh tranh cho hang thuy san cua Viet Nam tren thi trudng My, tie'p tuc diy manh kim ngach xua't khiu thuy san tdi thi trudng De dat dupe muc dich chfnh nay, dd tai tap trung nghien cdu tidm nang cua thi trudng thuy san My, ddng thdi phan tich thuc trang nang luc canh tranh cua cac mat hang thuy san xuat khiu chu yd'u cua Viet Nam sang thi trudng My hien nay, tim diem manh, diem ye'u, co hdi va thach thde so vdi cac ddi thu canh tranh khac Doi tup ng va pham vi nghien curu Luan van tap trung phan tfch nhu cdu nhap khiu thuy san cua My, nhung quy dinh hien hanh cua My lien quan dd'n nhap khiu hang thuy san Ddng thdi, luan van cung dd cap tdi nang luc canh tranh cua hang thuy san Viet Nam tren thi trudng My qua cac chi tieu chu yd'u nhu san lupng va gia tri xuat khiu, tdc dd tang trudng kim ngach, thi phin so sanh vdi cac nude xuat khiu khdi lupng ldn mat hang thuy san tuong tu vdi Viet Nam Cac mat hang thuy san Viet Nam xua't khiu chu yd'u tdi thi trudng My dupe dd cap chuyen dd bao gdm tOm ddng lanh, mdt sd loai ca cd lupng xuat khau ldn, muc, cua, ghe ddng lanh dupe xem xet thcri gian t£r nam 1998 den hd't nam 2002 Phirdng phap nghien curu Trong qua tr'rnh nghien cum, cac phuong phap chu dao dupe str dung la phuong phap vat bien chung va vat lich str Ngoai ra, luan van str dung tdng hop mdt sd phuong phap khac nhu phuong phap thdng ke dien hinh, phuong phap phan tfch, tdng hop va phuong phap chuyen gia Nhurng dong gop cua luan van - Tong ke't nhung van dd ly thuyet vd nang luc canh tranh cua hang hoa xuat khau cua doanh nghiep - Danh gia thi hie'u va nhu cau nhap khau hang thuy san cua My, he thdng hoa cac quy dinh cua My lien quan de'n nhap khau hang thuy san - Danh gia thuc trang nang luc canh tranh, phan tfch nhdng the' manh va diem ye'u, co hdi va thach thtrc dd'i vdi hang thuy san Viet Nam tren thi trudng My - Dd xuat nhdng giai phap chu yd'u de nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua hang thuy san Viet Nam tai thi trudng My Ket cau luan van Ngoai ldi mo dau, ke't luan, bang cac chd vie't tat, danh muc tai lieu tham khao va phu luc, ndi dung chu ye'u cua luan van duqc trinh bay chuong: Chuang 1: Nhung vdn dd chung vd nang luc canh tranh cua hang xua't khau Chuang 2: Thuc trang nang luc canh tranh cua hang thuy san Viet Nam tren thi trudng My Chuang 3: Cac giai phap chu yd'u de nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua hang thuy san Viet Nam tren thi trudng My cung cdp, vi^c cat giam gia cung nhu phuemg thde kinh doanh theo xu hudmg tidu thu thuy san hidn tai cua thd' gidi Day la co hdi tdt de cac mat hang thuy san cua Vidt Nam tham nhap vao hd thd'ng cac nha hang tai My Chfnh vi vay, cac doanh nghidp can chu tham gia hdi cho va cac hdi cho chuyen nganh thuy san khac tai My 3.3.7 Ndm bat tot thdng tin thi trudng Mdt diem ye'u cua cac doanh nghidp xua't khau thuy san cua Viet Nam la chua co su chu ddng tid'p can vdi nhu cau thi truemg va doi mdi co cau san xua't phu hop vdi thi trudng dd Vide ddu tidn ma doanh nghidp phai lam de nam bat nhu cau thi trudng la chu y de'n thdng tin, qua dd nam lay nhu cau cua thi trudng va doi hdi cua ngudi tidu dung Tuy nhidn, khdng phai tat ca cac doanh nghidp ddu quan tarn dd'n linh vuc thdng tin vi cac doanh nghidp cung phai buon chai vdi nhung cdng vide cu the trudc mat Trong thdi gian tdi, cac doanh nghidp can chu y hon tdi linh vuc Nhin chung, chu truong cua Chfnh phu la hd trq tdi da vd