THl/CTIEN-KINH NGHIEM GIAI PHAP CHU YEU NHAM XLT LY NHIEM MOI TRUOiNG KHU CONG NGHIEP TINH THANH H A LlTHIPHl/aNG* Trong nhiing nam gan day, cac khu cong nghiep cua tinh Thanh Hoa phat trien kha nhanh, thuc day tang trudng, phat trien kinh te, giai quyet viec lam, tang thu nhap, cai thien ddi song cua nhan dan Tuy nhien, tinh trang nhiem moi trudng cac khu cdng nghiep (KCN) cang tang; viec xu ly nhiem mdi trudng chua thuc su hieu qua Vi vay, tim kiem nhdng giai phap chu yeu nham day manh xd lyhieu qua nhiem moi trudng dam bao phat trien ben vung KCN d tinh Thanh Hda la rat cap bach Tmh hinh phattrien cac KCN dtinh Thanh Hoa Hien nay, toan tinh Thanh Hda da ed cic khu kinh tl, KCN sau' - Khu kinh tl Nghi Son Khu Kinh te Nghi Son nam phia Nam tinh Thanh Hoa, tren true giao luu Bac - Nam cua dit nudc, duge ihanh lap theo Quyet dinh sd 102/QD-TTg 15 thing 05 nam 2006 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu, vdi dien tich hon 18.000 ha, gan vdi eing nude sau Nghi Son, Day la khu kinh tl tdng hgp da nganh, da linh vuc vdi trgng tam li cdng nghiep ning va cdng nghiep ca ban nhu: Igc hda dau, luyen cin thep cao cap, sda ehua va ddng mdi tau bien, nhiet dien, vat lieu xay dyng, sin xuat, che bien hang tieu dung va hang xuat khau Vdi tiem nang, loi thi va vi tri thuan lgi, khu kinh tl Nghi Son se ird khu vuc phit trien nang ddng, trgng diem phia Nam eua vimg kinh t l trgng diem Bac Bd, tgo ddng lye, sdc lan tda manh me thuc day kinh te - xa hdi eua tinh Thanh Hda va cac tinh lan can phit trien Hien nay, khu kinh tl Nghi Son da thu hut dugc 74 du in dau tu, dd 68 du an dau tu nudc vdi tdng vdn dang ky khoang 93,000 ty ddng va 08 du an diu lu nudc ngoai vdi tdng vdn dang ky khoing 12,1 ty USD, rieng Du an Lien hgp Ige hda dau Nghi San ed vdn dau tu tren ty USD, edng suit 10 trieu tan sin pham/nam, la mdt nhung du an diu tu nude ngoai Idn nhit ciia Viet Nam, du kiln se hoan dau tu va van hanh thuang mai vao nam 2017 Mdt sd du an Idn ' Cao hoc Kinh te phat then Hoc vien CTQGHCM 68 iTAPCHfKINHT^VAQUANLy i S6l2(11 -2014) nhu: Nha may Xi mang Nghi Son, cdng suit 4,3 trieu tin/nam, Nha m i y xi mang Cdng Thanh, cdng s u i t 5,8 trieu tIn/nam; Trung tam Nhiet dien, tdng edng suit 2.400 MW; Nha may luyen cin thep Nghi San 01 trieu l l n phdi/nim ,w dang hoat ddng hoac irien khai xay dung, gdp phin thuc day khu kmh t l Nghi Son phit tnen ird t h i n h trung tam cdng nghiep tdn cua d i t nudc - Khu cdng nghiep Le Mdn: day la khu cdng nghiep tap trung tdn cua tinh nam each Thanh Thanh Hda km ve phia ddng, canh qudc Id 47 ndi lien Thanh Thanh Hda vdi thi xa Sim Son, dien tich quy hoach 87.61 Khu cdng nghiep Le Mdn da duge dau tu co sd tang mot each ddng bg, d i m b i o cung d p : dien, nude, thdng tin lien lae va cic dich vy khae, Tinh chit cua KCN la cdng nghiep sin xult hing tieu dung; det may, gily da xult khau; ehl biln ndng, lam, thuy san; ehl tao lap rip eg khi; dien td; thiet hi vien