Giáo trình anh văn chuyên ngành thiết kế đồ họa dành cho bậc cao đẳng

ỦY BAN NHÂN DÂN TP HỒ CHÍ MINH TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG CÔNG NGHỆ THỦ ĐỨC KHOA CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN GIÁO TRÌNH HỌC PHẦN: ANH VĂN CHUYÊN NGÀNH THIẾT KẾ ĐỒ HỌA NGÀNH/NGHỀ: THIẾT KẾ ĐỒ HỌA TRÌNH ĐỘ: CAO ĐẲNG Ban hành kèm theo Quyết định số: /QĐ-CNTĐ-CN ngày tháng….năm của……………………………… TP Hồ Chí Minh, năm 2020 TUYÊN BỐ BẢN QUYỀN Tài liệu thuộc loại sách giáo trình nên nguồn thơng tin phép dùng nguyên trích dùng cho mục đích đào tạo tham khảo Mọi mục đích khác mang tính lệch lạc sử dụng với mục đích kinh doanh thiếu lành mạnh bị nghiêm cấm LỜI GIỚI THIỆU Học phần Anh văn chuyên ngành Thiết kế đồ họa thuộc khối kiến thức chuyên ngành bắt buộc ngành Thiết kế đồ họa Học phần cung cấp kiến thức từ vựng, ngữ pháp kỹ nghe, nói, đọc, viết tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Thiết kế đồ họa Sau học xong, sinh viên hiểu thuật ngữ thơng dụng ngành Thiết kế đồ họa; vận dụng vào việc đọc viết tài liệu chuyên ngành Thông qua hoạt động học tập, sinh viên rèn luyện tính chủ động tích cực kỹ giao tiếp Giáo trình biên soạn dựa theo chương trình chi tiết học phần “Anh văn chuyên ngành Thiết kế đồ họa” Khoa Công nghệ thông tin, Trường Cao đẳng Công nghệ Thủ Đức Dù cố gắng, song giáo trình khơng tránh khỏi thiếu sót Vì vậy, mong nhận góp ý chân thành từ q đọc giả để giáo trình hồn thiện TP.HCM, ngày 11 tháng 04 năm 2020 Tham gia biên soạn Chủ biên Nguyễn Huy Hoàng i MỤC LỤC A NỘI DUNG CỦA HỌC PHẦN v UNIT 1: TYPES AND PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN SPEAKING READING SPEAKING LISTENING UNIT 2: TYPES AND PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN SPEAKING 10 WORD POWER 10 READING 12 WORD POWER 13 CASE STUDY 14 READING 15 HOMEWORK 16 UNIT 3: MEDIA AND ADVERTISING 17 LISTENING 18 WORD POWER 18 SPEAKING 19 WORD POWER 19 ii WORD POWER 21 SPEAKING 22 LISTENING 23 UNIT 4: DESIGN JOBS 24 LISTENING 25 SPEAKING 25 LISTENING 26 READING 26 WRITING 28 WRITING 36 B TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 41 iii GIÁO TRÌNH HỌC PHẦN Tên học phần: Anh văn chuyên ngành Thiết kế đồ họa Mã học phần: NNC121020 Vị trí, tính chất, ý nghĩa vai trị học phần: - Vị trí: Học phần Anh văn chuyên ngành Thiết kế đồ họa thuộc khối kiến thức chuyên ngành bắt buộc, giảng dạy học kỳ - Tính chất: Học phần cung cấp kiến thức từ vựng, ngữ pháp kỹ nghe, nói, đọc, viết tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Thiết kế đồ họa - Ý nghĩa vai trị mơn học/mơ đun: Sau học xong, sinh viên hiểu thuật ngữ thông dụng ngành Thiết kế đồ họa; vận dụng vào việc đọc viết tài liệu chuyên ngành Thông qua hoạt động học tập, sinh viên rèn luyện tính chủ động tích cực kỹ giao tiếp Mục tiêu học phần: - Về kiến thức: Khi kết thúc môn học/học phần, học sinh sinh viên có thể: • Giải thích thuật ngữ phổ biến sử dụng chuyên ngành thiết kế đồ họa; • Nắm số quy tắc việc nhận phản hồi thư điện tử tiếng Anh; - Về kỹ năng: Môn học/học phần cung cấp cho học sinh sinh viên kỹ sau đây: • Giao tiếp tiếng Anh đoạn hội thoại chuyên ngành • Đọc hiểu xác số văn chuyên ngành tiếng Anh; • Viết thư điện tử giao tiếp cơng việc tiếng Anh; • Viết CV giới thiệu thân tiếng Anh; - Về lực tự chủ trách nhiệm: iv • Thường xuyên tham gia cách chủ động tích cực vào cơng việc giao; • Tn thủ nội quy, ln hồn thành cơng việc hạn; A NỘI DUNG CỦA HỌC PHẦN v UNIT 1: TYPES AND PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Mã chương/Bài: Giới thiệu: Nội dung Unit cung cấp cho sinh viên kiến thức thuật ngữ chuyên ngành thiết kế đồ họa, liên quan đến chuyên ngành công việc thiết kế nguyên lý thiết kế Mục tiêu: Sau học xong này, sinh viên có khả năng: - Đọc hiểu tài liệu liên quan đến công việc thiết kế - Đọc nghe hiểu nguyên lý thiết kế - Thuyết trình lĩnh vực thiết kế u thích Nội dung chính: SPEAKING Work in group, choose one favorite picture from the set of pictures given by the teacher Explain your selection to the group (You may begin with “I chose this picture because …) Share your selection to the class READING The types of graphic design Graphic design uses visual compositions to solve problems and communicate ideas through typography, imagery, color and form There’s no one way to that, and that’s why there are several types of graphic design, each with their own area of specialization Though they often overlap, each type of graphic design requires specific set of skills and design techniques Many designers specialize in a single type; others focus on a set of related, similar types But because the industry is constantly changing, designers must be adaptable and lifelong learners so they can change or add specializations throughout their careers Whether you are an aspiring designer or seeking design services for your business, understanding the types of graphic design will help you find the right skills for the job Visual identity graphic design A brand is a relationship between a business or organization and its audience A brand identity is how the organization communicates its personality, tone and essence, as well as memories, emotions and experiences Visual identity graphic design is exactly that: the visual elements of brand identity that act as the face of a brand to communicate those intangible qualities through images, shapes and color Designers that specialize in visual identity graphic design collaborate with brand stakeholders to create assets like logos, typography, color palettes and image libraries that represent a brand’s personality Visual identity graphic designers must possess a general knowledge of all types of graphic design in order to create design elements that are suitable across all visual media They also need excellent communication, conceptual and creative skills, and a passion for