thdng tin cho cac doanh nghidp xua't khau, nhung chfnh cac doanh nghidp cung can phai chu ddng de tid'p can ngudn thdng tin dd, chd khdng the thu ddng chd dqi thdng tin nao dd'n tay minh thi mdi doc Lam td't duqc cdng tac thdng tin thi trudng, cac doanh nghidp se co duqc su nang ddng can thie't, chie'n thdng duqc cac ddi thu canh tranh xua't khau hang hoa dd'n thi trudng My 3.3.8 Mot so giai phap ve chie'n lucre Marketing My la mdt thi trudng rdng ldn vdi nhidu tac nhan tham gia tao mdt sdc ep canh tranh tuong dd'i ldn Chid'n dich Marketing la mdt nhung vdn dd then chdt de’ tham nhap vao thi trudng Nhu phan trdn da trinh bay, cac doanh nghidp xudt khdu thuy san cua Vidt Nam khdng chi gap canh tranh td phfa cac nha san xudt tai My, ma cdn ca vdi cac nha xudt khdu dd'n td cac nudc khac trdn thd' gidi, cd nhumg nudc xudt khdu hang ddu thd' gidi va cd bd day kinh nghidm nhu Trung Qud'c, Thai Lan Vi vdy, cac doanh nghidp xua't khdu cdn xac dinh ro va tan dung tridt de lqi thd' canh tranh cua minh, cung nhu su khac bidt cua san phdm cung cdp so vdi cac san phdm khac cung loai dang cd mat va chid'm lmh thi truemg Trong qua trinh xdy dung chid'n luqc canh tranh, cac doanh nghidp cdn chu y dd'n tdt ca cac vdn dd cua Marketing Mix, bao gdm san phdm, gia ca, hinh thde quang cao khuyd'n mai, hinh thde phan phd'i Su dung cac cdng cu hd trq khac, thid't ldp Website gidi thidu doanh nghidp va san phdm dich vu cung la cac cdng vide ndn lam 90 - Bao bi hap dan Ben canh viec san xua't mdt san pham co cha't lugng cao, hgp thi hieu tidu dung cua thi trucmg My, thi bao bi ha'p din la mdt nhumg yd'u td' cdng kinh doanh ban le Hdu hd't cac chuydn gia Marketing tai My ddu xe'p bao bl la mdt ydu td' cua chid'n luge san pham Bao bi can dugc thidt kd tdt de co the tao didu kidn thuan lgi cho ngudi tidu dung va ddng thdi cung la mdt cdng cu huu hidu cho quang cao san phdm Ngudi My su dung hd thdng ludng Anh, do cac cdng cu Marketing cung nhu Website cua doanh nghidp ndn luu tarn de thidt kd cho phu hgp - Chinh sach gia sdn phdm Ddi vdi cac doanh nghidp xua't khau, chien luge gia xua't khau thudng hudng vao cac muc tidu nhu: tham nhap thi trudng, phat trien thi phan va doanh sd ban nham tdi da hoa lgi nhuan Hidn nay, cac doanh nghidp xua't khdu cua Vidt Nam thudng gap rat nhidu kho khan vide dinh gia xua't khau, khdng ndm bat dugc cac co hdi chung ta se mat lgi nhuan xua't khau Nhin chung, hau hdt cac doanh nghidp xua't khau thuy san cua Vidt Nam ddu dinh gia xua't khau dua trdn nhung tinh toan ve chi phi theo nguydn tdc gia xua't khau phai bu dap du chi phi (bao gdm chi phi san xua't, chi phi ngoai san xua't nhu dich vu xua't khau, chi phi quan ly, cac chi phi lidn quan dd'n xua't khdu) va co lai Tuy nhidn, thuc td' xuat khau thuy san tdi My thdi gian qua, each tinh toan cua cac doanh nghidp Vidt Nam to khdng hieu qua ddi vdi mdt sd mat hang dac thu, vi du nhu xudt khdu ca tra va basa Dua trdn co sd chi phi nguydn lidu va san xudt thd'p, cac doanh nghidp xudt khdu Vidt Nam da dua mdc gia chao ban ca tra, basa tdi thi trudng My chi thdp bang 1/2 so vdi gia ban loai ca gdn tuemg tu cua cac doanh nghidp My Mdc gia to rdt hidu qua giai doan tham nhap thi trudng My, nhung sau da chid'm linh dugc thi trudng thi nd lai gay cho cac doanh nghidp Vidt Nam nhidu thidt thdi Vide khdng didu chinh tang gia da lam cho Vidt Nam bi mat lgi nhuan xuat khau, ddng thdi cung la nguydn nhan chinh khid'n cho