IMPLICATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY - Du lịch tuần hoàn

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI VÀ NHÂN VĂN KHOA DU LỊCH HỌC IMPLICATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY Họ và tên Nguyễn Ngọc Thiện Lớp K65 Quản trị Khách sạn Mã sinh viên 20031551 Giáo vi.

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI VÀ NHÂN VĂN KHOA DU LỊCH HỌC IMPLICATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY Họ tên : Nguyễn Ngọc Thiện Lớp : K65 Quản trị Khách sạn Mã sinh viên : 20031551 Giáo viên hướng dẫn : TS Bùi Nhật Quỳnh Hà Nội - 2022 Table of content CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Reason for writing 1.1.1 Practical reason 1.1.2 Theoretical reason 1.2 Objectives and mission of the study 1.3 Subject and range of the study 1.4 Research methods 1.5 The study contribution 1.6 Structure of the study CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Tourism and sustainability 2.1.1 Definition 2.1.2 Energy use and emission 2.1.3 Waste production 2.1.4 Water usage 2.2 Circular economy (CE) 2.2.1 Definition of CE 2.2.2 Principles of CE 10 2.2.3 Flow of material in CE 10 2.2.4 Similarities and difference between sustainability and CE 11 2.3 CE implementation 12 2.3.1 Business models 13 2.3.2 Climate crisis and material shortage 14 2.3.3 Social and economic benefit 14 2.3.4 Drivers and barriers of CE 15 CHAPTER 3: CE IMPLEMENTATION IN TOURISM 16 3.1 Tourism and CE 16 3.1.1 Necessity of CE in tourism 17 3.1.2 Transition to circular tourism 19 3.1.3 Tourism value chain 22 3.1.4 Challenges of implementing CE in tourism .23 3.2 Circular tourism in Vietnam 26 3.2.1 The current situation in Vietnam .27 3.2.2 Vietnam aims to circular tourism 28 3.2.3 Challenges of implementing CE in Vietnam tourism .32 CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSIONS AND SOLUTIONS .33 4.1 Discussions .33 4.2 Solutions 37 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 39 References 40 IMPLICATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Reason for writing 1.1.1 Practical reason Tourists are irresponsible They go along, in their “march of stupidity”, without any notion of accountability for their large, ruinous footprints: the mark of their ignorance and disregard Tourism has been referred to as an ugly business, one with corrosive tendencies “[They] are an army of fools, wearing bright polyesters, riding camels, taking pictures of each other, haggard, dysenteric, thirsty” (DeLillo, 2011) Because of this tourism has been referred to as an ugly business, one with corrosive tendencies Growing up, I’ve never realized the importance of preserving the environment When I was little my family often take the summer vacation in Cửa Lò – one of the busiest beaches in Vietnam, in the back of my memories the beach is always so dreamy and beautiful but in my latest visit to the beach I was disappointed that Cửa Lò is no longer what I remember Everywhere I see along the shore is people walking on sand mix with trash, the sea is so dirty that you can’t even see your feet just 10cm deep in the water All the vendors and restaurants near the sea keep pouring their waste outside next to the beach making mountains of garbage piling up until the tidal just washes everything away to the sea Shock and disappointed in the current situation of my fondest beach, I’ve decided to write this essay in how circular economy can change tourism in a better and more efficient way and we as individual can change so we can save what nature have given us 1.1.2 Theoretical reason Humanity is living beyond the availability of resources from the planet earth We have been extensively using finite resources, the emission of greenhouse gases is upward, and the earth continues to heat up (PACE 2021, 12.) If we continue to consume the natural resources in the current linear model, by 2050, we will need three planets to sustain our lifestyle (United Nations 2021) Countries worldwide keep on signing the climate agreement, but greenhouse gas emissions keep rising, and the earth keeps on heating at an alarming rate (Council on foreign relation 2021) It now looks clear that the national climate promises were never powerful enough to keep the earth below the 2-degree goal; with every year of slow progress, the challenge is growing Global carbon emission was recorded high in 2018, and despite the lockdown lifestyle due to the global Covid pandemic, we are still far off the track (PACE 2020, 12.) Our current response to fight the climate crisis is insufficient "More than 91 percent of what we take from the earth is wasted" (Circle Economy 2021) Its has been clear to each one of us that the linear model is not working in the long tearm and circular is the way if we want to continue living on this planet "To keep our world liveable and thriving, we need to double global circularity from 8.6 to 17 percent" (Circularity Gap 2021) And this is why I want to write this paper in order to educate not only myself but others on how to preserve and improve the planet by changing the way we think and act 1.2 Objectives and mission of the study The objective of this study is to explore the potential of tourism sector to become circular and how we can use circular economy to rebuild what have broken Thus, the study aims to answer a few questions as follows: Q1: What is circular economy? Q2: How can the tourism sector transition towards a circular economy? Q3: What are the main factors driving circularity in the tourism sector? Q4: What are the main obstacles in achieving circularity in the tourism sector? Q5: How can we implement circular tourism into Vietnam? 