Hoàn thiện các quy định an toàn hoạt động ngân hàng tạo môi trường an toàn, lành mạnh, minh bạch cho hoạt động phát triển của TCTD

p I ' ^ H ^ ^ ^ VAI TRi) CO QUAN THANH TRA, GIAM SAT NGAN HANG TRONG TAI CAU TRl)C VA xH LY NO X Cco!;-i::':::::; HOAHiiiiacAcQiiYiiiiHANTojiii ^ c u a ;;c j c j , „,,, HOATflqNGNGJiNIUNETADMfilTRIIimGANTDJUl, quyl djnh ddi vdi sj" n Trfh UNH MANH^IIIIIIIII BACH CHD HOAT HDNG cua n l n kinh te vT mo Nam, bdn canh Viet y ^ p||^J ]|||[|{| |;yj| ^ nhdng t h a n h tiAi d^t dupe n h u m d i trudng va " l^ThS Li Trung Kien ' t h i e h l boat ddng cda hd t h i n g ngdn ehuyin va b i d dam lgi ich cua cdc bdn hd t h i n g T C T D Vidt Nam theo bien d i n g ghi n h a n , dng dung hdng ed n h i l u lidn quan Cde quy d j n h , t h i l t xu hudng phat t r i l n mOt d j c h vu ngdn hang hidn dai v d e h l v l an t o i n ho$t ddng nham todn didn h d n Ludt cde TCTD cdng nghe cao l m h vUc b l o d i m an toan, lanh manh n d m dUdc ban hanh va c6 ngdn hang, np x l u dupe k i l m doi vdi ban than tdng T C T D va higu Ipc t d 01/01/2011'da Sddt vd han che, nhien van ea hd thd'ng D d y cung I I c d sd d a n h rieng chUdng VI (gIm 10 ton tai mdt so b i t on, gay rdi ro giup Co quan Thanh tra, gidm d i l u , t d Dieu 126 d i n Dieu 135) cho hd t h i n g ngdn hang d mdt sat ngan hang t i l n hanh quy d j n h ve cde gidi han, ty 1^ s i khfa eanh D l hd thd'ng ede tra, an toan hoat ddng cda TCTD t l chdc t i n dung (TCTD) phdt t r i l n an toan, lanh m a n h , can sU no lpc va phot hpp cda nhieu ben, t d eac c d quan quan ly vT md den ban than eac T C T D Doi vdi cac cO quan quan ly vT m d , v a n d l then c h i t la xdy dpng khung phap ly va cac quy d j n h ve an t o i n hogt ddng ngdn hang tiep cdn chuan mPc qud'c te, xac d i n h Id t r i n h thpc hidn cdc quy d i n h phu hdp vdi thpc tidn phdt t r i l n cda hd thong T C T D Vidt N a m A n toan hogt ddng ngan hang dppc xae d j n h la vigc thiet ldp va tri eac d i l u kidn nham bao vd ngan hang trudc ede b i l n c l khdng gidm sat T C T D Bai v i l t nhtn lai qud t r i n h cang t r d ndn quan trgng boat dpng ngdn hang giai doan d l i vdi sU phdt t r i l n cda TCTD 1 - , giai doan tdi c l u va e l hd t h i n g Hoat ddng chmh trdc he thd'ng ngdn hang theo cda ngan hang la nhdn tien gili, 254/QD-TTg d p t i n dung va trung gian thanii / / 2 eda Thd tUdng toan D o vdy, bai v i l t nay, Chfnh phu va d i n h bUdng hoan quy d i n h ve an toan boat dpng thien ede quy d j n h an t o i n d l i ngdn hang dUde t r m h bay theo Quylt djnh so vdi T C T D phu hop vdi thdng Id n h d m , bao g o m : (i) quy djnh va e h u i n mpc quoc t l Hoan v l phdn loai np, trfch ldp va sil thien quy d j n h hoat d y n g d p phdng d l x d ly ri]ii ro; ddng ngdn hang la mdt (ii) quy d i n h ve cac gidi han, ty an todn nhdng n h i d m vu trgng t a m , dPdc Id an todn boat ddng ngSn du tidn hang d i u dae bidt hang; (iii) cac quy djnh khac bd'i c i n h thpc hi§n tat co c l u va nham hd trp cho qua trinh tdi cO x d ly nd xd'u cda cdc T C T D Vidt clu, Nam d u bao dugc, xac d j n h eac gidi biet, d i n h gia nguy cd thidt hai Cac quy djnh ve an toan hoat tfgng cua TCTD Qud t r i n h xay dpng cae quy d m h v l an tdan hdat ddng cda \^ ^ * Ph6 Vu trfldng Vu Chinh sach an toan hoat dong ngan hang, Cd quan TTGSNH TAPCHiNGANHANG 1S6CHUYENOE2015 x d iy nd xlu 1.1 Quy dinh ve pban loai n^, trfch han rdi ro hoat ddng kinh doanh ngdn hang tren c d sd nhdn Q u y d j n h an t o i n boat dOng xdy dpng cdc quy d j n h an toan lip va sCf dung dd pbdn$ di xd If rdi ro boat ddn$ cda TCTD, bang nddc Ngay chi nhinh NgSn ngoai 21/01/2013, NHN| T C T D Vidt N a m gan N l n vdi ban hanh Thdng tU 02/2013/Tf- t r i n h d d , quy m d phat t r i l n cda N H N N (sau day ggi tat la Thdtig ^ :>a .1 TRO CO QUAN THANH TRA, GIAM SAT NGAN HANG TRONG TAI CAU TRUC VA Xlf LY NO XAU i tu 02) v l phdn loai tdi san Cd, nhdnh ngdn hdng nudc ngoai tugng bl han che' d p tfn dung mdc trieh, phUdng phap trieh ldp TCTD, ehi nhdnh ngdn hang theo quy dinh tai Dieu 127 Luat dp