Nghiên cứu nhỏ về hoạt động viết sáng tạo và một vài ứng dụng của hoạt động viết sáng tạo trong dạy và học ngoại ngữ đối với năm thứ nhất khoa Anh - Đại học Ngoại ngữ - Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội

Bai vie't nay chung tdi se trinh bay mot ngbien cflu nbd cua chung tdi ve boat ddng viet sang tao va mot vai flng dung cua boat ddng viet sang tao trong day va bgc ngoai ngfl ddi vdi nam

NGHIEN CQU NHO VE HOAT DONG VIET SANG TAO

VA MOT VAI UNG DUNG CUA HOAT DONG VIET SANG TAG TRONG DAY VA HOC NGOAI NGQ DO! vol NAM THQ NHAT KHOA ANH,

TRUONG OAl HOC NGOAI NGU

-DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI

NGUYfiN THI THOM PHAM THI THANH THUY (A)

KhoaNNvdVHAnhMy DHNN, DHQGHN

1.DATVANDE

Trong gilng day ngoai ngfl ndi chung, tieng Anb ndi rieng, vice day cic ky nang thuc hanh tieng (THT) la rat quan trgng, dac biet la ddi vdi sinh vidn nam diu dai bgc Sau mot thdi gian bgc tieng d phd thdng, d c em mdi nim dugc mot kbdi lugng tfl vung, ngfl phip, ngfl

am CO ban cua ngdn ngfl dich, mot chflt It ky nang THT ndi, nghe, dgc, vie't Len dai bgc II luc d c em cd dieu kien cung cd lai kien tbfle

da bgc, thuc hanh d c ky nang tieng Ddi vdi sinh vidn nam tbfl nhat, mdn vie't la mot mdn tuong ddi khd vi d c em chua dugc thuc hanh nhieu CIc bai viet d phd thdng hlu he't chi dflng lai d cap do cau va ehu yen dudi hinh tbfle viet cd hudng din (controlled and/or guided writing) nhu: viet lai cau gifl nguyen ngbia, bay viet dung cau tfl nhflng tfl va cum tfl cho sin Muc dich cua nhflng bai tap viet nay chu yeu la de luyen ngfl phIp va cau true ngdn ngfl, de luyen ky nang lam

d c bai thi hay kiem tra Gid day d bac dai bgc, d c em dugc hgc d e b vie't tu do (free writing), viet vi muc dich giao tie'p Nhflng bai viet nay kbdng chi dflng lai d mfle do dung cau hay ghep nghia ma nd edn mang ndi dung, y tudng cung nhu phong d e b ridng cua tflng d nhan

d c em Cac em dung kinh nghiem, tri tudng tugng, su sang tao cua rieng minb de tao nen nhflng bai viet hay, dgc dio Ndi mot d e b

khac, d c em da va dang thuc hanh vie't sang tao (creative writing)

Bai vie't nay chung tdi se trinh bay mot ngbien cflu nbd cua chung tdi ve boat ddng viet sang tao va mot vai flng dung cua boat ddng viet sang tao trong day va bgc ngoai ngfl ddi vdi nam tbfl nhat khoa Anb, trudng DHNN - DHQGHN Nhflng ndi dung chinh chung tdi se de cap tdi la:

- The' nao la viet sing tao

- Y nghIa cua vie't sing tao

- Viet sang tao khi nao

- CIc budc tie'n hanh mot bai viet sing tao

- Mot vai flng dung cua boat ddng viet sing tao trong day va hgc

d c mdn THT cho sinh vien nam tbfl nhat khoa Anh trudng ta

II PHAN NOI DUNG

1 Viet sang tao la gi?

Viet sing tao, hieu mot d e b don gian nhat la boat ddng sing tao

ra mot bai viet, mot doan van, hay mot van bin bat ky, mang dlu an el nhan trong dd Cd the ke den d e sin pham cua viet sing tao nhu nhflng cau tho, nhflng mau chuyen nho nbd, hoae d mfle do cao ban la nhflng tic pham van hgc Tuy nhien trong viec day va hgc ngoai ngfl, vie't sing tao thudng dugc biet den dudi cli ten chung chung la boat ddng vie't nbim ren luyen va bd trg cho d e ky nang kbic nhu ndi, dgc Vay thuc chat vie't sing tao II gi?