1.3 Subject and range of the study Subject: Circular economy, sustainable tourism, circular tourism, Vietnam tourism Location Range: The University of Social Science and Humanities, internet, books Time range: from November to December of 2022 1.4 Research methods Data collection: Most of the information in this study was based on documents and books found on the internet that have been thoroughly select and research on Self-based: Lacks of research have been conducted in Vietnam, so a lot of information was by myself translating added by personal opinion SWOT: A SWOT analysis about Vietnam tourism was created to help evaluate and develop this study 1.5 The study contribution Provide an extend knowledge on this newly created subject, help educate myself and other Give an inside view on how CE can be implemented in Vietnam tourism 1.6 Structure of the study This study has been illustrated into chapters - Chapter 1: Introduction – Presents the motivation, methodology, background of the research and its purpose - Chapter 2: Literature Review = gives the theoretical background of the thesis work and case overview - Chapter 3: CE implementation in tourism – Presents how we can implement what we have learn in chapter to change the way of tourism in general and tourism in Vietnam - Chapter 4: Discussion and Implications – Answering all the questions that has been layout and discuss about all the findings in the previous chapters - Chapter 5: Conclusion – The study is summarized CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Tourism and sustainability 2.1.1 Definition - Tourism refers to the act of traveling for business or leisure purposes to a location away from your hometown or usual area As a tourist, you visit a location that's away from your normal area The World Tourism Organization (WTO) specifically defined tourism as “the practice of staying outside your usual environment for one year or less if it's for leisure purposes or 24 hours or less if it's for business purposes.” - According to UNWTO (2021), sustainable tourism development is defined as "Tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment, and host communities” For tourism development to be sustainable, it needs to find the balance among the different sustainability dimensions, environmental, economic, and sociocultural - According to UNEP and WTO (2005), a sustainable tourism should have the following objectives: + Economic viability - ensuring economic viability and competitiveness of tourism destinations and enterprises for long term by understanding the market, delivering visitor satisfaction, maintaining good trading conditions, projecting an attractive destination and delivering business support + Local prosperity - maximizing the contribution of tourism to the economic prosperity of the host destination by supporting local business, encouraging local employment and supplies, encouraging clusters and networking of businesses, 23 increasing levels of visitor spending (increasing length of stay, promoting local products) etc + Employment quality - increasing the number of local jobs created by tourism and improving the quality (wage, service, availability without discrimination), ensuring and enforcing labor regulations, encouraging training programs, etc + Social equity - ensuring widespread and fair distribution of economic and social benefits from tourism throughout the recipient community by developing opportunities for disadvantaged people, supporting social programs, etc + Visitor fulfillment - providing safe, satisfactory and fulfilling experience to all visitors without discrimination, monitoring and addressing their satisfaction and quality of experience + Local control - engaging and empowering local communities in planning and decision making about the management and future development of tourism in their area by strengthening the capabilities of local governing bodies, raising public awareness, respecting the beliefs and traditions of indigenous tribes, etc + Community wellbeing - maintaining and strengthening the quality of life in communities by reducing congestion, managing demand, careful planning of tourism infrastructures, promoting mutual use of facilities and services by residents and tourists, influencing the behavior of tourists towards local communities, etc + Cultural richness - respecting and enhancing the historic heritage, authentic culture, traditions and distinctiveness of host communities by developing interpretative programs, capacity building, informing tourists about local culture, etc + Physical integrity - maintaining and enhancing the quality of landscapes, avoiding or minimizing the physical and visual degradation of the environment by visitor management, development of codes and conduct, etc + Biological diversity - supporting the conservation of natural areas, habitats and wildlife and minimizing damage, promoting ecotourism, raising visitor awareness, etc + Resource efficiency - minimizing use of scarce and non-renewable resources in the development and operation of tourism facilities and services, minimizing water consumption, promoting reduce, reuse and recycle mentality, etc + Environmental purity- minimizing the pollution of air, water and land, and generation of waste by tourism enterprises and visitors by promoting use of 24 sustainable transport, reducing use of harmful chemicals, influencing development of new tourism facilities, etc 2.1.2 Energy use and emission - Before the COVID pandemic, tourism accounts for 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions Due to