phdng rdi ro va vide sd dung nude ngodi phai phdn loai vdo cde TCTD; tai san blo dam cd dp phdng d l xd I'y rdi ro nhdm 3, nhdm 4, nhdm doi gia trj td 200 ty ding trd Idn, trd boat dpng eda TCTD, chi nhdnh vdi eic khoan np vi ph?m quy tai san bao dam cd gid trj trdn ngdn hdng nPdc ngodi, thay t h i dmh eda phap luat, cdc khoan 50 t^ ding neu tren CIc TCTD, Quyd't djnh s i 493/2005/QD- ng cua TCTD, chi nhanh ngan ehi nhanh ngdn hang nudc NHNN ngdy 22/4/2005 cda hang nudc ngodi dupe NHNN ngoai dUde sddijng kit qua djnh NHNN ban hanh quy djnh v l dat vao tinh trang kiem sodt ddc g i i thdi ban toi da 12 phdn loainp, trfeh lap vd sddung biet, phong tda vd'n thang Cdc tdi san bao dam ed dp phdng d l xd ly rdi ro tfn dung Theo quy dinh tai Thdng tu gid trj dupe xde dinh trdn thj boat ddng ngan hang eda 02, cde TCTD, eht nhanh ngan trUdng ehinh thde nhu vang, trai TCTD va ede van ban sda doi, hang nude ngoii phdn loai phieu Chinh phu dUpc niem yet, bo sung Quyet dinh 493 Tie'p np (theo phuong phdp djnh tinh chdng khddn doanh nghiep da theo, 18/3/2014, NHNN va/ho0c djnh lUdng) va gdi kd't dPdc nidm yIt thi khdng dp dung ban hdnh Thdng tP 09/2014/TT- qua tu phan Idai eho Trung tam quy dinh Quy dinh nham NHNN sda doi mdt s i dieu cua Thdng tin tin dung QuIc gia dam bao TCTD, ehi nhdnh ngan Thdng tu 02 (sau ddy ggi tat la Viet Nam (CIC) CIC ting hop bdng nude ngoai xac djnh ehinh Thdng tu 09) va cdng bd' danh saeh khaeh xae gid tri thi trudng cda tai san Thdng tu 02 quy djnh thd'ng hang thed nhdm nd ed mdc dd bid dam dugc phdp khiu trd nhit mdt phuong phap danh rui ro cao nhat ma eac TCTD, tfnh du phdng eu t h i phai trfch, gid chat lupng tfn dung tren cO chi nhanh ngdn hang nude tang eUdng cdng tde quan ly tai sd kit hpp dinh gia kha nang ngoai da tU phan loai TrUdng san blo dam va han ehe vide tra np eda khich hang theo he hdp kit qua tU phan logi np cua TCTD, ehi nhanh ngan hang thd'ng xep hang tin dung ndi bg TCTD d nhdm np thap hdn so nUde ngodi djnh gia tai san bao va danh gta thpc t l t ? i thdi dilm vdi nhdm ng CIC eung d p dam cao hdn gia trj thUe t l ddn phan loai np Thdng tU 02 dUpc thi TCTD, chi nhanh ngdn hang dd'n sd' tiln phai trich ldp du danh gia la chat che, phin anh nude ngddi phai dilu chlnh ke't phdng cu the giam, phin dnh chfnh xac hon chat lUdng ho?t qua phan Idai nd vao nhdm no khdng xae thpc kit qui kinh d|ng tfn dung - hoat dpng co dupe CIC cung d p doanh dan den tinh trgng "lai gia Id that" ban, truyin thong va sinh ldi Ding thdi, Thdng tU 02 quy chd yeu cda TCTD Viet Nam, dinh dilu kidn dd'i vdi tai san Ngoai ra, eae TCTD phii ban h i trg thuc day tid'n trinh xd ly bao dam d l khau trd tfnh sd' hanh quy djnh ngi bd ve cap tfn nd xlu va tai cd cau hd thong tiln dp phdng CIJ the TCTD, chi dgng, quan ly tien vay, chfnh TCTD nhdnh ngdn hang nPdc ngoai sach dp phdng rut ro, kilm sodt, Thdng tu 02 b l sung mdt so t i i phai thud t l ehde ed chdc nang giam sat viec ca d u lai thdi ban san Cd phai phdn loai nhU; cdc thim dinh gid theo quy dmh t r i np va giQ nguyen nhdm np, ,j khoan d p tin dijng dudi hinh cda phdp ludt d l djnh gia tai kilm soat ly do, ndi dung ed cd'u , thde phdt hanh the tin dung, san blo dim cd gia tri td 50 ty lai thdi han tra np va gid nguydn so tien mua va uy thac mua ding trd len doi vdi cac kholn nhdm np doi vdi tdng khoan np ^ trai phieu doanh nghidp ehUa np cda khdch hang la ngUdi cd Toan bd cdc quy dinh cda j nidm yet, tiln gdi (trd tiln gdi lien quan cda TCTD, ehi nhanh Thdng tu 02 va Thdng tU 09 ed todn) tai cle TCTD, ehi ngdn hang nPde ngoai vd eac doi hieu lUcthi hdnh diy ddtdthang TAPCHINGANHANG ISOCHUYENOE2015 ( ^ ^ VAi TRD CO OUAN THANH TRA GIAM SAT tJGAN HANG TRONG TAI CAU TRUC VA XU LY NO XAU 4/201 Cac quy d m h tai Thdng Thdng 02 va Thdng tU 09 chat che, m i n h bach hdn ve phan loai nd, trieh lap va sd dung dU phdng de x d ly rui ro, ve dieu kien d l tai san dam bao dUdc phep khd'u trd t i n h so t i l n d p phdng phai t r i e h , thdt han to'i da x d ly tai san bao d a m ; gdp phan nang cao nang lUc quan