cac doanh nghidp My phan umg quyd't lidt bang each khdi kidn ca Vidt Nam dugc ban dudi gia vao thi trudng My Rut kinh nghidm td vu vide nay, cac doanh nghidp xua't khau thuy san cua Vidt Nam edn phai linh ddng hon vide xac dinh gia xuat khdu, dua chinh sach gia san phdm linh hoat hem theo tirng giai doan va muc tidu khac Bdn canh do, cung edn nhd rang gia hang hoa phai dua vao quan hd cung - cdu trdn thi trudng qud'c td', ndn de co dugc mdc gia thich hgp, edn thidt phai nghidn cum va theo doi nhumg bid'n ddng cua thi trudng theo thdi gian, mua vu, xu hudng thay doi nhu cdu va thi hidu, tinh hinh canh tranh 91 - Chinh sach phan phd'i san phdm DO'i vdi hang thuy san Viet Nam xuat khau tdi My, kha nang ban true tiep cho ngudi tidu dung cud'i cung la rat kho, it nhat la vai nam tdi Chung ta chua cd du kha nang de thid't lap mang phan phdi ridng hay tidn hanh lidn doanh vdi ddi tac nudc ngoai chi phf thidt kd kdnh phan phdi qua ldn ddi vdi cac doanh nghidp Vidt Nam cd khdi luong san phdm xuat khau chua phai la nhieu Trong cac nam tdi day, cac doanh nghidp xua't khau thuy san Vidt Nam can cd gang ap dung hinh thde xua't khau true tid'p thong qua vide su dung cac trung gian phan phd'i cua My Giai phap trudc mat cd the’ giup nang cao uy tfn cua san pham cac trung gian tai My thudng cd uy tin linh vuc phan phdi ddi vdi ngudi tidu dung sd tai Ddng thdi phuong phap cho phep san pham tham nhap dupe vao thi trudng ma khdng bi cac yd'u td moi trudng can trd dang ke Vi vay, van dd cd tinh quyd't dinh trudc tidn giai doan hidn la lua chon hqp ly trung gian phan phdi tai My Ve lau dai, cd du tiem luc, cac doanh nghidp Vidt Nam can phai hudng tdi vide xay dung kdnh phan phdi true tid'p tai My Khi dd, cac dai didn ban hang tai My se lam nhidm vu thid't lap moi quan he true tid'p va thudng xuydn vdi thi trudng tidu thu, timg budc md rdng kdnh phan phdi bang each huy ddng va sd dung luc luqng Vidt kieu tai My Trong giai doan nay, dai didn ban hang ndn ydu cau duqc su trq giup cua co quan Thuong vu Vidt Nam tai My, cua cac to chdc xuc tid'n thuong mai nudc de cd the tuan thd dung luat phap My, cd duqc nhung mdi quan hd true tid'p vdi khach hang va xd ly tdt cac tinh hudng phat sinh cu the - Cac cons cu guans cao Td roi, catalog, brochures, va cac phuong tidn quang cao, san ph^m mau phai duqc lam phu hqp, phai duqc My hoa Nhung thdng tin de lidn lac nhu email, website, ma didn thoai qudc td' ddu rdt can thidt duqc in trdn cac tai lidu quang cao Thi trudng My la thi trudng rdng md nhat trdn thd' gidi, nhung cung la mdt thi trudng kho khan vi tfnh chat canh tranh rat cao Ngudi tidu dung My da quen vdi vide cd duqc nhidu lua chon khac vd san pham dd'n tir toan thd' gidi Vi thd', mud'n canh tranh trdn thi trudng nay, doanh nghidp phai that su gidi, khdng chi d khia canh chat luqng san phdm, ma the hidn d chie'n luqc quang cao, ddng thdi phai cd duqc mdt dai ly gidi bidt each dua san pham ldn kd trung bay 92 - Marketing qua mang dien tu(E - Marketing): Mang thdng tin Internet dang cang trd mot cdng cu huu hieu thuong mai qudc td' Nhat la tai My, noi co mot co so tang ve cdng nghd thdng tin hoan hao nhat trdn thd' gidi, vdi sd' luqng ngudi sd dung va ty Id ngudi su dung Internet nhidu nhat trdn thd' gidi, cung vdi nhung didu kien thuan lqi su dung nhu: phi su dung re nhat thd' gidi, khdng bi tinh cudc phu trdi dien thoai, cd nhung dich vu gia tri gia tang de’ ngudi dung chi cdn dung mdt