thdng; s i n xuat phan mem; s i n xuat vat lieu xay dung eao cap, thu cdng my nghe truyin thdng Din da cd tren 30 doanh nghiep dang ky thue d i t de dau tu xay dung vdi tdng sd vdn dau tu tren 700 ti ddng, dd 14 doanh nghiep da xay dyng xong vdi sd vdn d i u tu gan 500 ti ddng, dang di vao s i n xult kinh doanh cd hieu qua, dac biet la cic du i n cua cae doanh nghiep Nhat Ban nhu: nha m i y may Sakurai Viet Nam, nha may may Yotsuba Dress, n h i m i y may Nomura Thanh Hda, nha may s i n xuat giay dep xuat khau, - Khu cdng nghiep Dinh Huang - lay Bae Ga KCN Dinh Huang - Tiy Bie Ga n i m d phia Bie phd Thanh Hoi, s i t Qudc Id IA, each trung lam phd km, each cang Le Mdn km each ga dudng sat Bac - Nam km vdi quy md 162,7 dd KCN Tay Bac Ga 133,85 ha; KCN Dinh Huang 28,85 Cic linh vuc uu tien dau tu la: san xuat lip r i p hang dien td, vien thdng; may mac, bao bi; san xuat dd gia dung, thu cdng my nghe; ehl bien ndng lam s i n thuc pham, thuc an gia sue, gia d m ; cic nganh co c h i lao, lap rap va dich vu Hien tai ed hang tram du an dang boat dgng, niiieu du i n san xuat kinh doanh ed hieu q u i nhu Nha m i y e h l tao co Z l l l , Nha m i y s i n xuat thep, Nha may s i n xult bao bi gily - Khu edng nghiep Bim Son: KCN Bim Son n i m d phia Bac tinh Thanh Hoi, canh Qude Id IA; cich trung tam Thanh phd Thanh Hoi 30 km, cd tuyen dudng sat Bac - Nam chay qua, vdi quy md dien tich la 566 ha, dd Khu A: 308 ha; Khu B- 258 Day la KCN ed vi tri dia ly t h u i n lgi, nam sit trung tam thi xa Bim Son; Ihuan loi ve ngudn cung cap dien, nudc, giao thdng va dich vu; d l thu hut ngudn lao dpng cd tay nghi, ehi phi d i t dai v i diu tu t i n g thap ban nhilu so vdi eic KCN khic d miln Bac Viet Nam, Hien da cd 22 du an vdi tong vdn dau tu len tdi hang tram trieu USD, dd ed cie doanh nghiep dang boat dpng s i n xult ed hieu qua nhu' nha miy dtd VE/VM edng suit 33,000 xe/nam; n h i may sang chiet nap gas; nha m i y s i n xult vat lieu xay dung; nha may san xult bao bi xi mang - Khu cdng nghe cao Lam Son - Sao Vang, nam d phia Tay, each trung tam phd Thanh Hoi 40 km, canh S i n bay Tho Xuan, dudng Hd Chi Minh va Qudc Id 47, Thanh Hda dang tap trung xay dung Khu cdng nghiep Lam San - Sao Vang Khu cdng nghiep edng nghe cao, gan vdi khu ndng nghiep edng nghe eao Lam San - Sao Vang, vdi tdng dien tich khoing 000 ha, dinh hudng tuang lai se cung vdi khu kinh t l Nghi San trd dau tau kinh te cua tinh Hien tai, dang cd nhieu dy i n boat ddng san xuat kinh doanh cd hieu qua nhu: nha m i y dudng Lam Son edng suat 6.000 tan mia/ngay, nha m i y giay Mye San edng suit 10 n g i n tan/nam, nha may san xuat phan bdn vi sinh cd cdng suat 80,000 tan/nam va nhieu xi nghiep khae dang boat ddng - Khu Cdng nghiep Hoang Long: KCN Hoang Long nam d phia Bac t h i n h phd Thanh Hoa, eanh Qudc Id IA, each trung tam phd 03 km vdi dien tieh 286.82 Nhung nganh nghe thu hut dau tu: may mac, da giay, thii Sc5l2(11-2014)lTAPCHiKINHT£vAQUANLV| THUrc