researching industries, organizations, trends and competitors Marketing & advertising graphic design When most people think of graphic design, they think of designs created for marketing and advertising Companies depend on successful marketing efforts to tap into their target audience’s decision-making process Since people will always find visual content more engaging, graphic design helps organizations promote and communicate more effectively Marketing designers work with company owners, directors, managers or marketing professionals to create assets for marketing strategies Designers can specialize in a specific type of media (vehicle wraps or magazine ads, for example) or create a broad assortment of collateral for print, digital, and beyond Marketing Examples of Marketing graphic design Postcards and flyers Magazine and newspaper ads Posters, banners and billboards Infographics Brochures (print and digital) Vehicle wraps Signage and trade show displays Email marketing templates PowerPoint presentations Menus Social media ads, banners and graphics Banner and retargeting ads Images for websites and blogs designers need excellent communication, problem-solving and time management skills In addition to being proficient in several graphic design, layout and presentation apps, they must also be familiar with production for print and online environments Entry-level positions in this area are a great way for new designers to learn processes and acquire valuable skills and experience 3 User interface graphic design A user interface (UI) is how a user interacts with a device or application UI design is the process of designing interfaces to make them easy to use and provide a user-friendly experience In the context of graphic design, UI design focuses on the user’s visual experience and the design of on-screen graphic elements like buttons, menus, micro-interactions, and more It’s a UI designer’s job to balance aesthetic appeal with technical functionality UI designers specialize in desktop apps, mobile apps, web apps and games They work closely with UX (user experience) designers (who determine how the app works) and UI developers (who write code to make it work) UI designers must be team players backed by both serious graphic design skills and an excellent understanding of UI/UX principles, responsive design and web development In addition to graphics apps, they need knowledge of programming Examples of UI graphic design Web page design Theme design Game interfaces App design Images for websites and blogs languages like HTML, CSS and JavaScript Publication graphic design Publications are long-form pieces that communicate with an audience through public distribution They have traditionally been a print medium However, there’s recently been a significant rise in digital publishing Graphic designers that specialize in publications work with editors and publishers to create layouts with carefully selected typography and accompanying artwork, which includes photography, graphics and illustrations Publication designers may work as freelancers, as creative agency members or in-house as part of a publishing company Examples of Publication graphic design Books Newspapers Newsletters Directories Annual reports Magazines Catalogs EXPERIENCE EDUCATION SKILLS PORTFOLIO 35 AWARDS, ACCOLADES, CERTIFICATIONS Design your résumé using your draft above WRITING HOW TO WRITE AN EMAIL COVER LETTER FOR GRAPHIC DESIGNER A cover letter presents your case for why you should be hired, shows your passion for the position or company, and highlights relevant qualifications The structure for an email cover letter should include: • Email Subject Line • Addressing the Contact Person • Body section • Closing Email Subject Line: Job Title – Your Name An email subject line is required for all professional emails Subject lines with 30 or less characters tend to have higher average open rates than those with 30+ characters Therefore, keep your subject line £ 30 characters Examples: UI/UX Designer Job - Your Name Senior Designer Position - Your Name Application for Graphic Designer - Your Name 36 Addressing the Contact Person Try to determine the email recipient's name and address the letter to Ms or Mr Last name (e.g Dear Ms Wilson, Dear Mr Smith,) When you address a letter to a female employer, use the title “Ms.” unless you know for certain that she prefers another title (such as “Miss” or “Mrs.”) “Ms.” is a general title that does not denote marital status, so it works for any female employer If you have a name, but aren't sure of the person's gender, an option is to include both the first name and the last name in your salutation (e.g Dear Sydney Doe, Dear Taylor Smith,) If you can’t find a contact person at the company, use a general salutation as the following: Follow the salutation with a comma, and then on the next line start the first paragraph of your letter e.g.: Dear Hiring Manager, First paragraph of the letter 37 Body section The body section tells the hiring manager what position you are applying for and why the employer should select you for an interview As you're selling your candidacy to the reader, so it's important to be specific about your qualifications as they relate to the position The first paragraph of the body section should include information on why you are writing this letter, mention the position you are applying for and where you saw the listing and include the name of a contact, if you have one The middle paragraphs describe what you have to offer the employer You should make strong connections between your qualifications and the position requirements, mention specifically how your skills and experience match the job you are applying for You can use several shorter paragraphs or a bulleted list of your qualifications rather