tri rui ro t i n dyng cua cac T C T D , han ehe no xau gia tang va nang cao chat luong tfn dung 1.2 Quy dinh ve gidi ban, le bio dam an toan dpng cua TCTD, ngan hang nddc chi ty boat nhanh ngoai Cac quy d m h ve gidi han, ty le phu hop td Thdng tU / / sd dung ngudn v d n , eha'tn ddi TT-NHNN 20/05/2010 tinh trang T C T D cap tin dung cua N H N N quy d m h ve cac ty vUgt qua nguon vd'n huy ddng; le bao dam an toan hoat kiem sodt cac hoat dong rui ro ddng cua T C T D (Thdng tU 13) cao cua T C T D nhU cho vay dau va Thdng tU 19/201 / T T - N H N N tu chdng khoan, kinh doanh bat ddng san 27/9/2010 sda doi, bo bao dam an toan hoat ddng cua sung mdt so dieu cda Thdng tU Thdng tu 36 bo sung quy dinh T C T D , chi 13 dong thdi dUde sda doi, bo viec xac d m h gta tri thUe cua nhanh ngan hang nUdc ngoat n h i m thiet lap va sung theo sat cac quy d m h cua vdn dieu Id, von dUde ca'p va tri cac dieu kien, cac gidi thdng le quo'c te' (Basel I, Basel viec x d [y ddt vdi cae trUdng hdp han rui ro hoat ddng kinh II), phd hop vdi thue trang hoat gia tri thuc cda vd'n dieu le, von doanh ngan hang de dam bao ddng cua cac T C T D hien va dugc d p an toan hoat ddng ngan hang d m h hudng quan ly, phat t n e n vd'n phap d i n h , lam cd sd danh Ngay / 1 / , NHNN giam tha'p hdn mdc da he thd'ng cac T C T D thdi gia nang lUe tat e h f n h , vd'n chiJ ban hanh Thdng tU 3&/2014/ gian tdi, bao vd quyen lgi cda sd hOu cua T C T D , chi nhanh T T - N H N N hudng d i n 06 ty le ngudi gdt tien, tang cUdng kha ngdn hang nude ngoai, xde dmh bao datn an toan hoat ddng theo nang chiu dung rdi ro cua cac dung cac ty le bao dam an toan quy d m h tai Dieu 130 Luat cac TCTD trUdc nhdng cu sdc cua hoat ddng, phuc vy qua trinh T C T D , bao gom ty le ve an toan thi trUdng quan ly, giam sat, tai cd cau vd'n, gidi han cap tin dung, ty Thdng tu 36 nhain tao nen cae Ke' thda quy d m h tai Thdng til Id kha nang chi tra, ty le tdi da chuan mUc m d i , chat che va 13, Thdng tU 36 quy d m h TCTD, cua nguon vd'n ngan han dUde phu hop hdn ve quan t n , an toan chi nhanh ngan hang nUdc ngoai sd dung de eho vay trung han, hoat ddng ngan hang va giam phai thudng xuyen tri ty le dai han, gidi han gdp vo'n, mua sat ngan hang Cac quy d m h an toan vd'n td'i thieu bao gom ty CO p h a n , va ty le dU nd eho vay tai Thdng tU 36 gdp p h i n han le an toan vd'n td'i thieu ridng le so vdi tong tien gdi Thdng tU 36 che' rui ro cua vide tap trung tin va ty le an toan von td'i thieu hdp cd hieu l U c t d / / dung vao mdt khach hang hoac nha't d mdc 9% Ty le an toan Cdc gidi han, ty le bao dam ngUdt cd hen quan; ddng thdi vdn td'i thieu ddpc tfnh theo ty an toan quy d m h tai Thdng tU kiem soat dUOc kha nang Id phan tram (%) gtUa vd'n tP c6 36 dugc xay dUng tren cd sd ke' khoan, chenh va tong tat san cd dd dUdc dieu thda nhdng quy d m h tich cUc, lech ky han giQa nguon vd'n va c h l n h theo he sdrui ro He so rtji TAP CHI NGAN HANG |S0 CHUYEN DE 2015 quan ly dUdc "M TRO CO QUAN THANH TRA GIAIVI SAT NGAN HANG TRONG TAI CAU TRUC VA X^ LY Nd XAU ^ ^ cd lidn quan, hUdng hoat ddng quan tri cda cac ngdn hang theo chuan mue quIe t l , td dd thde day t i i cd d u va tao mdi trUdng boat ddng an toin, lanh manh cho cic TCTD, ehi nhanh ngdn hang nude ngoai Sd huU cheo la van de phdc tap, nhat la dilu kien tfnh minh bach v l thdng tin tai ehfnh cdn han che Xu ly nd xau duac xac dmh la nhiem vu tam nham tao nen tana cho Sil phat tnen an toan, fien vung cua he thong cac TCTD den nam 2020 TO eda tai san cd dupc chia theo mde: 0%, 20%, 50%, 100% va 150% Trong dd, Thdng tU 36 da giam hd so rui ro td 250% xudng 150% d l i vdi nhdm tdi san ed (bao gIm cac khoan cap tin dung d l kinh doanh bat ddng san; ede khoan d p tin dung de kinh doanh, diu tu ehdng khoan va cdc khoan eho vay dUde bao dam bang vang) nhim gdp phan thao gd khd khan, thuc day thi trudng bat ddng san, chdng khodn phdt triln Cde ed'u phan von, phuong phap va each tfnh ty le dugc quy djnh cu t h i , chi t i l t dfnh kem phu lue de dd thpc hien, giam sit, kiem tra, tra Dae biet, d