Joyce(2000)ly luan:

Vie't sang tao khdng chi la cich duy nhat de thdi hdn cudc song vao Idp hgc-ngoai ngfl ma edn tao cho ngudi hgc ngoai ngfl nhflng co bdi thuc hanh tbfl vi, song ddng

Vie't sang tao khdng phai la nhflng ddng viet khdng chu y vl vd thflc ma ddi bdi su chinh xlc, chuan tie trong d e b dung tfl ngfl va hanh van

Vie't sang tao khdng cd nghia la viet ve bl't cfl d i gi hoac ta't ca

mgi tbfl ma nd cho phep chflng ta tap trung vao d c y tudng, d e b thflc

va dang van bin van hgc cu the

Vie't sing tao khdng hoan toan nIm ngoai kha nang viet cua ban bet mgi ngudi ma nd mang lai cho sinh vien co bdi de khim phi ngdn ngfl va tri tudng tugng cua chinh bin than minb

Viet sang tao kbdng phai la boat ddng dir bi hay thay the' cho hanh

vi giao tie'p khau ngfl ml la mot d e b eudn hut ngudi bgc tim ra y nghIa mdi cua d c ky nang ngdn ngfl it dugc sfl dung hon

Tie'p theo mot loat dinh nghIa In tugng tren day, Joyce, H cung dua ra mot bang so sinh viec viet, tao dung mot van ban vdi viec xay nhl Cd the thay rd net nhflng diem nhan chu yeu trong su ddi chieu cua Joyce nhu sau: Neu xay nhl ngudi ta chi cin bin ve kie'n trfle vl thie't ke thi cau trfle va d c giai doan (stages) cua qui trinh viet la bin thie't ke' tdng the cua mot van bin Vat lieu va edng cu de viet la ngfl phIp, tfl vung cung vdi but, giay, miy tinh, v.v ddng vai trd nhu dl, gach, gd vl cua, bua khi ta chuan bi xay nhl De dung len dugc mot ngdi nhl, ngudi thg xay can phli len ke hoach, tie'n hanh do dac, dung khung nhl, hoan thanh pbin thd, dgn dep va hoan thien Tuong tu, ngudi vie't cung phli lap ke hoach, vie't nhip cau, doan den d bai rdi bien tap rdi chinh sfla neu cIn thie't

Trong qui trinh xay nhl, ngudi thg cd the tao dung theo thiet kd rieng cua minb: Ip dung nhflng y tudng tbfl nghiem, sing tao trong bin thie't ke, nhung vln phli gifl muc dich nguyen tbuy cua mot ngdi nhl II mot chd cu tru, che ning che mua Ddi vdi ngudi viet, hg cung tao da'u an rieng cua minb bing nhflng y tudng el nhan mang tinh tien phong, sing tao nhung tat d phai dim bio ring tic phim cua hg phai

cd nghIa va dip flng muc dich sing tie

CI hai boat ddng nay deu giup nhflng ngudi thuc hien phit trien

d c ky nang, ky xlo quy gil: Ngudi vie't trau ddi v l hoan thien ky nang vie't sing tao trong khi ngudi thg xay cung cd ky nang xay dung cua minb

Ndi tdm lai, viet sang tao la mot hinh thflc vie't ddi hoi kha nang sing tao cua mdi el nhan va nd bd trg cho d c ky nang ngdn ngfl khac nhu dgc, ndi