than one large block of text The final paragraph should conclude your cover letter by thanking the employer for considering you for the position and include information on how you will follow up, e.g.: I have attached my resume, and will call within the next week to see if we might arrange a time to speak Thank you so much for your time and consideration Closing Close your message with a professional closing like “Sincerely,” “Best regards,” or “Yours truly,” Signature Include all of your contact information: Full name, address, phone, email, LinkedIn / Behance / Pinterest URL 38 Tips: • Don’t duplicate your résumé/cover letter Every résumé/cover letter should be tailored for one particular position/company • Include keywords from the job description • Write a custom cover letter for each job application • Be concise, and write clearly • Address your cover letter to a specific person, whenever possible • Proofread and double-check spellings of names, companies, etc Make sure you’re not missing any typos or misspellings Write a cover letter to apply for the job in the reading section Subject: 39 40 PHỤ LỤC GRAPHIC DESIGN GLOSSARY OF TERMS # 4-color process – The process of combining four basic colors (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) to create a printed color picture or colors composed from the basic four colors A Airbrush A propellant using compressed air that to spray a liquid, such as paint, and ink Often used in used in illustration and photo retouching Alignment The adjustment of arrangement or position in lines of a text or an image — left, right, centered, etc Alpha Channel The process of incorporating an image with a background to create the appearance of partial transparency Alpha channels are used to create masks that allow you to confine or protect parts of an image you want to apply color, opacity, or make other changes Analog Proof (Prepress Proof) A proof that uses ink jet, toner, dyes, overlays, photographic, film, or other methods to give a an idea of what the finished product should look like Anchor Point Anchor points allow the user to manipulate a path’s shape or direction by clicking the point and moving it in a direction They appear along the beginning of a path, at every curve, and at the end of a path You can also add or subtract anchor points on a path Animated GIF A small animation based on continuous GIF images, giving the impression of movement or action Animation Generating movement by displaying a series of images using frames Art Director The individual responsible for the selection, execution, production, so on, of graphic art Artwork In graphic design usage, all matter other than text material, such as illustrations and photographs Asymmetrical This is when graphics and/or text are not identical on both sides of a central line B Bad Break Refers to widows or orphans in text copy; any break that causes awkward reading Bar The horizontal or vertical line drawn through a grapheme (unit of writing, such as a letter) Sometimes added to distinguish one grapheme from another Baseline An imaginary line upon which letters sit and descenders extend below the baseline Bevel A tool in design software for drawing angles or modifying the surface of your work to a certain inclination Bezier Curve A parametric curve that represents a vector path in computer graphics They are frequently drawn using a pen tool and by placing anchor points which can be controlled to form shapes or lines Bitmap A bit map (often spelled “bitmap”) defines a display space and the color for each pixel or “bit” in the display space A GIF and a JPEG are examples of graphic image file types that contain bit maps • A bit map does not need to contain a bit of colorcoded information for each pixel on every row It only needs to contain enough information indicating a new color as the display scans along a row Thus, an image with much solid color will tend to require a small bit map • Because a bit map uses a fixed or raster graphics method of specifying an image, the image cannot be immediately rescaled by a user without losing definition A vector graphics graphic image, however, is designed to be quickly rescaled Typically, an image is created using vector graphics and then, when the artist is satisfied with the image, it is converted to (or saved as) a raster graphic file or bit map Bleed When a graphic object extends through another in an unwanted manner It is then trimmed so there is no chance for a white line on the edges Bind To fasten sheets or signatures with wire, thread, glue, or by other means Blueline A blue photographic proof used to check position of all page elements Body The main text of a work not including headlines Body Type The typeface used in the main text of a printed matter Border The decorative design or edge of a surface, line, or area that forms it’s outer boundary Branding The process involved in creating a unique name and image for a product in the consumers‘ mind, mainly through advertising campaigns with a consistent theme C Canvas Size Allows you to change the complete size of the document without adjusting the contents of the document Camera-ready Print-ready artwork and text Clipping Path A tool or shape that’s used to cut out an image 41 Cloning Pixels A function that allows you to replicate pixels from one place to another CMYK Stands for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Key color (aka — black); this color model (also called process color, four color) is a subtractive color model used in color printing Collate To gather separate sections of a book or publication together in the correct order for binding Color Palette A set of colors that make up the total range of colors used in graphic computers Comp (Comprehensive) Comps are made to see what the initial