Luận văn thạc sĩ a contrastive analysis of the metaphor anger is heat in english and the possible equivalent expressions in vietnamese

Output file 1 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES  LƯU THỊ HẢI VÂN A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE METAPHOR “ANGER IS[.]

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES  LƯU THỊ HẢI VÂN A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE METAPHOR “ANGER IS HEAT” IN ENGLISH AND THE POSSIBLE EQUIVALENT EXPRESSIONS IN VIETNAMESE (PHÂN TÍCH ÐỐI CHIẾU BIỂU THỨC ẨN DỤ “ANGER IS HEAT” (SỰ TỨC GIẬN LÀ NHIỆT) TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ CÁC BIỂU THỨC TƯƠNG ÐƯƠNG TRONG TIẾNG VIỆT) Thesis Summary Field: English Linguistics Code: 60.22.15 HANOI - 2012 z VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES  LƯU THỊ HẢI VÂN A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE METAPHOR “ANGER IS HEAT” IN ENGLISH AND THE POSSIBLE EQUIVALENT EXPRESSIONS IN VIETNAMESE (PHÂN TÍCH ÐỐI CHIẾU BIỂU THỨC ẨN DỤ “ANGER IS HEAT” (SỰ TỨC GIẬN LÀ NHIỆT) TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ CÁC BIỂU THỨC TƯƠNG ÐƯƠNG TRONG TIẾNG VIỆT) M.A MINOR THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60.22.15 Course: M.A 19 Supervisor: Associate Professor VÕ ÐẠI QUANG, Ph.D HANOI - 2012 z Tables of contents Part A: Introduction………………………………………………… Rationale……………………………………………………………… Aims and objectives of the study…………………………………… Research questions………………………………………………… Scope of the study…………………………………………………… Methodology………………………………………………………… 5.1 Principles governing the research………………………………… 5.1.1 Principles governing the choice of research type………………… 5.1.2 Data-related issues……………………………………………… 5.2 Methods of the study……………………………………………… 5.2.1 Major methods and supporting methods………………………… 5.2.2 Data collection instruments……………………………………… 5.2.3 Data analysis techniques………………………………………… Structure of the thesis………………………………………………… Part B: Development Chapter 1: Literature Review………………………………………… 1.1 Review of the previous studies……………………………………… 1.2 Theoretical background……………………………………………… 1.2.1 Traditional approach to metaphors………………………………… 1.2.1.1 Substitution theory……………………………………………… 1.2.1.2 Comparison theory……………………………………………… 1.2.2 Cognitive approach to metaphors………………………………… 1.2.2.1 What is a conceptual metaphor? 1.2.2.2 Metaphorical mapping…………………………………………… 1.2.2.3 Structure of a conceptual metaphor…………………………… 1.2.2.4 Types of conceptual metaphors………………………………… 1.2.2.4.1 Structural metaphors………………………………………… 1.2.2.4.2 Orientational metaphors……………………………………… 1.2.2.4.3 Ontological metaphors………………………………………… 1.2.2.4.4 Conduit metaphors…………………………………………… 1.2.2.5 Metaphorical entailment………………………………………… 1.2.3 The role of conceptual metaphors in description of emotions…… 1.2.4 Summary…………………………………………………… z Page 1 1 2 2 3 3 5 6 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 14 Chapter 2: A contrastive Analysis of the Metaphor “Anger is Heat” in English and the Possible Equivalent expression in Vietnamese 2.1 The cognitive basis of the metaphor “Anger is Heat” in English and in Vietnamese…………………………………………………………… 2.1.1 The cognitive basis of the English metaphor “Anger is Heat” … 2.1.2 The cognitive basis of the equivalent metaphor “Anger is Heat” in Vietnamese………………………………………………………………… 2.2 The metaphor “Anger is Heat” in English and the equivalent in Vietnamese……………………………………………………………… 2.2.1 The version “Anger is the Heat of a Hot Fluid in a Container” in English and the Vietnamese equivalent……………………………… 2.2.1.1 The entailment “Increase in the intensity of anger is the rising of the fluid”………………………………………………………………… 2.2.1.2 The entailment “Intense anger produces steam and pressure on the container”…………………………………………………………… 2.2.1.3 The entailment “When anger becomes too intense, the person explodes”………………………………………………………………… 2.2.1.4 The entailment “When a person explodes, parts of him go up in the air”…………………………………………………………………… 2.2.1.5 The entailment “When a person explodes what was inside him comes out………………………………………………………………… 2.2.2 The English version “Anger is Fire” and the Vietnamese equivalent………………………………………………………………… 2.3 Explanation for the differences of the metaphor “Anger is Heat” in English and in Vietnamese……………………………………………… 2.4 Summary……………………………………………………… Part C: Conclusion…………………………………………………… Recapitulation………………………………………………………… Concluding remarks………………………………………………… Suggestions for further studies…………………………………… … References………………………………………………………………… z 15 15 15 16 18 18 20 22 23 25 26 27 31 34 35 35 35 36 38 PART A: INTRODUCTION Rationale It is common knowledge that metaphors, especially conceptual metaphors are not only an effective device for representing the world outside language but also a tool for thinking, speaking and acting According to Ortony (1975) there are at least three communicative functions that metaphor might perform Lakoff and Johnson (1980:3) state that “metaphor is pervasive in everyday life, not just in language but in thought and action” and “our conceptual system is largely metaphorical, then the way we think, what we experience, and what we every day is very much a matter of metaphor.” During my study, I have been interested in metaphors especially conceptual metaphors for emotions; therefore I choose conceptual metaphors as my thesis topic Of many everyday conceptual metaphorical expressions I would like to take a careful study on the conceptual metaphor “Anger is Heat” “Anger” is one of abstract concepts of people’s emotions that are highly used in English and in Vietnamese How is this metaphor used differently in the two languages? These are the main reasons for my study “A Contrastive Analysis of the Metaphor “Anger is Heat” in English and the Possible Equivalent Expressions in Vietnamese” Aims and objectives of the study The study tries to: - give a systematic account of the theoretical background on conceptual metaphors - make explicit the similarities and differences between the English metaphor “Anger is Heat” and the possible equivalent expressions in Vietnamese - propose implications for teaching metaphors Research questions The objectives mentioned above can be elaborated into the following research questions: z - What are similarities and differences in regard to how the English metaphor “Anger is Heat” and the Vietnamese equivalent are perceived? - What causes the differences in cognitive mechanism of this metaphor between the two languages? - What are the possible recommendations for teaching English metaphors? Scope of the study In this thesis, I only work on the metaphor “Anger is Heat” in English and the possible equivalents in Vietnamese to work out the contrast of cognitive model/ mechanism and to give explanation for the differences in the metaphor usage between the two languages Methodology of the study 5.1 Principles governing the research 5.1.1 Principles governing the choice of research type This study is intended to provide an overview and a contrastiveness of the metaphor “Anger is Heat” in English and the Vietnamese equivalent To achieve the aims, the type of research chosen is basic research A combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches is employed with priority given to qualitative analysis The qualitative method is used to describe and analyze the common and distinctive features of the metaphor “Anger is Heat” in English and the equivalent expressions in Vietnamese 5.1.2 Data-related issues The researcher examines different samples containing metaphorical expressions belonging to the central conceptual metaphor “Anger is Heat” from books, previous studies, novels, stories, and the Internet in both English and Vietnamese Then the commonly used metaphorical expressions are selected to be analyzed The samples are authentic sources of data Research procedure follows the research design and principles strictly So the validity and the reliability of the study can be guaranteed z 5.2 Methods of the study 5.2.1 Major methods and supporting methods The study has been carried out with the combination of different methods The major method employed in this thesis is contrastive analysis to compare and contrast mechanism of the metaphor “Anger is Heat” in the two languages The intended instrumental language herein assumed is Vietnamese and the target language is English Besides, the descriptive method is used as supporting one 5.2.2 Data collection instruments Document analysis and observation are employed as data collection instruments Document analysis is used to seek instances of the metaphor “Anger is Heat” in English and the Vietnamese equivalents in books, previous studies, novels, and on the Internet The observation technique is used to enhance qualitative analysis of the established details related to cognitive mechanism in the specified area of research 5.2.3 Data analysis techniques After being collected, the data are analyzed by using the following techniques: - Classifying the samples collected into two sub-versions of the central metaphor “Anger is Heat” based on the corresponding source domains - Systematizing is used to categorize the samples into metaphorical entailments in accordance with their meanings - Inferring the similarities and differences of the metaphor “Anger is Heat” in English and the possible equivalents in Vietnamese Structure of the thesis The paper is divided into three parts as follows: Part A is “Introduction” This part gives a brief account of the rationale of the study, the aims of the study, the scope of the study, the methods of the study, and the thesis structure Part B is “Development” This part consists of