l i vdi ehi nhdnh ngdn hdng nUde ngoai, cle d u phan v l n tu cd tinh tdi dac thd cda ehi nhdnh la ddn vj phu thudc cua TCTD nUdc ngoai Thdng tu 36 hoan thien quy djnh ve ty Id kha ndng ehi tra doi vdi nhdng tai sin ed tfnh kholn cao, ddi hdi eac TCTD phai quan tri rui ro kholn t i t hdn Cu t h i , Thdng tU 36 quy djnh ty Id kha ndng chi tra (bang tai sin cd tinh khoan eao so vdi ddng tiln rdng 30 tid'p theo) dd'i vdi tdng loai hinh TCTD, ehi nhdnh ngan hang nUde ngoai Quy djnh nham dam bao TCTD, chi nhanh ngdn hang nude ngoai theo ddi, danh gia kha nang ehi tra 30 tid'p theo de chu ddng ed giai phap tri, dim bao an toan khoan Vdi vide b l sung khdi niem ngudi ed lien quan cda cd nhdn, to chUc lam can ed tri, tfnh toan eac gidi han d p tin dung, gdp von, mua eo phan, dau tU eua TCTD, chi nhanh ngdn hang nUdc ngoai, ding thdi gdp phan han e h l rdi ro tap trung tfn dung boat ddng ngdn hing Dilu 20 Thdng tu 36 quy djnh NHTM cdty le npxau dUdi 3% dupe nim gidtii da c l philu cua TCTD khde, nhUng khdng qua 5% vd'n c l phan cd quyln bilu quylt eda TCTD dd Quy djnh budc cac NHTM phai kilm soat np xd'u d mdc an toan theo thdng Id qud'c te (dUdi 3%) Ding thdi, ddy dupe eho la giai phap hiXi hidu, ban che sd hdu cheo cda eac NHTM va ea nhan Cdng nham "bdc tdeh" mat trdi gdy mit an toan hd thd'ng hd luy sd hdu cheo la tang vd'n ao, eho vay san sau, phuc vu cho Ipi fch nhdm, Dilu 12 Myc Thdng tP 36 quy dinh: tong mdc dP nd d p tin dung dd'i vdi mdt doi tUdng la cdng ty con, cdng ty lien ke't cda TCTD hodc doanh nghiep md TCTD nam quyen kilm sodt khdng dupe vUdt qua 10% von tU cd cda TCTD; tong dU nd d p tin dung dd'i vdi td't ea cde doi tupng quy dinh tai Khoan Dieu 127 Ludt cac TCTD khdng dupe vUpt qua 20% von tP cd cda TCTD Vide ca'p tfn dyng dd'i vdi mdt khaeh hang va nhdng ngudi cd lidn quan khdng dUpc vupt qua 25% vln tu ed cua TCTD, chi nhanh ngan hang nUdc ngodi Cdng vdi quy d|nh tai Dieu 12, eac quy djnh tai Dieu 6, Dilu 7, Dilu va Dieu Thdng tP 36 lam ed sd de ed quan quin ly vd gidm sdt ddnh gia nang lpc tai chfnh, von ehu sd hUu cda TCTD, chi nhanh ngan hang nUde ngoai, xac dmh ddng cdc ty le bao dam an toan, phyc vu qua trinh quan ly, gidm sat, tdi Cd d u hd thd'ng TCTD TAPCHINGANHANG |SOCHLiYENOE2015 I ] ''t'^^© VAI TRO CO QUAN THANH TRA, GIAM SAT NGAN HANG TRONG TAI CAU TRUC VA XO LY NO XAU - T h d n g t u 36 da cu t h e hda eac t p nhP t y Id toi da n g u I n v l n va tudn t h d ty' le an toan von quy d i n h cda Luat cac T C T D ngan ban dUde sd dung d l eho toi t h i l u , dugc xdy dpng tren v l gidi han d p tfn d u n g , cde vay trung, dai b a n , t^ Id nguydn tac quan ly rul ro d l i khoan d p t i n dung dUde loai dddc quy d m h phd hdp vdi vdi t i i san, can e d vao nhu cau, trd t i n h gidi h a n , cac d i l u tdng Idai h m h T C T D , tao d i l u dac d i l m , mde dO rdi ro kidn d p kidn boat d d n g , x e m xet d i n ehu ky t i n dung de dau tU cho T C T D , ehi nhanh kinh doanh co p h i l u Vdi cde ngan hang nUde ngoai t i l p tuc k i n h d o a n h , k h i nang thfch dng quy d j n h v l vide d p t i n dung d i y manh tang trUdng t i n d y n g vdi rui ro va c h i l n lUpe kinh de dau tU, k i n h doanh eo p h i l u eho n l n kinh t l , h d t r d doanh doanh eda T C T D , ehi nhanh so vdi vd'n d i l u Id, von dUdc cap nghiep nhUng v l n bao dam an ngdn hang nUde ngoai; quy dinh cda T C T D , chi nhanh ngdn hang toan hoat ddng ndi b d v l quan ly khoan nUde ngddi nham ban c h i rdi Thdng t u 36 b l sung quy d i n h T h d n g t u 36 quy d j n h cae npi ro cho T C T D , chi nhdnh ngan ty le ve vide d i u t u , mua trdi dung t i i thieu p h i i ed cac hang nUde ngoai, nhUng mat phieu C h i n h phd eua tdng loai quy d i n h npi bd n i y khac, nhQng quy d m h gdp h i n h T C T D nham hudng ddng N h u vdy, Thdng tU 36 tao phan lam eho thj trudng ehdng von tfn dyng eda he t h i n g ngan ehuan mpc mdi v l quan trj, an khoan hoat ddng on d i n h , lanh hang vao phue v u san x u l t kinh todn boat ddng ngdn hang va m a n h Theo quy d j n h tai Thdng