design project will look like before it’s printed, showing the layout of the text and illustrations Complementary Colors The colors that are opposite of each other when viewed on the color wheel Contrast The difference in color found between the light and dark parts of an image Copy Copy refers to editorial text supplied for incorporation into a design or website copyright The right of copyright gives protection to the originator of material to prevent use without express permission or acknowledgement of the originator Crop A tool that removes portions of an image It is usually used in digital photography D Descender The part of a lowercase letter that stretches below the body Deadline A set time by which something must be finished Design – To conceive of and plan by means of sketches or drawings Also, the arrangement of text and artwork on a page Die Cut A die that cut shapes or holes in different materials to make the design stand out Dingbat An ornament used in typesetting to add space around an image or a symbol Dodge This is when you lighten or reduce part of an image by shading Dot Gain When the ink hits the paper, it is absorbered and it somewhat spreads out Double Page Spread A double page spread is a layout that extends across two pages DPI (Dots Per Inch) A term to describe the measure of sharpness within an image Drop cap A large initial letter at the start of the text that drops into the line or lines of text below Drop Shadow Is a visual effect added to an image to give the impression the image is raised above the background by duplicating the shadow Dummy A prototype or mock-up of a book, page, or any project designed to resemble and serve as a substitute for the real thing Duotone A method of printing an image using two colors, usually black and a spot color E Ear The rounded part of the lowercase letters such as ‘g’ and ‘q’ Element Any distinct part of a layout such as the logo, headline, images, or borders Embedding Process of transferring all the data of a font or image into the file itself Emboss To give a three-dimensional effect to a text or an image by using highlights and shadows on the sides of the illustration Engraving To print designs by cutting the surface of a metal plate EPS Stands for Encapsulated Post Script This is a graphics file format used to transfer PostScript documents that contain an image, within another PostScript document Etch To imprint a design onto the surface of a plate by using a chemical such as acid Export To save a file in a format supported by other programs Extenders The part of a letter which extends above the mid line, such as ‘b’ or ‘d’ E-Zine Stands for electronic magazine Refers to the name of a website that is represented by a print magazine; an web-based magazine that you can subscribe to F Feathering A tool used in graphic design software that makes the edges of an image appear softer Fill A tool used to fill selected parts of an image with a selected color Filter A filter is a pre-created effect that can be applied to images to acquire a certain look Flexography A printing technique where printing plates are made of rubber or soft plastic material and then stretched around a drum on the press that rotates Flyer A single sheet of paper handed out or posted on a wall to advertise or announce something Flush left Copy aligned along the left margin (see ragged right) Flush right Copy aligned along the right margin (see ragged left) 42 Flyer (or flier) An inexpensively produced circular used for promotional distribution term used for all activities relating to visual design, including web design, logo design, etc Foamcore – A lightweight mounting material consisting of a layer of stiff foam sandwiched between sheets of paperboard Graphics Visual presentations that feature printed messages that are clear and appealing Focal Point In graphic design terms, the focal point is where you want to draw the reader’s or viewer’s eye Font A complete combination of characters created in a specific type, style, and size The set of characters in a font entails the letter set, the number set, and all of the special characters and marks you get when pressing the shift key or other command keys on your keyboard • An outline font is a software typeface that can generate a scalable range of font sizes A bitmap font is a digital representation of a font that is already fixed in size or a limited set of sizes The two most popular outline font software programs on today’s computers are TrueType and Adobe’s Type TrueType fonts come with both Windows and Macintosh operating systems Both TrueType and Type fonts can be used by Adobe’s PostScript printers Four-Color Process A printing technique that creates colors by combining, cyan, magenta, yellow, and black Frames Refers to animation A frame is a single graphic in a distribution of graphic images The speed of an animation is judged by frames per second G Grayscale Grayscale images consist of black, white, no color, and up to 256 shades of gray Grid Is a two-dimensional format made up of a set of horizontal and vertical axes used to structure content Gutter In book production, the white space formed by the inner margins of a spread near the books spine Halftone (1) A photograph or scan of a consistent tone image to alter the image into halftone dots (2) A photograph or continuous-tone illustration that has been halftoned and that is displayed on film, paper, printing plate, or the final printed product H Halo Effect A vague shadow sometimes surrounding halftone dots printed Also called halation The halo itself is called a fringe Halftone Converting a continuous tone to dots for printing Hard Copy The permanent reproduction of the output of a computer or printer For example: teleprinter pages, continuous printed tapes, computer