the falling air travel prices and the growth of the middle class, the number of tourists was growing at 3-5% every year (Carbon brief 2018.) Travel and tourism account for almost one-tenth of the total greenhouse gases emission The ratio of carbon emitted per dollar in tourism spending is around 1kg, which is relatively higher than the manufacturing (0.8) and construction (0.7) industries (Sorin & Stefan 2021, 21.) Emission from tourism 21 40 32 Aviation Cars Accommodation Others Figure Share of Co2 emission from tourism (UNWTO & UNEP 2008, 34) - UNWTO and UNEP published their report related to climate change and tourism in 2008 that has contributed widely to the research in this area Tourism industry carbon emissions are of types 1) Carbon emission from direct energy consumption 2) Carbon emission from consuming products from tourism-related industries (UNWTO & UNEP 2008, 34.) 2.1.3 Waste production - Food waste is an enormous problem Each year, a third of all food produced is lost or wasted This equals 1.3 billion tons - Food waste is responsible for an astonishing 8% of global carbon emissions: think of all the water, energy and other resources used to produce, transport, process and sell food, as well as emissions and other by-products generated in the process When food is wasted, these negative impacts on the environment are all for nothing and getting rid of unused food further affects our ecosystems and sanitary landfills - Increasing numbers of tourists will generate more solid waste, putting pressure on waste management systems in local communities Waste management will be one of the biggest challenges of sustainable development in the future Hotels and restaurants provide a significant amount of biomass waste, and as a result, more than 70 % of all waste is biomass (Nedyalkova 2019, 6.) - According to FAO (2019,120) the research on food waste has been going on for 40 years The issue of food waste in tourism has been on the discussion in the media frequently to raise consumer awareness but the academic attention in tourism-related food waste has been very insufficient Most research on food waste is published under environment management and sustainability, but the research on food waste conducted under hospitality is rare The lack of academic works regarding food waste represents that the academic community is unaware of the scale of hospitality and its severe negative impacts (Filmonau & Coteau 2018, 235.) - All-inclusive hotels have food service as a major part of their services Due to their business model, these hotels offer their guests all-you-can-eat buffets with a wide range of food and room services A similar thing happens with the breakfast buffets, where the quantity of food represents the perception of the hotel (IDB 2020, 22.) There is a massive gap in how tourism food waste is understood and calculated - Another common issue is overproduction, fueled by the unpredictability of demand and the desire of the hotel industry to promote a sense of abundance for customers when it comes to food A study of 450 hotel companies (restaurants, hotels, catering companies, and others) in 25 countries found that between and 20% of the total food cost is due to overproduction, cooking mistakes, damaged products and leftovers on plates Often, food waste can match or surpass the net profits of a business, which should be addressed by those who are trying to maximize the operating results - Even though the problem of food waste in the hospitality industry has been recognized, there is insufficient data on the scale of food waste This problem is exceptionally high in developed countries, but the European Union does not have a standard to measure food waste (Filmonau & Coteau 2018, 236.) 2.1.4 Water usage - Hotels and resorts are prone to direct water use Water is used for showers, toilets, the kitchens, laundry, swimming pools, cooling, and irrigation The average water - Tourism has so far brought great benefits to the economy, but it has also contributed to environmental degradation, especially biodiversity deterioration Thus, the concept of “sustainable development”—development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs—must be factored into tourism development This consideration is reflected in the term “Circular tourism,” which is referred to variously as ecological or environmental tourism, nature or green tourism, sustainable or responsible tourism - The Vietnam government don’t have exact plans to implement circular tourism as this still a new subject but over the years there has been efforts to create a more eco-friendly tourism by the government and slowly adapt CE into the tourism sector - According to Mr Tran Huu Thuy Giang, Director of the Department of Tourism, developing circular tourism will certainly be an inevitable trend in the coming time, thanks to its sustainable development factors, including saving costs in the long run and benefiting businesses and society In fact, eco-friendly and green tourism models deployed recently were already closely resemble circular tourism, giving an opportunity to evaluate and convert more smoothly - Mr Dinh Manh Thang, Chairman of the Provincial Tourism Association commented that apart from being a sustainable development model, circular tourism is also a new trend that has been studied and assessed following the impacts of the pandemic Tourism, in the current early stages of adaptation, will be shaped by three trends: new destinations and experiences; short-term, domestic tourism and green tourism, towards sustainable development Studies have shown that tourists are