TIJN-KINH NGHIEM edng my nghe, dien, dien tii, phan mem, lap may siia chiia, lip r i p edng nghe eao, san xull dd gia dung, xay dung khu nha d eho edng n h i n va cae cdng trinh edng cdng dich vu thuang mai Hien cd cic dy i n dang boat ddng san xuat kinh doanh cd hieu q u i nhu: 02 Nha may s i n xuat giay dep xuat khau eua Tap doan Hong-Fu (Dai Loan) , Phat trien cie khu kinh te, KCN da tic dgng tich cue den t i n g trudng, phat trien kinh te - xa hgi cua tinh, the hien tren eic mat sau: Thd nhat, FDI vao cie khu kinh t l , KCN da bd sung ngudn vdn quan trgng cho diu tu phit trien, d i p irng nhu cau lang irudng cua tinh Nam 2013, ty trgng vdn diu tu FDI cic khu kinhll, KCN dat 11,6% vdn diu tu toan xa hdl Thd hai, FDI vao cie khu kinh t l , KCN tang nhanh, gdp phan chuyen dich co cau kinh t l theo hudng tieh cue Ty trgng nganh cdng nghiep - xay dung nam 2006 ehi ehilm 35,1% GDP d i n nam 2013 da tang ten 43,9%, Nam 2013, gia trj s i n xuat cdng nghiep (GTSXCN) eua cic doanh nghiep FDI cie khu kinh te, KCN chilm ty trgng 28.2% toin tinh Ben canh do, kim ngach xult khau eua eac doanh nghiep FDI cae khu kinh t l , KCN tang nhanh, td ty trgng 2,9% toan tinh nam 2006, tang len 57,9%o nam 2013 (533 trieu USD), ddng gdp quyet dinh thue hien thing lgi mye lieu vl xuat khau tai Nghi quylt Dai hdi Tinh Dang bg lln thd XVI (giai doan 2006-2010) v i Dai hgi lan thd XVII (giai doan 2011-2015), Thd ba, ben canh ddng gdp cho ngan sach (nam 2013 dat 445 ty ddng), eac doanh nghiep FDI cic khu kmh t l , KCN da gdp p h i n quan trgng tao viec lam, t i n g nang s u i t lao ddng, cai thien ngudn nhan luc, Tinh d i n nay, toin tinh ed khoang 39,500 lao ddng dang tryc liep lam viec tai cac doanh nghiep FDI cic khu kinh te, KCN, quy luang hang nam udc dat 1.659 tyddng Thd ta thu hut FDI vao eic khu kinh t l , KCN da t i e ddng eai thien ding ke ehi sd nang lye hgi nhap kmh t l qudc t l linh Thanh Hda, nang eao vi the eua Thanh Hda quan he ddi ngoai Nam 2013, nang luc hgi nhap kinh t l qudc t l tinh Thanh Hda x I p thd 6/63 tinh, phd ca nudc, try cdt d i u tu xep thd 8/63 tinh, phd, Dong thdi, cac doanh nghiep FDI edn tao phucmg there quan tri mdi, td dd tac ddng tan tda den cic phan kinh te khae, khoi day cac ngudn luc dau tu xi hdl va tao su chuyen biln lich cue ve lu duy, t i e phong cdng nghiep cho ngudn nhan lye cda tinh Nhufng van Se Sat ve moi trirdng phat trien KCN d tinh Thanh Hoa Ben canh nhung k i t qua dat duac thi viec phat trien cie khu kinh t l , KCN tinh Thanh Hda thdi gian qua da dat mdt sd van d l tdn tai ve d nhiem mdi trudng, the hien d mdt so ndi dung sau - Ve nudc thai: Tdng sd nudc thai tai eac khu kinh t l KCN eua tinh hien d mde 6.368 mVngiy dem Trong dd, chi cd KCN cd he thdng xd ly nude t h i i cdng nghiep tap trung la KCN Le Mdn v i KCN Dinh Huong vdi idng cdng suit xd ly 5.200 mVngay dem Nha may hien dang xd ly khoang 800 m^/ngay dem, dap dng dugc 45% long lugng nude thai