printouts, etc Header The text which appears at the top of a printed page Headline A large text illustrating the opening statement used in a layout Gang To combine multiple jobs on one print plate in order to reduce costs and setup charges Highlights Lightest part of a photograph or halftone, as opposed to mid-tones and shadows Gamut The range of colors available to a particular output device or a given color space, such as a laser printer or an image setter If the color range is too wide for that specific device, it is indicated as ‘out of gamut’ High-Resolution Image An image with an extreme level of sharpness/clarity Gatefold A type of fold in which the paper is folded inward to form four or more panels GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) GIF images display up to 256 colors It supports animation and allows an individual palette of 256 color for each frame The color limitation makes the GIF format inappropriate for reproducing color photographs and other images with consistent color GIF images are compressed using the LZW lossless data compression method to decrease the size of the file without corrupting the visual quality Gradient A function in graphic software that permits the user to fill an object or image with a smooth transition of colors Graphic Design Visual communication using text or images to represent an idea or concept It is also a HLS A color space for hue, lightness, and saturation that stands HSB A color space stands for hue, saturation, and brightness Hue One of the three primary attributes of color A hue is a variety of color such as red, blue, green, or yellow I I-beam The form the pointer assumes when the text tool is chosen Ideograph (also ideogram) A character or symbol representing an idea without expressing the punctuation of a specific word or words for it Illustration A picture, diagram, or chart serving to clarify, explain, or decorate Image Map An image map is an HTML document containing multiple clickable hyperlinks 43 Imagesetter Laser output device for producing professional-quality text with extremely high resolution Lossy A form of data compression where detail is deleted as the file size is decreased JPEG is an example of a lossy compression method Imposition A layout of pages on mechanicals or flats so they will appear in proper order after press sheets are folded and bound Lower Case The smaller form of letter used in type Indents A set in or back from the margin Initial Cap Big, capital letters which are found at the beginning of paragraphs or chapters Inkjet Printer A printer that electrostatically sprays tiny ink droplets onto paper Invert Inversion of the tonal values or colors of an image On an inverted image, black becomes white, blue becomes orange, etc Italic The style of letters that usually slope to the right Used for emphasis within text J Jog To arrange sheets of paper into a compact pile JPEG (Joint Photographic Electronic Group) A common process for compressing digital images Justify To make a line of type a certain length by spacing out the words and numbers K Kerning Modifying the horizontal space between letters Keyframe Any frame in which a specific aspect of an item (its size, location, color, etc.) is specifically defined Keyline A keyline is another name for a rule, line, or even a frame border Keyline options can be set through design software applications to adjust the width, to be solid or dotted, or to show different patterns L Laminate To cover with film; to bond or glue one surface to another Layers A tool within graphic software that permits the user to gather, organize, and re-edit their artwork Leading Refers to the amount of added vertical spacing between lines of text Leaf One piece of paper in a publication Legend A table inside a project that lists vital illustrations or instructions; footnote that helps users better understand information Letterpress A technique of printing where movable type is inked and then pressed against paper to create an impression Also called block printing Lossless Refers to a form of data compression where the detail is maintained and no data is lost after file downsizing The lossless compression method is often used in TIFF and GIF formats Low-Resolution Image A low-quality scan made from a photograph or the like LPI Abbreviation for lines per inch The number of rows of dots per inch in a halftone Luminosity The brightness of an area arranged by the amount of light it reflects or diffuses M Magic Wand Tool A tool in graphic software that permits the user to select fractions of an image such as areas with the same color Margins Guidelines in a page layout software that shows a user the body copy areas It also allows the user to indicate the dimensions Margins are not supposed to be printed Mask See clipping path Master Page A property found in a page layout software that allows the user to create a constant page layout Repeating elements—like page numbers—are created once on a master This permits the user to stay clear of adding the numbers for each page manually Matte Finish Non-glossy finish on photographic paper or coated printing paper Mean Line Also called x-height The imaginary point of all lowercase characters without ascenders Midtones In a photograph or illustration, tones composed by dots between 30 percent and 70 percent of coverage, as opposed to highlights and shadows Mock Up A recreation of the original printed material; could possibly contain instructions or directions Modern An altered version of Old Style these highcontrast letters have heavy, untapered stems and light serifs Originally established by Firmin Didot and Giambattista Bodoni during the late 18th to early 19th centuries Mount To attach materials to a support for display Multimedia Offering the use of various communications