interested in sustainable tourism and are willing to pay more to contribute to the sustainable development of the destination - In the opening speech given at ViEF 2018, Mr Tran Trong Kien, member of the Private Sector Development Committee and Chairman of the Tourism Advisory Board, concluded his statement with the hope that “[our] grandchildren can continue to benefit” from beautiful nature, culture, and resources of Vietnam (K Tran, 2018) This is a Cahill 17 critical element of sustainability: that future generations can continue to 29 flourish using resources and enjoying an environment and culture that has not been diminished or even destroyed by tourism The government itself, in written law, defines sustainable tourism as “meet[ing] the needs of the present without harming the ability of the future to meet tourism needs” (GOV, 2005) The weight in this statement, by a government official at a very public event, should not be taken lightly: it is a sign of Vietnam’s changing perspective of what an effective tourism industry should look like The actual title of the first session was “The Need for Tourism Industry Restructuring and Development Toward More Sustainability” Included in the audience were 1500+ delegates, including government officials, CEOs, media, and international guests This 2-day event is an important step towards spreading awareness of the benefits and necessity of a sustainable tourism industry, and that it was hosted by the Advisory Council to the Prime Minister on Administrative Procedures Reform and Private Sector Development Committee is an indication of sustainability as a rising priority in the Vietnamese Government - In order for the tourism to have a clear and definitive transition to the circular tourism model, new ways of doing things and different approaches are needed According to Asso Prof Dr Nguyen Hong Quan, Director of the Institute for Circular Economy Development (ICED), to develop circular tourism, it is necessary to consider the life cycle of products used in the tourism, and the circular economy as a model, with longterm assessment on its effectiveness, instead of deceptive environmentally friendly actions In Mr Quan opinion, there are main things we need to rebuild: + First off, we need to reconsider the supply we use in tourism following the product life cycle Many of hotels and travel accommodation has been using paper-based products instead of plastic one time used products, this has some affects on tourist view But to actually consider a product is eco-friendly we need to also need to look at the production process if it produces even more bi-products, greenhouse gasses than producing a normal plastic bag, straw, … + Secondly, we need to acknowledge circular economy as a model needed for long term into the future of mankind instead of seeing it as only a way to market their product Mr Quan also said that “If we successfully successfully implement CE, every progress will operate by 30 itself The only problem for businesses is finance issue in the beginning but in the long term you will see the benefit” + Thirdly, tourism need to go with decreasing the carbon footprint, especially when one of our planet problems is global warming Because of it Mr.Quan strongly believe that if we attach our businesses with a plan to minimize releasing greenhouse gasses will be a good marketing strategy + Lastly, it is necessary to establish a digital ecosystem to support circular tourism, connect businesses with accommodations, local farmers and craftsmen who are applying green solutions and to create transparent information flows to fortify the chain links as well as to inform visitors - In another study caried out by the travel agency Expedia in Vietnam, the sustainability factor also has a decisive impact on the choice of accommodation and travel service provider: 73% of participants preferred hotels and motels that practice environmentfriendly and community-friendly principles and 65% would choose a service business that demonstrates inclusiveness in sustainable development - In a few places in Vietnam there has been plan to execute the circular tourism model Mr Dinh Manh Thang informed that Hue had recently cooperated with TUI Care Foundation (founded by TUI Travel) and Germany’s Center for Sustainable Consumption and Production (CSCP) to implement the circular tourism model to support tourism activities and businesses post-COVID-19 The circular tourism model will first be piloted in Tam Giang Lagoon and neighboring rural areas with the participation of Hue businesses to gain practical experiences The project will be publicly announced by April 2022 It will be analyzed, evaluated and improved to attract more visitors Mr Tran Huu Thuy Giang emphasized that after the assessment of the needs, trends and feasibility of the pilot model, Hue tourism industry targets the circularity of cultural tourism products as they are typical of the strength of Hue tourism The promotion of circular economy principles in the restoration and conservation of heritage is critical to the sustainability of the sector, heading towards long-term protection of world cultural heritages through ecological design practices, 31 energy conservation, provision of green service facilities, ecological waste treatment and green consumption - Government isn’t the only institution with a significant role in shaping the future of the tourism industry Indeed, the influence of the government on tourism education has actually weakened as both public and private-owned educational institutions, independent of the VNAT, have started offering higher level