2 Y nghla cua viec vie't sang tao

Ddi vdi ngudi bgc d d c d p do don gian, boat ddng nay giup hg the hien dugc ban than thdng qua d c y tudng sing tao cua minb Thdng thudng, d c bai tap, d c nhiem vu (tasks) (se trinh bay d phan sau) rlt tbfl vi, eudn hflt ngudi hgc, tao cho hg nidm hflng kbdi say me kbim phi chinh minb, tang them ddng luc hgc tap Ddng thdi, d c dang bai tap viet sing tao cung gdp phin khdng nbd trong viec hoan thien d c ky nang thuc hanh tieng, kbi nang llm chu va sfl dung ngdn ngfl d nhflng cap do cao hon, boat ddng nay giup cho d giao vien va hgc sinh tiep can vdi mot phuong phIp hgc ngoai ngfl mdi trong dd sir tham gia cua d c ddi tugng trong sudt qui trinh gilng day va hgc tap mang tinh chu ddng, tich cue, va true tiep hon trong mot chflng muc nao dd Hon nfla, viet sing tao edn tao dieu kien cho ngudi hgc tiep can va hieu sau ban ve d c dang bli viet, tang eudng d c ky nang tranh luan (debating skills) va tu duy phe phIn (critical thinking) rat cIn thie't trong d c chien luge (strategies) cung nhu qua trinh (procedure) bgc tap

3 Viet sang tao khi nao?

Nhu chflng ta da biet, sinh vien hgc ngoai ngfl ndi chung, tieng Anh ndi rieng, thudng bit dau bgc d c ky nang thuc hanh tieng nhu ndi, nghe, dgc, viet trudc CIc ky nang nay cd the dugc hgc trong cung mot quyen gilo trinh theo kieu xen ke (An intergrated-skills coursebook) hay trong mdi quyen gilo trinh cd chu y phat trien tflng

ky nang rieng le (vi du: Listening I, Writing 1 ) Tuy vay, cd the khang dinh rang ta khdng bao gid chi day mot ky nang THT trong mot gid Idn Idp ma vln ket hgp d c ky nang vdi nhau, chi cd chu trgng phat trien ky nang nao hon ma thdi Dac biet vdi ky nang viet thi hlu nhu gid hgc nao cung can den nd Khi nghe giang, sinh vidn cung can ghi chep tdm tit ndi dung bai de nbd va de dn tap Gid hgc nghe, hgc dgc, sinh vidn ettng phai tra Idi cau bdi nghe hieu, dgc hieu, lam d c bai tap, ghi chep tfl mdi Gilo vien cung cd the yeu cau sinh vien vie't tdm tat bai vfla dgc hay vfla nghe v.v Gid hgc viet, hgc dich thi du it

du nhieu sinh vien cttng phai vie't tren Idp Cac bai tap viet cho sinh vien nam tbfl nhat rat phong phu nhu ke chuyen, ke chuyen qua tranh, vie't thu, mieu ta, nhln tin Tham chi ngay d trong gid hgc ndi tudng

chflng nhu khdng can den viet, nhung sinh vien vln d n ghi chep nhflng thdng tin ma hg phdng van tfl ngudi ban minb, hoac dien nhflng thdng tin ma minb d n tim qua hinh thflc bai tap information - gap, form - filling v.v Dac biet, Hon nfla, nhieu bai kiem tra, bai tap d nha, NCKH deu yeu d u sinh vien llm bIng hinh thflc viet Cd the ndi theo

dinh nghla thi tat d nhflng kieu viet tren deu mang tinh sang tao

Nhu vay ta cd the' thly trong gid day va hgc ngoai ngfl, cd the' khuyen khich sinh vien viet sing tao, vfla de' hgc tap va cung cd ky nang vie't, vfla de phIt trien d c ky nang THT khic

4 Cac budc thuc hanh viet sang tao

Morrissey (9) cho ring, gid'ng nhu mgi boat ddng viet thdng thudng, vie't sing tao cung phli trii qua nhflng budc don gian cd ten ggi nhu: kbdi ddng (starting up), vie't (writing), the' hien va phan bdi (presenting and feedback)

Cd the coi vie't sing tao la su ket hgp linh boat gifla hai phuong phap vie't sin pham va viet quy trinh (Product writing vl Process writing)

Tuy theo tflng yeu d u cu the' cua bli tap, cua nhiem vu, hay trinh do cua hgc vien m l gilo vien cd the chu ddng tim phuong phap tie'p can phu hgp Vi du vdi sinh vidn nam tbfl nhat, cd the' cung d p cho hg d c dang bli mlu, d c vi du don gian de hg tap vie't theo Tat nhien gilo vien khdng nen qui chu trgng tdi khudn mlu va tinh chinh xlc cua tflng the' loai bai viet Ddi vdi d c sinh vien d trinh dd cao ban (vi du sinh vien theo hgc mot Idp van hgc - literature courses) cd the hudng din sau hon yeu d u cua tflng the loai viet (writing genres), dac diem van phong, ngdn ngfl, d c thanh phan cua mot tic pham hoan chinh