doanh cua n l n kinh t l , p h i i hdp gidm sat ngan hang, t i l p e$n sat t u , N H T M ehl cd t h i cho vay chat ehe gida ehfnh sach t i l n te hdn vdi t h d n g Id quoc t l v l quan toi da % von dieu Id d l dau tU, va c h i n h sach t i i khda, bao dam t r j , quan ly gidm sat ngdn hang, kinh doanh NhU vay, ddng tien an n i n h tien te Viec quy d i n h t^ tdng bude thpc hidn cdc quy " l o " thudng dugc cac nha dau le tai Thdng tU n h d m giam d j n h eua Basel II v l dam bao cd sd dung de true Igi tren thj sU phu thudc cda t h j trudng trdi an toan boat ddng ngan hang trPdng se g i a m , giup t h j trudng phie'u Chfnh phd vao nguon v l n Thdng t u 36 ehd t h i y q u y l t tam chdng khodn trd ndn ldnh manh ngan han cda he t h i n g ngdn cda N H N N n h i m ndng eao an hon, khuye'n khfch cdc nha d i u hang va han che rdi ro toan ho?t ddng ngdn hang, han t u t i m hieu, d i u tU vao c l p h i l u khoan cua T C T D viec dau tU che sd hQu chdo khdng lanh eua nhQng cdng t y cd nang lpe cua cac ngan hang d i l n m a n h , tap trung v o n , thao tung, tai chfnh tot thudng xuyen va thdi gian chi phoi hoat ddng ngan hang d a i , dac biet dd'i vdi cdc T C T D thdng qua cac ben lidn quan; Thdng t u 36 quy d j n h t y le toi da nguon v l n ngdn han dPdc dau t u so lUdng Idn t i l n gdi vdd Idm thay d l i nhdn thde eda cdc sd dung d l cho vay trung b a n , trai p h i l u C h i n h p h d T C T D Id phai tridt de tai eo clu dai han dd'i vdi tdng loai h i n h Ngoai ra, Thdng t u 36 ydu eau va ehd ddng thpc hien c l e quy T C T D , phu hdp vdi pham v i , T C T D , ehi nhdnh hang d i n h cda phap ludt, n h i t Id quy t i n h chat boat ddng eua tdng nPde ngodi ban hdnh mdt so d j n h an toan hoat ddng lo^i h i n h T C T D , thde day tang quy d j n h ndi bd nham nang eao k i n h doanh t i l n t d trudng t i n dung, lanh m ^ n h gan c h i t lupng quan tri ndi bd cua vdi an tddn khoan T C T D Cu t h e , T C T D p h i i ban din ngdn 1.3, Cic liin quan VAMC (Cong ty Quin quy djnh If tai Thdng t u 36 bo sung quy d j n h hanh quy d j n h ndi b d v l d p tfn san cua cic TCTD Viet Nam) bS v l ty le td'i da dP np cho vay so dung, quan 1^ tien vay d l bao trd cho qui trinh vdi t i n g t i l n gdi d l h i trp bao d i m vide sd d y n g von vay ddng M u c tieu eua tai d u true h§ d a m an todn khoan, kha myc d i c h ; quy d j n h nOi bd v l t h i n g ngdn hang la Idm lanh ndng ehi tra eua T C T D TPdng ddnh gid chat iPpng tai san ed manh he thong vd x d ly ng xlu ^ TAPCHiNGANHANG |SdCHUYENDE2015 xd ly ng xau ^ TRO CO OUAN THANH TRA, GIAM SAT NGAN HANG TRONG TAI CAU TRUC VA XH LY N0 XAU ( Xd ly ng xau dugc xac djnh la TT-NHNN nhi^m vu trgng tdm nham tao quy djnh v l ehe k l todn cda nln tang cho su phat triln an VAMC ngdy 19/12/2014 Dinh hUdng hoan thien quy tfinh ve an toan hoat tfong cua TCTD Vdi sP phdt trien khdng ngdng toin, ben vdng cda h$ thd'ng Ban hanh eae Quylt djnh cdc TCTD den nam 2020 Ngay thdnh ldp VAMC, phd duyet Nam trdng thdi gian qua va yeu 31/5/2013, Thd tudng Chinh Dieu le to ehde va hoat ddng cau cd d u lai he thong TCTD phd ky ban bdnh Quylt dinh so eda VAMC, d p vd'n dilu Id eho giai doan hidn nay, viec 843/QD-TTg phd duy$t De an VAMC, ban hanh Quy e h l ho^t nang cao quy dinh an toan chd "Xd ly np xlu eda he thd'ng cae ddng cda Ban kilm sodt VAMC, hd thing cic TCTD dUpc xem la TCTD" va D l an "Thdnh lap che dp ke tdan, quy dmh v l bao giai phap phu hpp vdi yeu clu Cdng ty Quan ly tai san eda ede eao thd'ng ke vacdng khai, minh phat triln hd thing cde TCTD TCTD Viet Nam" (Quylt djnh baeh thdng tin v l boat ddng cua an toan hon theo hudng hdi 843) Theo dd, Cdng ty TNHH VAMC eda h^ thd'ng eac TCTD tai Viet nhdp quIe te Mdc du v$y, quy mOt thdnh vien Quan ly tai san Sau mdt thdi gian hoat ddng d|nh an todn cda Viet Nam hien cda cac TCTD Viet Nam (Cdng VAMC da mua dupe lUpng Idn vln edn ed khdlng each Idn so ty Quan ly tai san - VAMC) da nd xlu td eae TCTD Thpc t l vdi cic ehuin mue an tddn quIc ddpc thdnh ldp NHNN chd tri, d l xd ly dupe khoi lUpng ldn np te mdi (Basel