KHOA HOC, CONG NGHE CHUYEN GIAO DANH GIA TAC DONG MOI TRlTCiNG NlT6C til hoat Mng cua nha may tuyen uuang apatit Tang Loong, Lao Cai ThS NGUYEN QUANG MINH Trudng Dai hgc Mo Dia chat Tom tat ONMT nude[.]
KHOA H O C , CONG NGHE - CHUYEN GIAO DANH GIA TAC D O N G MOI TRlTCiNG NlT6C tilhoat Mng cua nha may tuyen uuang apatit Tang Loong, Lao Cai ThS NGUYEN QUANG MINH Trudng Dai hgc Mo - Dia chat Tom tat: ONMT nude dang la van de dac biet quan tam cua khdng chi rieng ma la toan thexa hoi, viec danh gia tac dong tdi mdi trwdng nude tir hoat dong SX giup ehiing ta xae dinh nguyen nhan nhiSm, dua cac giai phap ve quan ly, ve cong nghe nham giam thieu d nhiem Bang cae ket qua thuc dia, phan tich mau nude, thdng qua bai bao dua cac tac ddng tdi moi trudng nude tuhoat dong cua NM Tuyen Apatit Tang Loong, Lao Cai Abtract: Nowadays, the water pollution is interested not only individual but also for society, the water pollution impact assessment from activities of production is important method, which helps us to carry out the solutions in management and technology to reduce pollution in water This paper shows the impacts to water environment from operation of Tang Loong Apatite sift factory through the results of field work and sample analysis I ma DAU Hien viec khai thac va che' bien khoang san ndi chung va khai thac che bien Apatit ndi rieng dang la nganh cdng nghiep phat then, ben canh su ddng gdp tfch cue cho nen kinh te qudc dan, nganh cdng nghiep cdn ed su tac ddng Idn den mdi trudng sinh thai, pha vd canh quan, dja hinh khu vuc, gay xao trgn ve ddng chay va che thu^ van cua ngudn nude, nd cd anh hudng dac biet tdi mdi trudng nude nhu lam tang due, chat ran Id lurng, ndng klm Ioai nang cao Trong qua trinh khai thac quang Apatit, Ioai quang I, II cd the tieu thu true tiep khdng can tuyen, rieng quang Ioai III, IV can tuyen de nang cao ham lugng Pp^ quang len de dat yeu eau thuang pham Hien tai, Cty Apatit Viet Nam da nang cap cdng suit NM Tuyen Tang Lodng tU 400.000 tan quang/nam len 900.000 tan quang/nam Trong qua trinh tuyen quang tao cac ngudn thai, tac dgng tdi mdi trudng (TOMT) nude nhu: nude thai sinh hoat, nude thai cdng nghiep, nude mua tu; khu vuc NM Vi vay, viec nghien curu cac TOMT nude tU hoat ddng NM Tuyen Apatit Tang Lodng tai Md Apatit Lao Cai cd y nghTa thiet thuc va mang tinh cap thiet II CAC PHirOTNG PHAP NGHIEN CUU N.1 PhUdng phap hoi cifU va thu thap sd lieu moi trirdng Tai lieu, sd lieu thu thap tU nhieu ngudn va ti; cae thdi diem khac nhu sd lieu quan trie mdi trudng cua Cty Apatit cac nam 1998 den 2009 va tai NM Tuye'n Apatit Tang Lodng, sd dd quy hgach va ke hoach md rgng NM Ngoai van de phan tich, danh gia ket qua chung tdi cd bd sung cac sd lieu thdng qua viec tfnh toan so sanh vdi ly thuyet thurc te de danh gia TOMT nude n.2 Phi/dng phap phan tiph Phuang phap phan tfch dugc sir dung viec kiem tra cac miu nude thai, nude mat lay tCr ngudn thai NM Tuyen Ket qua phan tfch cho phep danh gia tfnh chinh xac cua