cdng nghiep Cac doanh nghiep ty xay dung he thdng xii ly nudc ihii ndi bd, vdi edng nghe t h i p va thudng xin gily phep xa t h i i true tiep mdi trudng tilp nhan chung Ket q u i quan trie nude thai tai cie KCN hau bet ed ham lugng ehit rin la Idng cao, n i m ngoai gidi han eho phep ciia quy chuan Vi$t Nam - v l thu gom, xu: ly chat t h i i ran: Tdng sd chit thii ran (CTR) eua cie khu kinh t l , KCN hien khoang 99.257 tIn/nam, dd c6 khoang 3% la r i c edng nghiep nguy hai khu kinh t l Nghi Son ed iugng CTR Idn nhat (chilm 66,7%), nhung ty le thu gom, xd ly CTR mdi dat 54,6% - Ve chit lugng mdi trudng khdng khi: Chit lugng mdi trudng khong e i c KCN co chilu hudng gia l i n g d nhiem, mdi ehi xiy cue bd tai mdt sd diem (theo k i t qua quan 70 iTAPCHlKINHlfvAQUANLy I SC5 12 (11-2014) trie mdi trudng) Dien hinh nhu tai KCN Lam Son, td nam 2005 d i n 2012, chi tieu bui vugt quy chuan eho phep (QCCP) tu 1,4 den 3,2 lan; SO2 vugt QCCP 1,03 lan; chi tieu NH3 vugt QCCP 1,01 lan Ham tuang byi tai cie KCN hien vugt tieu chuan cho phep - , lan Hien tugng dd ri chat d nhiem td q u i trinh s i n xult v i t i e ddng gian tiep td thii van chua dugc kiem soat nhiem mdi trudng tai cac khu kinh te, KCN da giy t i e ddng xau tdi cac he sinh t h i i tu nhien Dac biet nudc thai s i n xuat khdng qua xd ly, xa thai true tiep vao mdi trudng gay nhtrng thiet hai d i n g ke tdi san x u l t ndng nghiep va nudi thuy san lai cac khu vuc lan can Mat khic d nhiem mdi trudng da lam gia t i n g ginh nang benh tat gia tang ty le ngudi m i e benh dang lao ddng ehinh tai eac khu kinh tl, KCN va edng ddng dan cu sdng gan Trude tinh irang tren, nhung nam vira qua, tinh Thanh Hda ludn quan tam ehi dao tang cudng pdng lac BVMT cie KCN Nhd dd, cdng tic BVMT tai cae khu kinh t l , KCN tren dia ban loan linh da dat duoe nhung kll qua ndi bit sau: - Viee nghien edu de td chdc trien khai thue hien Luat BVMT, cic v i n ban quy pham p h i p luat ve BVMT dugc thuc hien thudng xuyen va tuang ddi nghiem luc UBND tinh d i ban hanh Chi thi sd 19/CT 22/8/2011 ve viee tang cudng cdng t i c quan ly Nha nude ve BVMT tren dia b i n tinh Thanh Hda, - Trong q u i trinh lap quy hoach chi tiet cac KCN, viec quy hoach cac ket cau tang lien quan den xd ly mdi trudng ludn dugc uu tien xem xel Cung vdi dd, cic du i n d i u tu vao cac KCN deu dugc d i n h gii t i c dgng mdi trudng (DTM) Qui trinh dau tu va boat dgng, eac chu dau tu ca b i n deu cd y thdc thue hien eac cam kit DTM - Cdng t i e tra, kiem tra, quan trac, giim sal mdi irudng lai eic KCN dupe ihuc hien tuong ddi thudng xuyen Qua do, da phat hien, xii ly nhilu trudng hgp vi pham Ci biet da ed trudng hgp dinh chi boat ddng cua doanh nghiep de xd ly mdi trudng Ben canh dd, cdng t i c giim sit cua nhan dan v i cac td chue doan the ciing dugc cdng khai, thudng xuyen - Tinh den nay, toin bg cic du an dau tu vao cac KGN tren dia ban tinh deu thudc cac nganh san xuat khdng cd nguy co d i e biet