II va Basel III) Dd phii hop vdi eac cd quan chdc xlu, cdc TCTD khdng t h i du dd, Ngan hang Nha nude tich nang soat, nghien cdu, xdy lpe d l trfch lap dp phdng trdng cPc trien khai viee ndng cad quy dpng ban hanh va trinh d p cd thdi gian ngan, nhUng thdng qua dinh an toan doi vdi ede TCTD tham quyln ban hanh, sda d l i , VAMC, eae TCTD ed t h i kdd theo djnh hUdng: bo sung cdc van ban phap ly ddi thdi gian trieh lap dp phdng ' Hoin thidn tdng bUde theo quan trpng v l t l chdc va boat d l xd ly rdi ro Idn nam, trUdng eac ehuin mUc an toan qud'c t l ddng cda VAMC, h i trp cho viec hdp cdc TCTD dang thpc hien tot nhit d l dam bao tiln trinh mua bdn va xd ly np xlu, cu the: phUdng an tat cd d u ho|c gap hdi nhdp cang sdu va rgng - Hoan thidn khung phap ly khd khan ve tai ehinh thi thdi vdi nln kinh t l q u l c te; v l vide ldp, to chdc va ban cd the keo dai tdi 10 nam - Phd hdp vdi trinh dd pbdt hoat ddng eda VAMC: Nghi Dieu se gidp giim ap lpc tai trien ve sin pham djch vu, boat dinh s i 53/2013/ND-CP chinh cho TCTD d l cd the tai ddng kinh doanh va nang iPc 18/5/201 v l thdnh ldp, t l chdc cau trdc td't hdn trdng giai doan quan ly rui ro, dac trUng cua vd hoat ddng eda Cdng ty quan ly thj trudng khd khan VAMC tdng loai hinh TCTD d l dap dng tai san cda eae TCTD Vidt Nam, ddng vai trd la cdng ey chfnh t i t hdn eac ddi hdi va yeu clu Nghj dinh so 34/2015/ND-CP sIch dac biet cua Nhd nUdc td thpc tiln hoat dpng cua h$ sda d l i , b l sung mdt s i dieu vide xd ly np xlu, gdp thd'ng TCTD Viet Nam; Nghj djnh so 53/201 3/ND-CP; phan quan trong vide tai Thdng tu so 19/2013/TT-NHNN e d d u , ldnh manh hda tai chfnh kien n g u I n ngdy 06/9/2013 quy djnh ve cda cic TCTD, dac bidt trdng nhan lpc) cda he t h i n g T C T D vide mua, ban va xd ly np xlu viec khoi thdng va thde diy md Viet N a m de d a m bao t i n h kha cda VAMC; Thdng tP 20/201 3/ rdng tin dyng ehd nln kinh t l thi cho eac quy d i n h an todn TT-NHNN 09/09/2013 Hidn tai, NHNN dang xdy dpng mdi quy djnh v l chd vay tdi d p vln va trinh Thu tudng Chfnh phu Thpc td'vide dp dyng va hodn trdn cd sd trai philu dac bidt cua PhUdng dn mua ban nd xlu theu thien tdng bUdc cdc quy d j n h VAMC; Thdng tU so 42/2014/ gia trj thi trudng an toan da gdp p h i n khdng nhd - Cd Id t r i n h phu hpp vdi d i l u lpc (tai ehinh TAPCHiNGANHANG |5dCHUyENDE2015 vd ^ ) VAt TRO CO QUAN THANH TRA, GIAM SAT NGAN HANG TRONG TAI CAU TRUC VA X\i Lf NO X vide n l n g cao nang lUe khach hang c d lien q u a n , hoac c h u i n mpc cung la co s d d l quan trj rdi ro, tang eddng t i n h n g a n h , linh vpc; (ii) M i n h bach tra, giam sat n h a m ngan m i n h bach hoat ddng cda hda vide d p t i n dung d l i vdi c h a n , ban e h l kjp thdi eac nguy eac T C T D d o n g thdi thde day CO ddng s i n g lap, co ddng Idn, c d d i n den suy giam von co qud t r i n h hdi nhap kinh te quoc ngPdi quan ly, ngPdi dieu hanh cua T C T D Theo d d , quy djnh t l linh vue ngdn hang eua T C T D va ngudi cd lidn quan eda an toan vd'n ddi hdi sp thay ddi Vi$t N a m vdi the gidi D l hUdng nhdng ngUdi nay, d p t i n d u n g t u d u y quan trj v l n cda TCTD din t d t u i n thu gidi ban phd hgpvfii NHNN chd cdng ty c o n , cdng ty lien dang hoan thidn cae quy d i n h ke't, doanh nghiep nam q u y l n an toan ho^t ddng ngan hang k i l m soat; (iii) Han e h l , ngdn phu hpp vdi d j n h hudng ndu chan va x d ly vide d p t i n dung Ludt cdc T C T D , sai doi tupng, vUpt gidi han theo t r e n , eu the: quy d j n h eua Ludt ede T C T D ; Quy dinh vi phan loai nd va trfch lap dd phdng rdi ro Quy djnh v l phdn (iv) K i l m sodt chat che va ban e h l vide T C T D nam g i d , thdu loai np, trich ldp vd sd d y n g dP phdng d l x d ly rdi ro dugc xdy dpng theo hudng chat che hdn, phan dnh ehfnh xde hdn c h i t Ippng quy m d tdi san sang quan trj von theo mdc rdi ro Viec t r i l n khai Chuan mpc an toan v l n Basel II eda cdc TCTD Viet N a m dUde thpc hien theo Id t r i n h : Din tdm T C T D khdc thdng qua vide d p tin dung de khach h i n g dau tu, kinh doanh c6 p h i l u , sau dd nhdn dy q u y l n dai didn cl culi nam : 10 N H T M thpc hidn dupe phddng p h a p ehuan hda (co ban) - T d - : 10 NHTM ddng eho khdeh hang nam g i d thpc CO phieu tai T C T D khac; (v) Yeu nang cad vd eac N H T M khac chd viec trfch lap du nguon d p cau T C T D theo d d i , ddnh gia, thpc hidn dupe ft nhat la phUdng phdng va cai thidn tfnh ludng thudng xuydn cde yd'u p h d p chuan hda (cd ban) t i n d u n g , np xau, lam cO sd minh baeh quan trj ngdn hang: t i t l e ddng den gidi ban d p t i n hien thed phPdng phap ^ Quy dinh an toan khoag (i) Nguyen t i e ghi nhdn gia tri dung, t d dd cd ke ho^ch kinh Q u y d j n h ve cac ty Id khdan np, phan Idai vd trfch lap doanh phd hpp, dong thdi day k h d l n dupe xay dpng phd hdp d u phdng phd hpp vdi thdng l#, cung la ed sd de t h a n h tra, gidm vdi e i c nghien eiJu cda Basel c h u i n mpc ke toan q u I e t l sdt nham ngan chan kjp thdi n h a m d a m b i d T C T D , ehi nhanh (i i) Nguyen tic xdy dpng quy d i n h ndi bd v l quan ly tfn dung, x I p hang t i n d y n g ndi b d d l x I p h^ng khdeh h a n g , lam cd sd eho vide xdt duyet dp eae nguy c d ddn dd'n v i p h a m ngan hang nUde ngddi theo doi, gidi han, m i t an toan danh gid trUde t i n h hinh kha Quy dinh an toan von nang chi tra giai ddan tiep C h u i n mpc an todn v l n tid'n thed d l T C T D , c h i nhdnh ngari tdi ydu cau T C T D phai tri hdng nude n g o i i chd ddng va co mdc vd'n d d d l bd d i p eho rdi cde giai p h a p thpc hien tri, d y n g , xay dpng ehfnh sach d p ro t i n d u n g , rdi ro hoat dgng va d a m b l o an toan c h i tra, phdng rui ro rui ro thi trudng, yeu c l u T C T D khoan trdn c d sd mdc dd chdnh tfn d y n g , quan ly c h i t Ippng t i n Quy dinh ve gidi ban cip tin dung Cdc quy d i n h v l vl Idch v l d d n g t i l n phd hpp v6i ddnh gia c h i t lugng tai san cd e h u i n mpc va thdng Id q u I c t l ; va T C T D phai dieu c h l n h danh phai cd quy d j n h n|i bd han ehd', va tuan thu ty Id an toan vd'n toi gidi ban d p tfn dung dupe xdy thieu nham ydu cau T C T D thed muc d i u t u , ty le tang trddng | dpng vdi ngi dung q u i n ly d p ddi, danh gia, ludng thudng t i n dung d mde hpp ly, vda phiJ t i n dgng chat che nham (i) Han xuyen eac y l u to tac ddng d i n hpp vdi myc tidu, d j n h hPdn| e h l rdi ro t i n dung tdp trung ty Ip an toan v l n t d dd ed ke pbdt t r i l n eda hd t h o n g TCTD I vao mdt khdch hang, mdt nhdm hoach kinh doanh phd hpp Cac Viet (^ TAPCHiNGANHANG |SCiGHUYENDE2015 N a m thdi gian tai - V:!i\ TRO CO QUAN THANH TRA G)AM SAT NGAN H A N G TRONG TAI CAU TRUC VA XU LY NO XAU ^ '' (tang trudng t i n d u n g hang ndm N H N N quy d j n h ve khoan t h u , qud'c t l ludn dUdc N H N N quan ""' khoang - % ) , vda phu hdp tam dng eda V A M C d l i vdi c i c t a m dung mde N H N N se t i l p '^'^ vdi d i l u k i d n k i n h t l - xa hdi va khoan np xau dUpc mua bang tue xay dPng va hoan t h i e n edn "^i trdi p h i l u dac biet; Nghi d i n h b i n , dong bd khung phdp ly ve mdi trudng k i n h te vT m d kinh an toan boat ddng ngan h a n g , quan ly t h a n h khoan n h a m yeu d o a n h , mua ban np va cac vdn tra, giam sat ngdn hang, tiiit c l u T C T D theo d d i , d d n h gia, ban quy p h a m p h a p luat cd lidn quan tri va boat ddng eda c i c liiiij ludng thudng xuyen cac ye'u quan; ^» t i t l e d i n g d i n kha nang ehi tra (ii) T r i n h Thd tudng Chfnh phu ^ Thdng qua q u y d i n h ndi bd v l ik quy dinh ve dieu kien T C T D phd hgp vdi chud'n mPc, thdng Id qud'c te va d i l u kidn td dd ed ke hoach kinh d o a n h , phe duydt PhUdng dn mua bdn thpc t i l n 4, phUdng I n d p phdng x d ly thieu n d xau theo gia trj t h i trUdng de hpp quy d j n h tai Ludt N H N N , ,^ hut khoan phu hgp V A M C thpc h i d n ; L u | t c l e T C T D , Luat Thanh tra La Quy dinh vi gidi han gdp vd'n, (iii) Tang cUdng cdng tac cda Viet N a m , phd nham h i trp cho viee thpc hien quan ly, tra, gidm sat cae mge tieu cd d u l a i , x d ly np xa'u Quy d i n h v l gidi han gdp v l n , T C T D va bao d i m an toan he cua eae