cae sd lieu quan trie mdi trudng dugc phdng ATLO va Mdi trudng cua Md Apatit tien hanh N.3 PhU'dng phap dieu tra, i28% - Quang Ioai II: quang Apatit Odidmit d ddi khdng phong hoa tang KS5, ham lugng tU 18-25% Pp^ - Quang Ioai III: quang Apatit Thach anh d ddi phong hoa ting tru (KS4) va ting vaeh KS6, KS7, ham lugng tU 18-25% Pp^ - Quang IV: quang Apatit Ddldmit Thach anh d ddi khdng phong hoa ting tru (KS4) va ting vaeh (KS6 va KS7), ham lugng PP5< 18% NM Tuyen Apatit Tang Lodng dugc thiet ke xay dung tuyen quang Apatit Ioai III cd ham lugng P P j t U 15,8 ± 1% dugc lam glau quang tinh ham lugng P^O^ tU 32-34% Cdng nghe tuyen ndi quang Apatit Lao Cai Ioai III dugc tien Quang Ioai III hanh qua eae cdng doan nhu sau: gia cdng nguyen lieu, tuyen ndi, ed dae, Igc, say theo so dd sau: (xem hinh 1) Tai be cd dac khur bun va be ed dac chu trinh cdng nghe tuyen se tao nude thai qua qua trinh tuyen Apatit Ngudn eung cap nguyen lieu chfnh cho NM -Quang Apatit Ioai III tU cac khai trudng va cae kho luu qua trinh khai thac TrU lugng va chat lugng quang III nhu sau: (xem Bang 1) - Ngoai ngudn nguyen lieu diu vao cua NM Tuyen cdn huy ddng quang Apatit ngheo de dap irng cdng suit va tudl thg NM - Thudc tuyen va cac hoa chit: bao gdm thuy tinh long, Sunphat sat, Xd da, Xut Vdi cdng suit hoat dgng May dap Roto Sang rung Sang rira danh tai II Be CO dac khir biin Xiclon phan Ioai, khijr nude Phan cap mot xoan Nghifin bi Khoang tiep xuc TuySn ndi chfnh Tuye'n tinh IJIJII Dtra di tieu thu Thai dudi quang TuySn vet I,II f Xiclon khir nude f* i Thai nude song f e NghiSn bi Be CO dac i Kho xilo quang tinh May loc chan Ichong Bam bim '' Dua di tieu thu Tap chi 16 BAO HO LAO DQNG Hinh 1: Sd cong nghe tuyen quang Apatit bang phWdng phap tuyen noi tai NM Tuyen quang Apatit Tang Loong ^ / 12/2010 KHOA H O C , CONG NGHE -CHUYEN GIAO 900.000 tan quang (am 15%) Ngudn nguyen lieu ein la: (xem Bang 2) TT Khai trudng Tru" lu'dng 1000 tan - Ngudn nude cung cap cho NM: 5000 - 6000 m'/ Kho luu Khai trudng dem, ngudn nude eung cap cho SX la MdCdc 6.500 4000ml nude sinh hoat la 2000 m\ 2.600 Cam Oudnq 10.500 \\\1 Cac TDIVIT nUdc tCf hoat dong cua NIW Tuyen 1.500 Lang Tac 7.300 Apatit Tang Loong 8.000 Ddng Hd 5.000 Trong qua trinh tuyen Apatit tao cac ngudn nude 2.700 Lang Cdc thai chinh bao gdm: nude thai sinh hoat, nude thai cdng 800 Md Cdc A nghiep dung qua trinh tuyen quang, nude mua tir 4.800 Md Cdc B khu vuc NM Lang Cang 3.000 III.2.1 Nifdc thai sinh hoat Hu Hoai 3.600 Trong khu vuc va hoat dgng cua NM Tuyen Tang Tdng cdng 29.300 27.000 10 Lodng: nude thai sinh hoat dugc tao tU khu vuc nha lam viee hanh chinh, khu vuc dieu Bang 2: Thudc tuyen va cac hoa chat dung cho NM Tuyen khien va cae phan xudng SX, nha an ca va Ten nguyen vat lieu Ddn vj Sijfdung hing nam TT tram y te vdi sd cdng nhan 650 ngudi x 80 lit/ tan Quang Apatit Ioai III 3.300.000 ngaydem = 55m'/ngay dem Nude thai sinh tan 904 Thudc tuyen MD hoat mang theo cac chat hUu cd, nhu eau dxy tan sinh