courses and majors in tourism As the tourism industry has grown, so too has the demand for university programs that offer tourism and hospitality studies, which include postgraduate programs as well These programs, generally, are meant to prepare individuals for managerial roles in the tourism sector; thus, the way that students study and learn, as well as what educators choose to include in the curriculum, give important insights into the priorities of the industry 3.2.3 Challenges of implementing CE in Vietnam tourism - The efficiency of tourism activities is not commensurate with the potential and inherent resources, competitiveness is limited, and the sustainability of the tourist destination is threatened State management of tourism are constantly being enhanced but have not met the goal of sustainable tourism development In addition, the trend to change the demand of tourists is also a challenge to the development of sustainable tourism in Vietnam If Vietnam’s tourism industry does not catch up with this trend, it will face the risk of lagging, losing market share in the increasingly competitive between destinations in the region and the world - Moreover, the issue of environment and climate change is one of the major challenges for sustainable tourism development in Vietnam The ecological environment of many tourist destinations in Vietnam is considered relatively pristine and of high biodiversity However, in recent years, due to the impact of industrialization, development deficient planning, lack of vision, so the quality of environment tin Vietnam has declined to alarming levels - The tourism in Vietnam has been guided by the government with the only aim is to improve the quantity of tourist but not preserving the lands and improving an Eco32 friendly tourism until lately when the pollution in Vietnam has gone unignorable change in the environment - Vietnam is still a developing country with many finances issue unable to create a circular tourism without help from other countries, as to successfully apply the circular tourism model requires a lot of money that Vietnam just don’t have - CE is still not well know among the people in Vietnam, which presents a challenge for moving to CE Furthermore, the tourists in Vietnam are less conscious or careless of their behavior - Having many different ethnic in the country creating a barrier between people who wants to apply the circular tourism model with those that will not benefit from the new model Many of the businesses does not go along with the local where they are located, being unable to have sustainable resources that the local provide - Many of infrastructure in Vietnam is old and have already been established without CE in mind, and the changing represents a massive disruption of the established systems - Vietnam lacks training facility for tourism considering the only university that give a PhD in tourism is the University of Social Sciences and Humanities CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSIONS AND SOLUTIONS 4.1 Discussions SWOT analysis for Vietnam tourism - Strengths: + Vietnam has a good geographical position including a long coastline with many beautiful landscapes and beaches, islands, and archipelagos (Nguyen and Cheung, 2013; Huong and Lee, 2018; Mai and Smith, 2018; Pham-Do and Pham, 2020) Besides, the climate is in a tropical region This is a huge strength for Vietnam's tourism industry because the good geography is one of the most attractive reasons that foreign tourists come to Vietnam + Has a long history for over 4000 years, with a diversity and abundance in cultural traditions, culinary elite, the religious life of an Eastern nation Vietnam has 54 ethnic 33 communities, it is diverse and rich with many traditional festivals, culture, and cuisine across the country (Trinh and Ryan, 2015) Each ethnic community has a unique culture and cuisine that contributes to the rich and diverse Vietnamese culture and cuisine as a colorful picture, highlighting the unique identity of each ethnic group and region (Michaud and Turner, 2017) + Owned a fast-growing economy, the Vietnamese government invests more and more in infrastructure, planning large-scale resorts and high-class hotel systems Many projects of transport infrastructure, telecommunications infrastructure and synchronous service infrastructure for tourism have been built and upgraded in recent years In general, the national infrastructure system can well support the development of the tourism sector Besides, located in the Asia-Pacific region, Vietnam has benefited from the rapidly growing middle class in this region and relies on a high balance of nature and the cultural resources to generate tourism demand + Vietnam owns a stable political security background, which is also a favorable factor for tourism development Besides, along with the image of a high openness, a dynamic and fast-growing economy with the participation of free trade agreements with many countries and regions around the world, Vietnam has proved to be a country with an increasing influence on the world economy Economic policies are supporting the growth of tourism This is also an advantage for the tourism industry to continue developing strongly on the basis of economic growth + Has a quite large population and a huge young labour force Besides, the young dynamic population and the hospitable nature of the people are also strong points for the development of tourism Besides, fast economic growth leads to an increase in income per capita that can help the Vietnamese people go travel more in the future + A huge community