dudng day dien thoai kd't no'i lidn tuc ma khdng bi Id cac cudc dien thoai goi dd'n Cac didu kidn thuan lqi da khid'n cho thdi gian ngudi su dung truy cap mang Internet rat nhidu va khuye'n khfch ngudi tidu dung tim hieu va su dung cac loai dich vu thuong mai didn tu (E - commerce) Khi cac thdng tin vd hang hoa va dich vu cua doanh nghidp da duqc dua ldn mang Internet, khach hang co the dd dang tim kid'm va cdp nhdt hon vd cac loai san pham chao ban, cac ydu cau cua khach hang se duqc chuyen dd'n nhanh hon, dac bidt dd'i vdi cac khach hang d My vdi didu kien, kha nang va thdi quen su dung Internet Ly chu yd'u khid'n doanh nghidp phai xdy dung va su dung trang Web la de cd the phuc vu khach hang td't hon, lidn tuc hon (cd the ldn tdi ca tuan va ca 24 gid mdi ngay) Chinh trang Web se la cdng cu lam giam chi phf phuc vu khach hang, tao didu kidn de tang doanh thu, ddng thdi cung gdy dung duqc nhung md'i quan he cd lqi, tang uy tin va nhan thurc vd tfnh chuydn nghidp cua doanh nghidp kinh doanh qudc te' Tdm lai, su dung Internet cung vdi Catalog didn td cd nhung lqi thd' nhu sau: + Tao didu kidn cho khach hang va nha phdn phd'i tim kid'm va tra cdu thdng tin vd san phdm va dich vu vdi chi phf thap + Tao dung long tin va xdy dung hinh anh doanh nghidp tdm tri khach hang va nha phdn phd'i + Rut ng&n khoang each vd khdng gian va thdi gian td nudc xuat khdu tdi nudc nhdp khdu - Sit dung he thd'ng thu tin trite tiep qua buu dien (Direct Mail) Tid'p cdn khach hang thdng qua hinh thurc thu true tid'p la mdt each thurc dang duqc sd dung rdng rai tai My Gui thu va hang hoa true tid'p cho phep doanh nghidp hudng tdi duqc cac khach hang muc tidu cua minh la cac ca nhan hay cac td churc cd nhu cdu mua hang hoa cua doanh nghidp Qua 93 phuong thdc nay, cac nha xua't khau cung xay dung duoc md'i quan hd vdi khach hang va se tang co hdi ban hang cho doanh nghidp vi khach hang co the se thuc hidn nhung lan mua tidp theo, sau da thua nhan chat luong hang hoa va dich vu duoc cung c£p Mot sd uu diem cua phuong phap gui thu truc tidp la: + Gui thu truc tidp phai co lua chon trdn mot co so du lidu khach hang, th co the du bao duoc kd't qua + Cho phep doanh nghidp co the gui truc tidp san pham va dich vu tdi khach hang + La phuong phap mang tinh kinh td va tidt kiem chi phi Tom lai, chien dich Marketing la mOt nhung van de then chdt de cac doanh nghidp xuat khau thuy san cua Viet Nam tham nhap vao thi trudng My Cac doanh nghidp can xac dinh ro va tan dung tridt de loi thd canh tranh cua minh, cung nhu su khac bidt cua san pham cung cap so vdi cac san pham khac cung loai dang co mat va chidm linh thi trirdng Cac doanh nghidp cdn chu y ddn tat ca cac van de qua trinh xay dung chidn luoc Marketing, bao gdm chinh sach san pham, chfnh sach gia, hinh thdc quang cao, gidi thidu va xuc tidn ban san pham, chfnh sach phan phdi 94 KET LUflN Xudt khau thuy san cua Viet Nam da thuc su tang trudng nhanh chong nhung nam gdn day, cd su ddng gop ra't ldn ttr kim ngach xua't khdu thuy san tdi thi trudng My lien tuc tang cao Thuc hien chu truong cua Dang va Chinh phu, nganh thuy san da xac dinh My la thi trudng xua't khau chu luc nhung nam tdi, phan da'u tie'p tuc tang manh kim ngach xuat khau thuy san tdi thi trudng My vdi nhung bien phap nham nang cao chat luong va khdng ngtrng da dang hoa san phdm xuat khau Trong thi trudng the gidi cung nhu su hoi nhap qud'c td' tao cac co hdi mdi de tie'p tuc tang