such as text, sound, and still or moving images N Negative Space Also known as white space The area of a page that doesn’t contain images or words Neon Glow A type of glow on a graphic image that gives the appearance of neon lighting News Print Paper used in printing newspapers; not considered a high-quality paper 44 Noise Noise is a term used to describe the development of pixels that contain random colors O Oblique A Roman typeface which slants to the right Often confused with italics Offset Printing A printing method that transfers ink from a plate to a blanket to paper as opposed to directly inking from plate to paper Old Style A style of type characterized by slight contrast between light and heavy strokes and slanting serif Opacity The degree of a color or tonal value The opacity of an image or object that can range from transparent (0% opacity) to opaque (100% opacity) The ability to edit the opacity of specific objects allows the designer to create images that seem to flow into and through one another OpenType A font format created by Adobe and Microsoft Open Type font can include a set of glyphs defined as True Type or Type curves Orphan Line The first line of a paragraph appearing on its own at the bottom on a page with the remaining part of the paragraph appearing on the next page Outline This can refer to the outside edge of a font or the outer edge of a vector graphic image drawn in a package such as Illustrator or Freehand Overlay Layer of material taped to a mechanical photo or proof Acetate overlays are used to divide colors by having some type or art on them instead of on the mounting board Tissue overlays are used to carry instructions about the underlying copy and to protect the base art colors It accommodates designers with swatches of over 700 colors and gives printers the formulas for making those colors PDF Stands for Portable Document Format Developed by Adobe Systems in its software program, Adobe Acrobat, to serve as a universal browser Files can be downloaded over the web and viewed page by page, provided the user’s computer has installed the application Perfect binding – A common method of binding paperback books After the printed sections have been collated, the spines will be ground off and the cover glued on Pica A unit of measurement for type Commonly used for typewriters Pixel The smallest picture content that can be individually assigned a color Plate A piece of paper, metal, plastic, or rubber carrying an image to be duplicated using a printing press PNG Portable Network Graphics format PNG (usually pronounced “ping”), is used for lossless compression The PNG format displays images without jagged edges while keeping file sizes rather small, making them popular on the web PNG files are generally larger than GIF files Point – For paper, a unit of thickness equaling 1/1000 inch For typesetting, a unit of height equaling 1/72 inch Page Layout Deals with the setup and style of content on a page An example of a page layout is the pages in magazines or brochures Postscript – Postscript is a programming language that describes the appearance of a printed page It was developed by Adobe in 1985 and has become an industry standard for printing and imaging All major printer manufacturers make printers that contain or can be loaded with Postscript software, which also runs on all major operating system platforms A Postscript file can be identified by its “.ps” suffix • Postscript describes the text and graphic elements on a page to a black-and-white or color printer or other output device, such as a slide recorder, imagesetter, or screen display Postscript handles industry-standard, scalable typeface in the Type and TrueType formats Users can convert Postscript files to the Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) using Adobe Acrobat PDF files present the document’s printed appearance on a display screen Page proof – The stage after a galley proof, in which a page is made up and paginated PMS – Abbreviation for Pantone Color Matching System Page Size A setting that allows the user to define the size of the page they are creating their artwork on PPI Pixels Per Inch A measurement of the resolution of a computer display Pagination – The numbering of pages in a book Prepress The preparation of digital files for printing Pantone – A registered name for an ink color matching system (see PMS) Primary Colors The primary colors are put together to produce the full range of other colors (nonprimary colors), within a color model The primary colors for the additive color model is red, green, and Overprint To print additional material or another color over a previously printed image Over Run Additional printed material beyond order Over run policy differs in the printing industry, usually within 10% of the original quantity run P Page count – Total number of pages in a book including blanks Pantone Matching System The Pantone matching system is used for defining and blending match 45 blue The primary colors for the subtractive color model is cyan, magenta, and yellow Right Justified Type aligned with its right margin Also known as “flush right.” Q RIP (Raster Image Processor) Transfers fonts and graphics into raster images, which are used by the printer to draw onto the page Quark Express Quark Express is page layout application usually used for magazines and brochures Quick Mask A filter in Photoshop in which a translucent colored mask covers selective areas of an image Quick Time QuickTime was developed by Apple Computer It’s built into the Macintosh operating system computers and is used for displaying and editing animation R Ragged The imbalanced alignment of text lines Ragged is the opposite of flush A text block may be formatted to be evenly flush (align) right and unevenly aligned (ragged) on the left Raster graphics Raster graphics are digital images created or captured (for example, by scanner in a photo) as a set of samples of a given space A raster is a grid of x and y coordinates on a display face (and for three-dimensional images, a z coordinate) A raster image file identifies which of these coordinates to illuminate in monochrome or color values The raster file is sometimes referred to as a bitmap because it contains information that is directly mapped to the display grid • A raster file is usually larger than a vector graphics image file A raster file is usually difficult to modify without loss of information Examples of raster image file types are: BMP, TIFF, GIF, and JPEG files Rasterize An image is said to be rasterized when transformed from vector image to a bitmapped image When opening a vector image in a bitmapbased editing program, you are generally presented with a dialog box of options for rasterizing the image Resample A function accessible in image editing that permits the user to change the resolution of the image while keeping its pixel count intact Resolution The resolution of an image is an important factor in deciding the attainable output quality The higher the resolution of an image, the less pixelated it will be and the curves of the image will appear smoother Reverse out To reproduce as a white image out of a solid background RGB (Red, Green, Blue) RGB is the color model used to project color on a computer monitor By combining these three colors, a large percentage of the visible color spectrum can be represented Rich Media Rich media are banner ads that use technology more developed than standard GIF animation For example: Flash, Shockwave, streaming video, etc Rivers A river is a typographic term for the ugly white gaps that can appear in justified columns of type when there is too much space between words on concurrent lines of text Rivers are particularly common in narrow columns of text, where the type size is relatively large Royalty-Free Photos Intellectual property like photos and graphic images that are sold for a single standard fee These can be used repeatedly by the purchaser only, but the company that sold the images usually still owns all the rights to it S Saddle stitching A method of binding where the folded pages are stitched through the spine from the outside using wire staples Sans Serif A style of typeface that means “without feet.” Usual sans serif typefaces include Arial, Helvetica, AvantGarde, and Verdana Saturation The intensity of hue The quality of difference from a gray of the same lightness or brightness Scale A design or program is said to scale if it is relevantly efficient and reasonable when applied to larger situations Scanner A digitizing device that uses light sensitivity to translate a picture or typed text into a pattern of dots which can be understood and stored by a computer Score A crease put into paper to help it fold better Screen Printing Technique of printing by using a squeegee to force ink through an assembly of mesh fabric and a stencil Selection Selection refers to an area of an image that is isolated so it can be edited while the rest of the image is protected Serif In typography, a small cross stroke at the end of the main stroke of a letter Shadow Detail Shadow detail refers to the amount of detail held in the dark areas of an image If the shadow is lightened too much in an attempt to expose more detail, you run the risk of reducing the overall contrast of the image Sharpen To reduce in color strength, as when halftone dots become smaller; opposite of “thicken” or “dot spread.” Signature A sheet of printed pages which when folded becomes a part of a book or publication 46 Small Caps Capital letters that are about the same height as the tvpeface’s x-height Some software programs automatically create their own small caps, but true small caps are often only found in expert typefaces Spine – The binding edge of a book or publication Spot varnish Varnish used to highlight a specific part of the printed sheet Spread (1) Two pages that face each other and are created as one visual or production unit (2) Method of slightly enlarging the size of an image to make a hairline trap with another image Also called fatty Subtractive Color A term defining the three subtractive primary colors: cyan, magenta, and yellow As opposed to the three additive colors: red, blue, and green T Template Refers to a printing project’s basic details with regard to its dimensions A general layout Text The written or printed material which forms the main body of a publication Text Wrap A term used in page layout software, specifically to the way text can be shaped around the edges of images Thumbnail A thumbnail is a reduced-size version of the original image TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) A graphic file format used for storing images TIFF is a commonly used file format for high color depth images Tint A color is made lighter by adding white, this is called a tint Tolerance Tolerance is the range of pixels a tool in graphic software functions in Or the range of shade or color pixels a Magic Wand selects, etc Tonal Distribution Tones can be redistributed during the scanning or image editing process To lighten dark images or to darken light images Trim Size The size of the printed material in its finished stage True Color System A true color system is a 24plane graphics sub-system which composes the entire range of 16.7 million colors Typeface A typeface consists of a series of fonts and a full range of characters such as, numbers, letters, marks, and punctuation Typesetting The process of setting material in type or into a form to be used in printing Also, the process of producing graphic matter (as through a computer