of overseas Vietnamese people, it is calculated as million people now residing in many developed countries The overseas Vietnamese people is a strength of Vietnam's tourism because they have a huge demand to travel their homelands - Weaknesses: 34 + The diversity of tourism products is still limited Tourism businesses have not got enough creative and innovative to exploit the available tourism resources of the country Lack of a night-time economic strategy that could not provide activity taking place in the evening including Le Thanh TUNG 1178 cuisine, entertainment, culture at night The poor status of services leads to tourist spending being quite lower compared to other countries in the Southeast Asia region Besides, the loyalty of foreign tourists has been very low because of a small rate of visitors return in recent years + Although the infrastructure system has been invested in, however, it still does not meet tourism development demand The overcrowding and overload in airports, urban areas, and the lack of highways to connect provinces, have limited the "booming trend" of the Vietnamese tourism sector for recent years The problem of traffic congestion due to a large number of passengers, the lack of connecting infrastructure also creates challenges that can decrease the competitiveness of Vietnamese tourism + Environmental pollution is a problem of the tourism business system and also a highlighted weakness of the Vietnamese tourism industry Pollution leads to food unsafety and increases the costs to ensure cuisine safety inspections to attract tourists + Despite having abundant labour force, however, there is a shortage of professional and high-class human resources In general, the management skills of businesses have not yet met the competitive requirement and integration trend Besides, communication skills are one of the most significant weaknesses among Vietnamese employees in the tourism sector There is still a lack of guides fluent in foreign languages and the current human resource only meets about 70% of the labour demand - Opportunities: + The high openness policy of the economy can help to attract more and more international resources coming to Vietnam Connected to economic exchange activities and investment relationships, tourism also has the opportunity to have more 35 international capital sources to develop the tourism business system and accommodation infrastructure + Have huge benefits from the fast growth of the Asia-Pacific region Southeast Asia is receiving more interest from global tourists, it can make a positive and significant impact on the Vietnamese tourism industry Increase interest in Southeast Asian countries can bring great opportunities to take advantage of this to exploit the available tourism resources in Vietnam + The increasing security instability in many important territories and tourism markets worldwide is also a good opportunity for Vietnam to take advantage of the stability of its society to increase international tourists visiting in the near future + The development of information technology on the Internet platform in the context of the Industrial revolution 4.0, it has created great opportunities for developing countries (such as Vietnam) to strongly and effectively promote images and tourism services promote tourism development - Threats: + The competitive level is raising from other countries in the Asia-Pacific region Vietnam's tourism industry is still in the beginning development process with low management skills, which has forced the tourism industry to improve its competitiveness in order to catch-up with the development of leading countries in the Asia-Pacific region + Destroyed landscapes, deforestation, natural disasters, and epidemics in Vietnam have been complicated over the years There are many restaurants, hotels, and resorts that allude to invest in waste treatment systems as one of the causes leading to the pollution of the marine and tourism environment Besides, the rapid urbanization of the provinces also creates great challenges for the development of a Vietnamese tourism industry imbued with an Eastern identity Finally, climate change has brought many risks for tourism development in some tourism sector in the lowland areas such as the Mekong Delta of Vietnam 36 + Tourism development can increase income inequality among regions If the government has not got inclusive economic development policies, tourism growth may be a factor creating instability in society because of the conflict between rich and poor people + The instability of the global economy There was some financial and economic crisis with cycles as ten years per time In the context of a high level in globalization, Vietnam's tourism will get easily stuck in the international economic crises Besides, the much depending on a specific region is also a threat to Vietnam's tourism when the vast majority of international visitors to Vietnam originate from Northeast Asia, by 60% in 2018 + The risks for community health There are some infectious disease outbreaks that have increased significantly in recent decades, and when tourism and travel activities rapidly raise, the global spread of the diseases will be expected to grow fast - Tourism sector has generated pressure on the natural resources in Vietnam thus, it is necessary for this sector to shift from the linear mode of production and consumption towards a circular tourism Lately Vietnam’s government has began to transit it’s tourism sector toward a more eco, green tourism with the final aim is fully apply a circular model all through the country The key