nhanh kim ngach xua't khau cua Viet Nam, nhung kho khan va can trd mdi cung da khdng ngtrng xua't hien Vide giu vung uy tfn va nang cao sdc canh tranh cho hang thuy san xua't khdu, cung nhu tri da tang trudng la mOt nhiem vu het sdc quan trong, doi hdi su nd luc rat ldn cua toan nganh thuy san, td nhung ngudi nuOi trdng va khai thac cho tdi cac doanh nghiep che bidn va xua't khdu, cung nhu edn cd su hd trq kip thdi cua cac co quan chdc nang De nang cao nang luc canh tranh, cac doanh nghidp Viet Nam edn tien nhanh hon cac dO'i thu canh tranh dang hoat dong ra't nang dong, ca ve mat cai tie'n cOng nghe, nang cao chat luqng san pham xua't khau, cung nhu kha nang tie'p thi va nghien cdu thi trudng Gop phdn vao nd luc cua nganh thuy san, luan van da tap trung phan tfch ve thdi quen va xu hudng tieu dung thuy san tai thi trudng My, nhung quy dinh lien quan den nhap khdu thuy san vao thi trudng My, ddng thdi phan tfch cu the nang luc canh tranh cua tdng mat hang thuy san cua Viet Nam da va dang xudt khdu tdi My bO'i canh ap luc canh tranh kha cao ca td phfa nganh thuy san My va ca td cac nudc xudt khdu thuy san ldn khac trdn the' gidi Td nhung phdn tfch va nhan dinh dd, ludn van da kie'n nghi nhung giai phap dO'i vdi Nha nudc mOt each kha toan didn, td khau tao ngudn nguyOn lieu chdt luqng cho den che' bid'n va ddy manh xudt khdu DO'i vdi cac doanh nghiep xudt khdu thuy san tdi thi trudng My, ludn van da tdp trung kid'n nghi cac giai phap ndng cao nang luc canh tranh cho san phdm, cac giai phap lidn quan dd'n marketing xudt khdu nhu chfnh sach san phdm, chfnh sach gia, phan phO'i, quang cao va gidi thieu san phdm Hy vong rdng nhung giai phap se cd tinh thuc tidn cao, gop phdn thuc ddy kim ngach xudt khdu thuy san cua Viet Nam tdi thi trudng My tang nhanh nhung nam tdi 95 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO ■ ■ I TIENG VIET Dang COng san Viet Nam - Bao cao cua Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang khoa VIII tai Dai hdi dai bieu toan qudc lan thd IX Thu tudng chinh phu - Chi thi sd' 22/2000/CT-TTg 27/10/2000 vd chien luge phat trien xuat nhap khau hang hoa va dich vu thdi ky 2001- 2010 Bo Thuong mai - Du bao chien luge thuong mai Viet Nam den nam 2010 Hidp dinh Thuong mai Viet Nam - My 13/7/2000 TS Dd Due Binh va TS Bui Anh Tuan - Nam 1999 - Giao trinh sau dai hoc: Kinh doanh qudc te' - Trudng Dai hoc Kinh te' qudc te' TS Nguydn Huu Khoa (Chu bien) - Nam 2002 - Mot sd giai phap nham hoan thien cdng nghe Marketing xuat khau de md rdng thi trudng va mat hang xudt khdu d nudc ta giai doan 2001 - 2010 - Bd Thuong mai Nguydn Dinh Luong - “Thuong mai Viet Nam - Hoa Ky dudi tac dong cua Hidp dinh Thuong mai song phuong” - Tap chi' Qudc te' sd 11/2000 PGS TS Nguydn Thi Mo (Chu bien) - Nam 2002 - Tim hieu vd Chfnh sach xuat nhap khdu cua My va nhung bien phap thuc day xua't khdu hang hoa cua Viet Nam sang thi trudng My sau Hidp dinh Thuong mai Viet Nam - My co hieu luc - Bd Thuong mai TS Pham Quydn va TS Le Minh Tam - Nam 1997 - Hudng phat trien thi trudng xudt - nhdp khdu Viet Nam tdi nam 2010 - Nha xudt ban Thdng ke 10 TS Pham Quydn - Nam 1997 - Tim hieu de hgp tac va kinh doanh vdi My - Nha xudt ban Thdng ke 11 M Porter - Nam 1996 - Chid'n luge canh tranh - Nha xudt ban KHXH 12 PGS TS Ld Van Tdm (Chu bidn) - Nam 2000 - Giao trinh Quan tri chid'n luge - Nha Xudt ban thdng kd 13 Td Dinh Thai - Chfnh sach va bien phap tang cudng kha nang