two chapters Chapter one is “Literature Review” This chapter provides the background for the study Chapter two, “A Contrastive Analysis of the Metaphor “Anger is Heat” in English and the 10 z Possible Equivalent Expressions in Vietnamese”, provides a contrastive analysis of the English metaphor “Anger is Heat” and the Vietnamese equivalents Part C, “Conclusion”, provides a recapitulation of the main points raised, concluding remarks on each of the objectives, and suggestions for further studies 11 z PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER ONE: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Review of the previous studies As far as I know, so far there have been three major works related to the theme of this research Following are the major pieces of information about them: First of all is Gorge Lakoff and Mark Johnson’s “Metaphor We Live By” in 1980 This is one of the first studies about conceptual metaphors This book is an important basis of myriad of studies later In this book, the two authors point out that metaphors are not just matters of language, but are used extensively in reasoning and understanding Typically, an abstract domain is understood metaphorically in terms of a more concrete domain To a large degree, they argue, the human conceptual system is metaphorical This is very different from the classical model of metaphor, which claims that metaphors are artifacts of language use, and have nothing to with meaning or understanding This study is the main theoretical basis for my study The second is the research “The Cognitive Model of Anger Inherent in American English” of Gorge Lakoff and Zoltan Kovecses (1983) In this research, the authors give basis of the cognitive model of anger in English as well as examples of a system of metaphorical expressions for anger From this work I chose the central metaphor “Anger is Heat” for contrastive analysis with the equivalents in Vietnamese The third is “Ẩn Dụ Về Sự Tức Giận Và Niềm Vui Trong Tiếng Anh Và tiếng Việt” by Trần Bá Tiến (2009) In this study, the author gives a brief account of metaphorical expressions for anger and happiness in English and In Vietnamese The central metaphor “Anger is Heat” is the most general metaphor which is pervasive in both English and Vietnamese Of all previous studies that I have read, there has not been any one which makes a contrastive analysis of this metaphor in English and the possible equivalent expressions in Vietnamese This inspired me to make a contrastive analysis of this metaphor in the two languages 12 z 1.2 Theoretical background 1.2.1 Traditional approach to metaphors Put very generally, there are two main approaches in the study of metaphor: the traditional approach and the cognitive approach The traditional approach encompasses many different theories but shares some fundamental presumptions The traditional theory of metaphor dates back to Aristotle’s view that metaphor is "the application of an alien name by transference" (350 BC b [1950]: par.4 cited from Koller (2003)) and the following are the most important views of metaphor within this approach: 1.2.1.1 Substitution theory The substitution theory describes metaphors as expressions, which are simply substitutes for literal expressions (Black: 1955) Thus, for example, the speaker who uses the metaphorical expression “He is a fox” could, according to the substitution view, have used a literal expression “He is cunning” that means the same The word "fox" in this case communicates something that could have been expressed literally and the metaphor here is simply used in a novel or poetic way to decorate and embellish one's speech The substitution view implies that metaphorical expression performs no greater function than to please and amuse readers or listeners The problem with this view is that a metaphor may evoke a large number of connotations and it would be difficult to paraphrase them all; and paraphrasing of a metaphorical expression cannot present all the meanings that the original metaphorical expression has (Ohkura: 2003) 1.2.1.2 Comparison theory The comparison view is one of the most popular dualistic theories of metaphor According to comparison theory, metaphor is grounded in the similarity existing between two concepts involved in it, so metaphor is considered to be an implicit comparison between principal subject and subsidiary subject, Black (1955), Hoang Tat Truong (1993) On such a view, the interpretation of a metaphor is a matter of 13 z ... this thesis is contrastive analysis to compare and contrast mechanism of the metaphor ? ?Anger is Heat? ?? in the two languages The intended instrumental language herein assumed is Vietnamese and the. .. in Vietnamese How is this metaphor used differently in the two languages? 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