to this successfully is depended on the government’s new policy toward educating its people and apply laws on how the tourism sector should operate from now on before its too late 4.2 Solutions - According to experts and researchers, an effective tourism development plan is needed for the harmonious and sustainable development of sea and land tourism, which ensures national defense and security and promotes its key role in the development of the tourism economy - First, increase marketing and introduce the image of the country, people, culture, and landscapes of Vietnam to traditional and potential eco-tourism markets Thoroughly use websites and international television channels to advertise and take advantage of regional conferences and seminars to introduce and promote Vietnam tourism 37 Emphasize and promote the landscapes ranked by international organizations in order to make differences for Vietnam tourism compared to others Build representative tourism offices in potential markets Promote more extensive advertisement to the overseas Vietnamese communities - Second, attract foreign investment to develop a circular tourism and focus on wellknown tourism investors that have successfully done business worldwide, thereby forming a series of tourist destinations closely connected between Vietnam and other markets The development of the value chain model Note to the fast economic growth and the growing income in attracting investment flows to the Vietnamese tourism industry because economic development is always a necessary condition to successfully develop different types of tourism Thoroughly use foreign capital, foreign management skills, and prestigious brands to increase world-class tourist hotels and resorts in Vietnam In the future, the hotels and resorts in Vietnam will provide facilities to host world-class events such as Miss Universe or global summits - Third, improve the quality of human resources in tourism businesses thereby increasing the potential of creating a circular tourism industry The quality of tourism human resources is a decisive factor for improving the quality of products and services, contributing to turning tourism to become a key economic sector in Vietnam in the future Human resources must be systematically developed in both quantity and quality by investing in upgrading facilities of a system of vocational training schools managed by the tourism industry to meet the requirements of high-quality manpower in the future It is necessary to have training programs for tourism managers in the provinces to keep up with the development trends of the tourism industry worldwide - Fourth, create comprehensive links among the provinces in Vietnam to develop various types of tourism, diverse and abundant tourist destinations It is necessary to promote the formation of regional links in tourism development among provinces to maximize the advantages of the provinces in a large region - Fifth, focus on investment in infrastructure, which harmoniously combines sustainable development goals with services Incorporate infrastructure for industrial development 38 in the overall planning for circular tourism development Promote public-private partnerships to develop the infrastructure of the economy in general and the circular tourism model in particular CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION Along with the socio-economic development, tourism needs have become more and more indispensable in the daily life of people, especially in developed countries In the general context of the world, Vietnam's economy is tending to restructure from an agricultural economy mainly to a developed economy of Industry - Service - Agriculture Therefore, the development of circular tourism in Vietnam is essential For circular development, it is necessary to simultaneously implement objectives: developing economically effectively; harmonious development of social aspects; improve living standards and living standards of population strata; improve environmental environment, ensure solid long-term development for todays and future generations To ensure sustainable development, it is necessary 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https://www.academia.edu/37693604/SUSTAINABLE_TOURISM_IN_VIETNAM_CURRE NT_SITUATION_AND_FUTURE_CHALLENGES 42 NEWS: Vietnam: Towards Sustainable Tourism in the Era of Climate Change (2016) https://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/esrt/default.aspxportalid=5&tabid=391&itemid=1028.htm Việt Nam needs to more to sustainably develop sea and island tourism (2022) https://vietnamnews.vn/society/1209283/viet-nam-needs-to-do-more-to-sustainablydevelop-sea-and-island-tourism.html Trend of circular tourism (2022) https://www.vietnamtourism.gov.vn/en/post/16911 Thuy Ha (2021) Cần ưu tiên phát triển du lịch tuần hoàn http://baovanhoa.vn/dulich/artmid/416/articleid/48320/can-uu-tien-phattrien%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B%E2%8 0%8B%E2%80%8B-du-lich-tuan-hoan 43 ... advantage of the stability of its society to increase international tourists visiting in the near future + The development of information technology on the Internet platform in the context of the Industrial... summits - Third, improve the quality of human resources in tourism businesses thereby increasing the potential of creating a circular tourism industry The quality of tourism human resources is... after the assessment of the needs, trends and feasibility of the pilot model, Hue tourism industry targets the circularity of cultural tourism products as they are typical of the strength of Hue tourism