system) Typography The art of arranging type—which includes letters, numbers, and symbols—so that it is pleasing to the eye This includes not only the font that is used but how it is arranged on the page: letter by letter, size, line spacing, etc U Uncoated Paper This is paper that doesn’t have a coating applied to it for smoothness Unsharp Mask A method used to heighten the sharpness or focus of images by selecting and increasing the contrast of pixels alongside the edges of images Uppercase Also known as capital letters, they are the larger characters in a typeface UV Coating A glossy coating applied to the paper surface and dried using ultraviolet light It is glossy and adds a certain level of protection to the printed material V Value This refers to the degree of lightness or darkness of a color Varnish This is a liquid coating applied to a surface for protection and for a glossy effect Vector Graphic Vector graphics is the creation of digital images through a sequence of commands or mathematical statements that place lines and shapes in a given two-dimensional or three-dimensional space In physics, a vector is a representation of both a quantity and a direction at the same time In vector graphics, the file that results from a graphic artist’s work is created and saved as a sequence of vector statements For example, instead of containing a bit in the file for each bit of a line drawing, a vector graphic file describes a series of points to be connected One result is a much smaller file • At some point, a vector image is converted into a raster graphics image, which maps bits directly to a display space (and is sometimes called a bitmap) The vector image can be converted to a raster image file prior to its display so that it can be ported between systems • A vector file is sometimes called a geometric file Most images created with tools such as Adobe Illustrator, Free-Hand, or CorelDraw, are in the form of vector image files Vector image files are easier to modify than raster image files (which can, however, sometimes be reconverted to vector files for further refinement) Verso The left-hand page of a book or a manuscript W Watermark Translucent design impressed on paper created during manufacture, it is visible when held to light Web-Safe Colors A color table containing only 216 out of a possible 256 colors, used to accurately match the colors of graphics and pictures in cross-platform web browsers Weight The range of a stroke’s width Also knows as semi-bold, light, and bold Some typeface families 47 have many weights like ultra-bold and extra-light Associated to the heaviness of the stroke for a specific font, such as Light, Regular, Book, Demi, Heavy, Black, and Extra Bold White Point One of a handful of reference illuminants used to define the color “white” Based on the application, different definitions of white are needed to give sufficient results White Point Adjustment A white point adjustment establishes the amount of highlighted detail in an image Widow Line A single line of a paragraph at the bottom of a page or column Width Refers to whether the basic typeface has been lengthened or compressed horizontally The typical variations are Condensed, Normal, or Extended Word Processing Program A software application package that assists in creating, editing, and printing Work and Turn This is when you print on one side of a sheet of paper, then you turn the sheet over from left to right and print the other side The same gripper and plate are used for this process WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get This is an approximate screen representation of what the final printed image will look like X X-Height This is the height of the lowercase letters that not have ascenders or decenders, such as a, c, e and mm Y Yellow One of the subtractive primary colors of CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) that is used in four-color process inks Z Zip Stands for Zone Information Protocol: This is a way of compressing files into a smaller size, so they can be transferred with more ease over the Internet or any other means Zoom Most design software lets you zoom in or out on an image to get a closer or farther away look Zooming in is especially useful when photo retouching or working on tiny details 48 B TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO [1] Hana Atcheson, Helena Janasová, Tereza Skořepová, English for Art, Design and Multimedia, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, 2011 [2] M J Cann, “The types of graphic design,” 02-Mar-2018 [Online] Available: https://99designs.com/blog/tips/types-of-graphic-design/ [Accessed: 19-Jun-2020] [3] A Kurtuy, “Graphic Designer Resume Sample & Guide [21+ Examples],” Novorésumé, 05-Jun-2020 [Online] Available: https://novoresume.com/careerblog/graphic-designer-resume [Accessed: 19-Jun-2020] [4] Claire Manlapas, “Graphic Design ABCs: A Glossary of Basic Design Terms,” Ucreative, 21-Dec-2018 [Online] Available: https://www.ucreative.com/resources/design-terms/ [Accessed: 16-Jul-2020] [5] F Graphics, “Graphic design glossary of terms,” FolgerGraphics, 2018 [Online] Available: http://www.folgergraphics.com/ [Accessed: 16-Jul-2020] 49 ... phần Anh văn chuyên ngành Thiết kế đồ họa thuộc khối kiến thức chuyên ngành bắt buộc ngành Thiết kế đồ họa Học phần cung cấp kiến thức từ vựng, ngữ pháp kỹ nghe, nói, đọc, viết tiếng Anh chuyên ngành. .. iii GIÁO TRÌNH HỌC PHẦN Tên học phần: Anh văn chuyên ngành Thiết kế đồ họa Mã học phần: NNC121020 Vị trí, tính chất, ý nghĩa vai trị học phần: - Vị trí: Học phần Anh văn chuyên ngành Thiết kế đồ. .. tiếp Giáo trình biên soạn dựa theo chương trình chi tiết học phần ? ?Anh văn chuyên ngành Thiết kế đồ họa? ?? Khoa Công nghệ thông tin, Trường Cao đẳng Công nghệ Thủ Đức Dù cố gắng, song giáo trình