cao ve lugng rac thii nudc thai, hda chat ddc hai nhu linh vuc del nhugm, hda chat, thudc da Do dd, tai eic KCN khdng xiy nhiing vy viec noi com, nghiem trgng ve d nhiem mdi trudng Tuy nhien, d nhiem mdi trudng c i c KCN d Thanh Hda van cdn kha nan giii, Cd nhieu nguyen nhan dan den viec xd ly d nhiem mdi trudng ehua thuc su hieu q u i la: - Ha tang ky thual xii ly d nhiem mdi irudng tai eic KCN edn gap nhieu khd khan Hien chi cd KCN ed he thdng xu ly nudc thai tap trung, Tai cac KCN deu chua bd tri dien tich dung xii ly rac thii cdng nghiep tap trung; chua cd he thdng quan trac thii ty ddng Trong dd, cdng nghe thu gom, xii ty nudc thai, rac thai cua cic dy i n rieng biet KCN tai ehii yeu l i cdng nghe "trung binh", mot sd trang thilt bi xd ly bui, xd ty cdn rat so sii v i mang tinh hinh thdc, khd xii ly triet de cae ngudn thai - Ngudn lye dam bao xii ly d nhiem, BVMT cic KCN cdn ban ehl Dac biet, ngudn vdn dau tu nhd be, phan tan Viec bd tri cin bp chuyen trich edng t i c mdi trudng cae don vi s i n xult kinh doanh cdn ban ehl, cung lam giim hieu q u i cong t i e BVMT tai cie KCN - Cdng t i c quan ty Nha nudc ve BVMT cd tuc, cd noi thieu kien quyet, chua giam sat bet Mac du cac du i n d i u tu khu kinh le, KCN deu dugc d i n h gii t i c dpng mdi trudng (DTM), song van edn tinh trang DTM khdng d i m b i o chat lugng, cdng nghe s i n xuat eu ky, lac hau nhung van duge phe duyet; viec chip hanh c i c bien p h i p cam ket DTM qua trinh hoat ddng chua thuc hien nghiem tuc Hien tugng len lut xa nude thai chua qua xii ly mdi trudng van cdn tdn tai Mot sd doanh nghiep KCN gay d nhiem mdi trudng, d i hi xii ly vi pham va yeu cau khic phye, song viec khic S(5l2(ll -2014)|TAPCHrKINHTivAQUANLy| 71 THl/CTIEN-KINH NGHIEM nghiep vy eho dpi ngu can bd chuyen t r i c h cdng t i c mdi trudng; trang hi eac phuang tien ky thuat hien dai de phuc vy cd hieu q u i hoat dgng cua cie tuc tugng Bon la, chu trpng va td chiic thuc hien nghiem tue viee tham dinh, d i n h gii t i c dpng mdi trudng ddi vdi eac du an dau tu, tren ea sd do, CO quan chuyen mdn tham muu chinh xac cho cap cd tham quyen xem xet quyet dinh viee cap hay khdng cap Giay chdng nhan dau tu Gidi phap chu yeu nham day manh xuT ly Viec quyet dinh eac du an d i u tu can dugc can n h i i m moi triTcrng KCN d t i n h Thanh nhac ky ludng giua lgi Ich dem tai trudc mat vdi Hoa thdi gian tdi nhung anh hudng cua nd d i n mdi trudng ve Mot la, thudng xuyen td chdc lap huan, lau dai hudng dan thuc hien cac vin ban phap luat cua Nam la, khuyen khich cie ehu du i n d i u tu Nha nudc v l BVMT ddi vdi chu doanh nghiep i p dyng nhiing quy trinh s i n xuat mdi sach diu tu xay dyng v i kinh doanh tang ky thuat ban hoac cdng nghe sach Uu tien cho phep eac khu kinh t l , KCN va chu cac du i n dau t u dau t u cac nganh san x u l t sach hoac it chit cic khu kinh te, KCN nham tao sy chuyen thii bien va nang cao nhan thuc, y thirc chap hanh Sau la, tang eudng ngudn lue