hoa BOD tU 180-250mg/l, theo ude tinh Thuy tinh long 1.504 tai lugng chat hUu cd nude thai sinh hoat tan Sunphat sat 1.100 cua NM Tuyen den he thdng thoat nude (tinh tan Xdda 555 theo BODJ tu 29-35kg/ngay dem, trude tan Xut 152 thai he thdng cdng ranh nude thai Bang Nguon cung cap quang ill cho NIV! tuyen Bang Tinh chat nifdc thai sinh hoat cua NM Tuyen Apatit Ting L oong TT 10 11 Thong sd PH BODs (20°C) Tdng chat ran la lurng Tdng chat ran hda tan Sunfua (tinh theo H;S) Amoni (tinh theo N) Nitrat (NOj-) Dau md ddng thuc vat Phosphate (PO/J Tdng Conforms Fecal Coli Ddn vj - CmaxtheoQCVN14 A 5-9 30 50 500 1,0 30 10 B 5-9 50 100 mq/1 mg/1 mg/1 1000 4,0 mg/l mg/1 10 mg/1 50 mq/l 20 mg/1 10 MPN/100ml 3.000 5.000 MPN/IOOml (iWau duqc lay va phan tich thang 8/2010) NU1 NU2 7,14 7,32 41 16 57 39 12 42 0,15 1,53 11,4 15,32 2,74 6.750 KPHD 0,12 1,26 8,3 14,36 2,53 2.840 KPHD Chi chii: - QCVN 14: Quy chuan ky thuat Viet Nam doi vdi nude thai sinh hoat - KPHD: khdng phat hien dugc - Cmax - CxK Cmax la nong toi da cho phep cua thdng sd d nhiem nude thai sinh hoat thai ngudn nude tiep nhan, tinh bang miligam tren lit nude thai (mg/1); C la gia tn ndng cija thdng sd d nhiim; K la he so tinh tdi quy md, Ioai hinh ca sd dich vu, ca sa cdng cdng va chung cu, ddi vdi NM Tuyen Tang Lodng la ca sa SX ed han 590 nhan cdng thiK= - NU1:M§unuae tai ciraxa nude thai sinh hoat - NU2: Miu nude thai sau di tu hd tap nude thai sinh hoat 12/2010 BAO HQ LAO DQNG 17 KHOA H O C , CONG NGHE - CHUYEN GIAO dugc dua qua he thdng be phdt nen ham lugng chat hCru Cd giam di (xem Bang 3) Iil.2.2 Ni/dc thai cong nghiep Trong qua trinh tuyen Apatit tao cac ngudn nude Bang 4: LUV lifting nifdc thai tai NM Tuyen Luu Loai nifdc thai TT Nude thai quang dudi tuyen ndi Nude tran beeddaci va II Nude thai su cd thai nhu nude thai quang dudi tuyen ndi, nude thai tran be ed dac I va II, nude thai su ed Dua tren luu lugng thai va sd lieu thdng ke cua NM ed dugc luu lugng nude thai nhu sau: (xem cac Bang 4, 5) Nhan xet: ket qua phan tich miu nude thai cua NM lagng m^/h 787 1519 3813 Thanh phan chinh Chat ran, cac kirn loai nang Chit ran, cae klm loai nang Chat ran Bang 5: Ket qua phan tich mau ni/dc tai NM Tuyen quang Apatit IVIau nu'dc tai c(!fa xa NIVI Mau nu'dc tai ho tuan hoan Tuyen Ddn Chi tieu TT phan tich vj Mau IVIau Mau Mau Mau IVIau 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 QCVN 24:2009/ BTNMT cot B (Kf = 0,9 Kq = 0,6) 5,5-9 mq/l mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 8,3 803 8,0 797 8,2 705 7,5 555 7,5 456 7,6 360 0,9973 24,613 43,17 61,18 0,012 13,847 0,984 34,024 48,2 60,18 0,018 10,927 0,82 28,118 39,21 60,2 0,028 14,785 0,34 4,779 31,18 40,48 0,1538 7,928 0,75 11,37 28,12 42,5 0,93 3,26 30,16 53,6 0 8,153 9,842 27 54 - Z N ZFe mg/1 40,91 40,94 36,98 21,29 21,42 11,23 1,62 mg/1 34,63 34,54 45,20 30,174 27,171 29,275 2,7 Cd Pb mq/l mg/1 mq/l mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 0,0184 1,611 0,00063 2,36 4,225 31,104 0,128