canh tranh cua doanh nghidp vita va nho - Hdi thao Vidn QLKTTW 14 Nguydn Xudn Vinh - Nam 1999 - Marketing qudc td - Nha xudt ban Buu dien 96 15 Ca quan Thuong vu Viet Nam tai Hoa Ky - Bd Thuong mai - Bao cao dinh ky vd tinh hinh thuong mai Vidt Nam - Hoa Ky 16 Tong cue Hai quan - Bao cao dinh ky v£ tinh hinh hang mau dich xuat, nhap kh^u 17 Trung tarn Thdng tin Thuong mai - Bd Thuong mai - Ban tin Thdng tin Thuong mai chuyen nganh Thuy san sd 19/2/2001 18 Trung tam Thdng tin Thuong mai - Bd Thuong mai - Ban tin Thdng tin Thuong mai chuydn nganh Thuy san sd 5/3/2001 19 Trung tam Thdng tin Thuong mai - Bd Thuong mai - Ban tin Thdng tin Thuong mai chuydn nganh Thuy san sd 2/4/2001 20 Trung tdm Thdng tin Thuong mai - Bo Thuong mai - Ban tin Thdng tin Thuong mai chuydn nganh Thuy san sd 14/5/2001 21 Trung tam Thong tin Thuong mai - Bd Thuong mai - Ban tin Thong tin Thuong mai chuydn nganh Thuy san sd 21/1/2002 22 Trung tam Thdng tin Thuong mai - Bd Thuong mai - Ban tin Thdng tin Thuong mai chuydn nganh Thuy san sd 25/2/2002 23 Trung tam Thdng tin Thuong mai - Bd Thuong mai - Ban tin Thdng tin Thuong mai chuydn nganh Thuy san sd 4/3/2002 24 Trung tam Thdng tin Thuong mai - Bd Thuong mai - Ban tin Thdng tin Thuong mai chuydn nganh Thuy san sd 18/3/2002 25 Trung tdm Thdng tin Thuong mai - Bd Thuong mai - Ban tin Thdng tin Thuong mai chuydn nganh Thuy san sd 27/5/2002 26 Trung tam Thdng tin Thuong mai - Bd Thuong mai - Ban tin Thdng tin Thuong mai chuydn nganh Thuy san sd 10/6/2002 27 Trung tdm Thdng tin Thuong mai - Bd Thuong mai - Ban tin Thdng tin Thuong mai chuydn nganh Thuy san sd 8/7/2002 28 Trung tdm Thdng tin Thuong mai - Bd Thuong mai - Ban tin Tndng tin Thuong mai chuydn nganh Thuy san sd 2/9/2002 29 Trung tdm Thdng tin Thuong mai - Bd Thuong mai - Ban tin Thdng tin Thuong mai chuydn nganh Thuy san sd 9/9/2002 30 Trung tdm Thdng tin Thuong mai - Bd Thuong mai - Ban tin Thdng tin Thuong mai chuydn nganh Thuy san sd 3/3/2003 97 31 Trung tam Thdng tin Thudng mai - Bd Thuong mai - Ban tin Thdng tin Thuong mai chuydn nganh Thuy san sd 23/6/2003 32 Hidp hdi Che' bidn va xuat khdu thuy san Vidt Nam - Tap chi Thuong mai Thuy san sd thang nam 2002 33 Hidp hdi Chd bien va xua't khdu thuy san Vidt Nam - Tap -chi Thuong mai Thuy san sd thang nam 2002 34 Hidp hdi Chd bidn va xua't khdu thuy san Vidt Nam - Tap chi Thuong mai Thuy san sd thang nam 2002 35 Hidp hdi Chd bidn va xuat khdu thuy san Vidt Nam - Tap chi Thuong mai Thuy san sd thang nam 2002 36 Hidp hdi Chd bidn va xuat khdu thuy san Vidt Nam - Tap chi Thuong mai Thuy san sd thang nam 2002 37 Vidn Nghien cuu Quan ly Kinh td Trung uong - Co sd khoa hoc va thuc tidn cho vidc xay dung chinh sach canh tranh d Vidt Nam - Nha xua't ban Lao dong - Nam 2000 38 Trang Web cua Hidp hdi chd bidn va xuat khdu thuy san Vidt Nam: http://www.vasep.com.vn 39 Trang Web VietNamnet: http://www.vnn.vn 40 Trang Web xuc tidn xudt - nhap khdu: http://www.exim-pro.com.vn II TIENG ANH 41 Bieu thud nhap khdu hang hoa vao My: Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2003) (Rev 4) - Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes 42 Cuc Hai quan My - Nam 1995 - Nhap khdu vao My 43 FAO - The State of world fisheries and aquaculture - 2002 44 W M., Review of Competition Law anh Policy in United States of America 45 International Trade Center - UNCTAD/WTO - Trade Forum - Sd 1, 2, 3, nam 2001 46 International Trade Center - UNCTAD/WTO - Trade Forum - Sd' 1, 2, 3, nam 2002 98 47 International Trade Center - UNCTAD/WTO - Nam 2001 - International marketing and the trading system 48 Trang Web cua Bd Thuong mai My: http://www.doc.gov 49 Trang Web cua Bd Ndng nghidp My: http://www.usda.gov 50 Trang Web cua Hai quan My: http://www.customs.treas.gov 51 Trang Web cua Cue quan ly thuc pham va dupe pham My: http://www.fda.gov 52 Trang Web cua Phong phan tfch thdng tin thudc Bo Thuong mai My: http://www.bea.doc.gov/bea/glance.htm 53 Trang Web thdng ke cua Co quan quan ly thuy, hai san lien bang My: http://www.st.nmfs.gov/ 54 Trang Web: The California Office of Foreign Investment has produced an infomative booklet entitled Establishing a Representative Office in California: http://commerce.ca.gov/intemational/ofi/estrep.pdf 55 Trang Web hudng dan vd thuong mai tai My, nhu each ghi nhan hidu hang hoa, each thuc quang cao http://www.ftc.gov/ftc/business.htm 56 Trang Web cung cap thdng tin tdm tat vd moi mat kinh td' cua My: http://www.census.gov 57 Trang Web cung cap thdng tin ve cac efra hang d California va midn Tay My: http://www.safeway.com 58 Trang Web hudng din thuong mai d My (each ghi nhan hidu hang hoa, each thiic quang cao): http://www.ftc.gov/ftc/business.htm 59 Trang Web cung cap sd' lidu vd xudt nhap khdu giua My va cac nudc: http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/index.html 60 Trang Web chuydn nganh thuy san qud'c td': http://www.fis.com 61 Trang Web cung cdp thdng tin vd hdi cho qud'c td' ldn nhdt vd thuy hai san International Boston seafood: http://www.bostonseafood.com: 62 Trang Web cua Tap chf Thuong mai thuy san My: http://www.seafoodbusiness.com 99 PHQ LQC Phu luc 1: Thue nhap khau cua My doi vdi mot sd mat hang thuy san MaHS 0301.00 0301.90 0301.91.00 0301.92.00 0301.93.00 Mo ta hang hoa Ca tuoi sd'ng - Ci cac loai tiroi sd'ng - Ca hdi - Luan - Ca chep 0301.99.00 - Cic loai ca khac 0302.00 0302.31.00 0302.32.00 0302.33.00 0302.34.00 0302.35.00 0302.39.01 0302.61.00 0302.64.00 0302.66.00 0303.00 0303.41.00 0303.42.00 0303.43.00 0303.44.00 0303.45.00 0303.60.00 0303.71.00 Ca tuoi hoac ucp lanh, trir fillet va cac loai thit ca khac - Cd ngtr vdy dai - Ci ngir viy vang - Ci ngir vdn - Ca ngtr mdt to - Ci ngir vdy xanh - Ca khac - Ca trich - Ci thu - Luan Ci udp ddng trir ca khuc va cac loai thit cua ci khac - Ca ngtr viy dai - Ca ngir vdy vang - Ci ngir vdn - Ci ngir mdt to - Ci ngir vdy xanh - Ci tuyd't - Ci trich 0303.74.00 - Ci thu 0303.75.00 - Ci nhim vi ci map khic 10303.76.00 - Lucm Ci khuc (fillet) vi cic loai thit ci khac (bdm hodc khang 0304.00 bdm), tuoi, udp di hodc ddng lanh 0304.20 Ci fillet ddng lanh 0304.90.90 Loai khic 0305.00 Ci si'y khd, mud'i hodc ngdm nudc mudi, ci hun khoi 0305.10.20 - Bdt ci, vidn ci phuc vu cho tidu ding cua ngudi 0305.30 - Ci fillet, khd, mud'i, khdng hun khoi 0305.30.20 - - Ci trich 0305.30.40 - - Ci thu 0305.30.60 - - Ca khic 0305.42.00 - Ci trich hun khoi 0305.49.20 - Ci thu hun khoi 0305.49.40 - Ci hun khoi khic 100 MFN GSP Khdng ] co MFN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,4 c/kg 0 0 0 0 2,2 c/kg 0 0 0 0 0 2,2 c/kg 2,2 c/kg 1,1 c/kg 1,1 C/kg 0 6% 4,4 c/kg 2,2 c/kg 2,2 c/kg 2,8 -5,5 c/kg 25 % 2,8 c/kg 4% 25% 25% 5% 2,2 c/kg 0 6,6 c/kg 25% 6,6 c/kg Ma HS Md ta hdng hoa MFN GSP Khdng cjMFN 0305.59.20 0305.63.20 0306.00 0306.11.00 0306.13.00 0306.14.20 0307.00 0307.10.00 0307.21.00 0307.39.00 0307.41.00 