Dudi day chung tdi trinh biy mot sd budc co ban de tie'n hanh mot loai boat ddng viet sing tao: dd la viet truyen ngln

1/ Yeu d u :

Ngudi hgc llm theo yeu d u cu the cua giao vien: de tai, dd dai, thdi gian cua tflng nhiem vu (task) v.v

2/ Chon chu de

- Ngudi hgc ehgn chu de, gidi ban chu de

- Chuan bi nhflng thanh td co ban: bdi d n h , nhan vat, cd't truyen.v v

3/ Ban nhap:

- Dinh vi trinh tu cd't truyen

- Bat dau viet, phat buy tri tudng tugng

4/ Viet lai:

- Dgc lai ban nblp vdi tu duy phe phIn

- Viet lai nhflng phan chua hgp ly

- Kiem tra, chfla Idi tic pham

- Lay y kien cua "dgc gia" / Trao ddi bai viet vdi ngudi khac

5 Lfng dung mot so hoat ddng viet sang tao cho sinh vien nam thU nhat

5.1 Cung viet chuyen

- Md tl: hai hay nhieu ngudi hgc tham gia vao qua trinh sing tic

mot cau chuyen hoan chinh Mdi ngudi dim nhiem mot cau, mot doan hay mot phan cd't truyen

- Y nghla: ren luyen ky nang llm viec theo nhdm, chia se thdng nhat y kien de duy tri tinh lien ket, maeh lac cua mot dang van bin

- Minb boa:

Task: Work in group of five Each member takes turn to contribute to a story beginning "Last summer, I took a trip to Mexico "

5.2 SCfdung truyen tranh

- Md ta: Tren nen tranh anh cua mot cau chuyen, bdi thoai cd

trudc, ngudi vie't sang tao ra cd't truyen Idi thoai mdi theo y cua minb

Cd the xlo trdn vi tri d c tranh ne'u d n thiet

- Y nghla: bd trg ky nang ndi, ren luyen ky nang mieu ta, sir dung tfl ndi, V V

- Minb boa:

Task: Look at the follwing set of pictures Great another version

of the dialogue (Unit 37, Language-to-go)

5.3 Viet mdrgng (expanded writing)

- Md tl: Gilo vien cd the yeu d u mdi nhdm sinh vien dgc mot

doan van mieu tl so luge mot dia diem, hoac mot cau chuyen vln tit

do gilo vien cung cap sin hay do nhdm sinh vien khIc trong Idp tao ,ra Sau dd gilo vien yeu d u sinh vien dua vao doan dd de' phIt trien thanh mot bli viet hoan chinh bIng d e b them tinh tfl, trang tfl, them nhflng chi tie't, tinh tiet cho cau chuyen

- Y nghla: luyen d e b dung tinh tfl, trang tfl theo dflng trat tu, d e b ket hgp tfl, ky nang pbit trien y, mieu tl, ke' chuyen, v.v

- Minb boa:

Task: Add details to the following paragraph (From Writing to Composing, Unit 2.-10)

5.4 Viet theo dinh hudng

- Md tl: Dua tren nhflng yeu td cho trudc nhu chu de, tfl vung, y

tudng hay cau true ngfl phap, ngudi viet pbIt buy tri tudng tugng cua minb de sing tao mot cau chuyen, mot doan van holn chinb v v

- Y nghla: ren luyen ky nang viet theo dinh hudng va kha nang khai thic, sfl dung ngdn ngfl, tri tudng tugng cua ngudi bgc

- Minb boa:

Task: Base on the 4 situations below, create a writing (an imaginary story, a future prediction, a letter to your friend, etc) You can start at any situation

1 A: Ok You really need some money, quyckly What would you sell? B: Well, I would certainly sell the television, but I wouldn 't sell the stereo I like music too much