T C T D Vide h o i n thidn mua CO p h a n , ty Id nam giU co t h i n g eac T C T D ; phat hien va khung phdp ly v l an toan hoat x d ly nghiem cae trUdng hdp vi ddng ngan hang tao mdi trPdng dich (i) Han e h l vide thao tung, p h a m p h d p ludt ve boat ddng thuc k i l m soat, sd hdu cheo cua ngdn tfn d u n g ; gidm sdt thPdng xuydn m ^ n h cda he t h i n g cdc T C T D , hang, cdng ty tai e h i n h doi vdi eac T C T D vide t r i l n khai dong thdi hd trp tieh cpc eho ^Hi'^' ede T C T D khdc thdng qua vide k l hoach x d ly nd xau ndm 201 qua t r i n h phat t r i l n b i n vdng hatlip cung vdi edng ty eon, cdng ty da duge p h d duyet; cda eae T C T D sau tai ed d u " mua ci •^ p h i l u ™v phan cda TCTD nham mye ofc, lidn k i t , cdng ty kiem sodt mua, (iv) Ch? dao V A M C phd'i hdp Ml nam g i d e l p h i l u , gdp von va vdi cdc T C T D d i y m?nh mua, dlj^' mua CO p h a n ; (ii) H a n che d i u x d ly nd xau theo quy d m h eua jj^jji tP dan trai ngoai nganh vda phap ludt hien b d n h ^pjji khdng t i p trung nguon lUe cho ^ ij hoat ddng c h i n h v l n khd k i l m , soat dUde rui ro IHHlte ,.i ifiii™" ^ Hs^^ ' K^t lu^n N H N N da va dang t r i l n khai , Q u / djnh vd xd ly nd xau -.-•-• I •11 IL-^ Tiep tue hoan thien khuon kho quylt lidt, d i n g bO cae gili p h a p x d ly ng x l u theo D e an phap ly v l mua, ban va x d ly n d dugc Thd tudng Chfnh phu phd x l u , d d tdp trung: duyet t?i Q u y l t di.nh sd / (1) Sda d o i , b l sung Thdng tU QD-TTg ngay31/5/2013 d I d U a [Itieiii! so / / T T - N H N N phd hgp ty le np x l u v l mdc dUdi % vao cliitti vdi N g h i d i n h s i 34/201 / N D - cud'i nam ; ndng cao nang nltifi^ CP / / cua C h f n h lpc x d ly n g x l u eda V A M C va pltjiiJ phd sda d l i , bd sung mdt so d i l u tdng budc trien khai mua b i n ,g|e(|iS cua Nghj d j n h s i / / N D - np x l u theo gia tri t h | trPdng i0i theo PhUdng an dUdc Thu tudng CP ngdy / / vl jlPgU lap, to chdc va boat ddng cda C h i n h phd phe duydt Trong qua [ ^iP] V A M C cda thUe t r i n h doi mdi ca c h i , c h i n h sdch, ,± ^ t i l n ; d p thao Thdng tU thay t h i tai d u true he thd'ng ngan hang, I vide nghidn edU, xem xet dp va ydu e i u f Thdng t u s i / / T T - N H N N ^°"\ ngdy / / cda Thong d i e day su phat t r i l n lanh TAI Lliu THAM KH&O: - Luat c^C TCTO so 47/2010/OH12 - Quyet (Jjnti 112/2006/QO-ng 24 thang nam 2006 phfi duyet Oe Sn phattn^n ngdnh Ngan hang Viet Nam tfgn nam 2010 v^ dinh ht/dng ff^n nam 2020; Quylt dinti so 254/QO-TTg cita Thtj tUdng Chinh phu 1/3/2012 phe duyet Oe an "CO cau lat he thong cac TCTD giai doan 2011 -2015" - Nght flinh so 53/2013/NO-CP ngSy 18/5/2013 ve lap, to chifc va hoat dgng ctia Cong ty quSn IJ t^i san ctia cac TCTD Vi^t Nam; Nghi mu s6 34/2015/NO-CP ngSty 31/3/2015 cua Chinh phtj sCia ddi, bo sung mpt so dieu cua Nghi dinh so 53/2013/NOCP - Thang tu so 02/2013/rr-NHNN 21/01/2013 quy dmh ve phan loai lai Sctn co, mtic Inch, phUcfng ptiSp trich lap dU phdng rut ro va vi$c sil dung dU phdng 6i nit IJ mi ro hoat dOng cua TCTD, chi nhSnh ngan hang nJdc ngoai; Thflng tU s6 09/2014/ n-NHNN 18/3/2014 cita Thong doc NHNN ve viec st3a dot b6 sung mpt s6 dieu ctia Thong tLf so 02/2013/TT-NHfJN 21/1/2013 - Thong tu s6 36/2014/TT-NHNN ngSiy 8/12/2014 ve viec quy dinh ve quy dinh ve cac gidi han, ty 16 b^o dcim an toan hoat dSng cita TCTD, chi nhanh ngan hang nifdc dyng cac e h u i n mUe vd thdng Id TAP CHI NGAN HANG j SO CHUYEN DE 2015 ^ ... phan nang cao nang lUc quan tri rui ro t i n dyng cua cac T C T D , han ehe no xau gia tang va nang cao chat luong tfn dung 1.2 Quy dinh ve gidi ban, le bio dam an toan dpng cua TCTD, ngan hang... chi nhanh ngan hang nUdc ngoai sd dung de eho vay trung han, hoat ddng ngan hang va giam phai thudng xuyen tri ty le dai han, gidi han gdp vo''n, mua sat ngan hang Cac quy d m h an toan vd''n td''i... ddn dd''n v i p h a m ngan hang nUde ngddi theo doi, gidi han, m i t an toan danh gid trUde t i n h hinh kha Quy dinh an toan von nang chi tra giai ddan tiep C h u i n mpc an todn v l n tid''n thed