0307.51.00 0307.60.00 1604.00 1604.12 1604.14 1604.14.10 1604.14.22 1604.14.40 1604.15.00 1604.16 1604.16.10 1604.16.40 1604.20 1604.20.10 1604.30.20 1605.00 1605.10.05 1605.10.20 1605.10.40 1605.10.60 1605.20.05 1605.20.10 1605.30.05 1605.30.10 1605.40.05 1605.40.10 1605.90.05 1605.90.06 1605.90.10 1605.90.40 1605.90.50 1605.90.55 1605.90.60 (2103.90.30 - Vay ca map 0,2 c/kg Cd com luong dudi 6,8 kg container kin % Ddng vat giap xac (tdm, cua) co mai, vo hoac khdng - Tdm hum vd cac loai tdm bid’n ddng lanh - Tdm ddng lanh - Thit cua ddng lanh 7,5 % Ddng vat than mdm, co mai, vo hoac khdng, sd'ng va tuoi - Hau -So - Vem - Muc nang va muc d'ng tuoi, ddng lanh - Bach tudc tuoi, sd'ng hoac udp da - dc (trd dc bidn) % Ca da che bien, trung ca da chd bien 4% - Ca trich ngam dau, dong tui kin - Ca ngu nguyen hoac cat midng, nhung khdng bam 35% - - Ca ngu ngam ddu, dong tui kin - - Ca ngU khdng ngam ddu, dong tui kin 6% - - Ca ngU khdng dong tui kin 1,1 c/kg 3% - Ca thu - Ca com - - Ca com ngam ddu, dong tui kin 5% - - Dang khac - Ca chd bidn khac, bao gdm thit cac loai giap xac, than 10% mdm hoac thuy san khac, da chd' bidn - - Pate 15% - Trung ca Cac san phdm td ddng vat giap xac than mdm - TU thit cua chd bidn sdn 10% - TU thit cua, chd bidn sdn dd’ tui kin - Cac san phdm tU thit cua khac 5% - Cac san phdm khac - TU tdm, bao gdm ca thit, duoc chd' bidn sdn 5% - Loai khac 10% - TU tdm hum gdm ca thit duoc chd bidn sdn - Loai khac - TU ddng vat giap xac khac, duoc chd bidn sdn - Loai khac - Loai khac, duoc chd bid'n sdn - TU ngheu dong tui kin 10% - Cac dang chd bidn tU ngheu khac - Hau hun khoi 4,7% - Cac dang chd bid'n tU hau khac 5% - dc, trU dc bidn - Cac loai khac, bao gdm bao ngu, sd, muc dng Nudc mdm 101 0 2,8 c/kg 25% 0 15 % 0 0 0 20% 30% 45% 25% 2,8 c/kg 25% 30% 25% 20% 0 0 0 0 30% 30% 20% 22,5% 15% 20% 20% 20% 20% 23% 110% 7,5% 12,5% 20% 30% Phu luc 2: TircJng quan cua hang thuy san xuat khau cua Viet Nam tdng nhap khau thuy san cua My Nudc xuat khau Viet Nam Luong (tan) 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 6.826 10.653 17.989 34.512 62.394 2002 85.802 TG (trieu USD) Thai Lan 58,06 96,28 140,99 302,42 478,13 620,38 158.071 194.241 256.708 258.532 250.203 247.927 ‘ TG (trieu USD) 1.168,20 1.394,68 1.560,31 1.816,80 1.608,55 1.364,84 Luong (tan) 107.285 120.967 146.588 181.147 187.514 258.768 TG (trieu USD) 331,79 333,59 447,36 598,59 674,02 889,23 Luong (tan) 33.005 34.026 38.358 45.461 46.363 57.926 TG (trieu USD) 171,49 396,77 182,99 199,84 284,47 296,95 Luong (tan) 38.536 46.651 54.320 53.641 59.477 61.725 Luong (tah) Trung Quoc An Do Indonesia TG (trieu USD) Philippine Tong nhap khau cua My Ty hang VN tdng NK cua My 254,45 304,64 Luong (tan) 56.079 58.190 TG (trieu USD) 157,54 175,43 Luong (tan) 1.638.745 1.737.532 TG (trieu USD) 7.829,09 8.228,68 Lugng (%) Tri gia (%) 0,42 0,74 0,61 1,17 310,84 365,97 385,77 405,14 64.843 65.197 58.905 63.953 180,82 167,33 166,20 177,53 1.848.599 1.866.175 1.934.846 2.108.429 9.048,39 10.086,83 9.880,70 10.209,65 0,97 1,56 3,22 4,84 1,85 3,00 4,07 6,08 Nguon: NMFS Phu luc 3: Danh sach cac doanh nghiep xuat khau ca tra, ca basa ddng lanh cua Viet Nam tdi thi trirdng My nam 2002 STT Ten doanh nghiep Lugng XK (pound) COng ty Co phdn xuat -nhap khdu thuy san An Giang (Agifish) 8.618.493,60 Cong ty TNHH Nam Viet (Navifishco) 8.621.298,50 Cong ty TNHH Vinh Hoan (Vinh Hoan Co., Ltd) Cdng ty Ndng sue san Xu