eho BVMT tai phap luat BVMT, xay dung y thuc sinh thii lam cic khu kinh te, KCN Bd tri ngudn ngan sach cho mgi ngudi n h i n thue mot cich ty giac ve d i m b i o eho boat ddng BVMT; day manh hop vi tri, vai trd, mdi quan he mat thiet giiia ty t i c qudc te ve cdng t i e BVMT, tranh thu keu nhien - ngudi - x i hdi ggi, van ddng c i c d y in, eac n h i tai trg qudc Hai la, chu irgng edng t i c quy hoach, ke te dau tu eho edng t i c BVMT Ddng thdi soil, hoach phat irien cic khu kinh te, KGN gan vdi ed ke hoach dao tao bdi dudng dgi ngii ein bo BVMT, tranh tinh trang quy hoach tran lan, ehuyen trich lam cdng t i e BVMT tai eic doanh ihieu ddng bg, chdng eheo gay khd khin cho nghiep c i c KCN • edng tic quin ti ndi chung, quan li mdi trudng ndi rieng Thye hien cdng khai, minh bach cac quy hoach, cac dy an keu ggi dau tu c i e khu kinh te, KCN va tao dieu kien de mgi td chue va cdng dan ed the tham gia p h i n bien xa TAI l4UTHAM KHAO hgi ve t i c ddng mdi trudng cua nhung quy 1) Hge vien Ctiinh tri qudc gia Ho Clu Minh, Giao hoach va dy i n dd trinh Kinh te hoc phat trien, Nxb Lyluan chinh tn Ha Ba la tang cudng cdng t i c nam tinh hinh, Ngi, nam 2006 tra, kiem tra giim sat ve mdi trudng 2) Sd Cong Thaang tinh Thanh Hoa, Bao cao tinh (thudng xuyen, dinh ky, dot xuat) tai eac khu hinh phat trien khu cong nghiep khu che xuat d tinh kinh t l , KCN; phdi hgp chat che giua cae co Thanh Hoa, nam 2013 quan chuyen mdn, n h i t la giiia lue lugng 3) Tinh uy Uyban nhan dSn, Hoi ddng nhan dSn tra mdi trudng vdi tyc luong canh s i t mdi tinh Thanh Hoa, Ke hoach phat trien kmh te - xi hoi trudng cac cap, nham phit hien, ngan chan va cua tinh Thanh Hoa, giai doan 2010-2015 xii li kip thdi, triet de nhiing hanh vi gay d 4) Sd Tai nguyen va Moi trudng tinh Thanh Hoa, nhiem mdi trudng eua cae Chii du an d i u tu Bao cao tinh tiinh xdlyo nhiem moi tradng cac Ddng thdi, nang cao nang lire ehuyen mdn KCN, Thanh Hoa, nam 2013 phuc vi pham cdn cham tre, - He thdng phip luat ve bio ve mdi trudng KCN cung chua hoan ehinh Chua hinh he thdng c i c quy dinh thdng n h i t ve cdng tac q u i n ty mdi trudng KCN theo cac loai hinh d nhiim (ran, long, khi) Quy dinh ve tham dinh mdi trudng ddi vdi eac dy i n cdn cham dugc ddi mdi va chua ed che tai mang tinh rang huge cao.,, 72 I T A P C H I K I N H T ^ V A Q U A N L V I 5(5 12 (11-2014) ... thuc day khu kmh t l Nghi Son phit tnen ird t h i n h trung tam cdng nghiep tdn cua d i t nudc - Khu cdng nghiep Le Mdn: day la khu cdng nghiep tap trung tdn cua tinh nam each Thanh Thanh Hda... Thaang tinh Thanh Hoa, Bao cao tinh (thudng xuyen, dinh ky, dot xuat) tai eac khu hinh phat trien khu cong nghiep khu che xuat d tinh kinh t l , KCN; phdi hgp chat che giua cae co Thanh Hoa, nam... mang - Khu cdng nghe cao Lam Son - Sao Vang, nam d phia Tay, each trung tam phd Thanh Hoi 40 km, canh S i n bay Tho Xuan, dudng Hd Chi Minh va Qudc Id 47, Thanh Hda dang tap trung xay dung Khu cdng