2 A: You win a lot of money Would you buy a really expensive car? B: No, I wouldn't, but I would buy a boat I love sailing

3 A: Ok, You can live in any country in the world Where would you move to?

B: I would stay right here, with you

4 A: You 've only know your boyfriend I girlfriend for two months but you are very much in love Would you marry himlher?

B: No, I wouldn't

(Language-to-go, U30, Practice 6)

5.5 Lam thatheo chu de

- Md ta: Ngudi hgc dugc cung d p nhflng chu de cho trudc kem

bai tho mlu va dugc yeu d u sing tic mot bli tho ngln theo the tu do

- Y nghla: Tao hflng tbfl trong qui trinh bgc tap, ren luyen kha nang d m thu va sang tao thi ca (d mfle co bin)

- Minb boa: Bai "The world water decade"- Concepts & comments

Task: Write a short "water" - poem

5.6 Hoan thanh cau

- Md tl: Hoat ddng nhdm, vdi mot ve cau cho trudc, ngudi hgc

dugc yeu cau hoan thanh va ket hgp vdi nhflng cau khac trong nhdm de' tao thinh mot bai tho/ doan viet cd nghla

- Y nghla: ren luyen ngfl phIp, each sfl dung tfl vflng

- Task (Jenkins, 2001))

1/ Work in group of 5

2/ Within 5 minutes, each member of the group completes the

phrase 'When I think of summer ' using one sense of perception

(sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch)

e.g When I think of summer, I see crowded beach

3/ Share the phrases within your group

4/ Edit and combine them into a possible poem in 2 minutes (Don't care much about the rules of poetry)

5/ Present your final product in front of the class

When I think of summer, I see

When I think of summer, I smell

When I think of summer, I hear

When I think of summer, I taste

When I think of summer, I touch

5.7 Diverging poems

Task (Maley et al, 1988)

- Work in group of 4 or 5

- Choose an abstract noun

- Write it vertically on a piece of paper (Each letter will mark the beginning of a line)

W

H

I

S

P

E

R

- Within 10 minutes, produce a short poem based on the stimulus word, (see example)

Why do people in public places

Have to lower their voices?

/s it because they fear

Someone might overhear?

Perhaps But why do they bother?

Every word they try to conceal

jReaehes us loud and clear

5.8 Viet mieu ta/viet tudng thuat

Hoat ddng nay gid'ng vdi hinh thflc vie't mieu ta, tudng thuat thudng thay d d e gilo trinh day viet co ban Tuy nhien gilo vien cd the khai thIc nhieu chu de khac ngoai sach hoac tfl ngudn tranh anh, bio chi

PHAN KET LUAN

Tren day la mot sd ngbien cflu nhd ve viet sing tao vl vai flng dung cua nd trong viec day va hgc d e ky nang THT cho sinh vien nam tbfl nhat khoa Anh Ngbien cflu cho tha'y tim quan trgng cua viet sing tao trong day vl hgc ngoai ngfl Nd cung cho thly khi nao va flng dung nhu the nao cua vie't sing tao vao viec day va hgc tie'ng Hy vgng ring ngbien cflu nly it nhieu giflp ich cho d c gilo vien trong td cung nhu nhflng gilo vien day d c mdn THT cua d c td khIc cung nhu d c tieng khac Do ban che ve thdi gian vl dieu kien ngbien cflu, ngbien cflu nhd nly chic chin con so sai Hy vgng ring d c tic gil se cd dieu kien ngbien ciru sau ban va dat hieu qua ban trong tuong lai CIc tic gil cung mong nhan dugc nhflng Idi gdp y chan thanh cua dgc gil vl

d c ddng nghiep de ngbien cflu dugc tdt ban

Tai lieu tham khao

1 Harris, J (1993) Introducing writing 1st ed., London Penguin

Group

2 Joyce, H., & Feez, S (2000) Creative writing skills 1st ed.,

Aus: Phoenix Education PTY Ltd

3 Maley, A., & Duff, A (1988) Literature 4tb ed., Oxford:

Oxford University Press

4 Raimes, A (1983) Techniques in teaching writing.lsi ed.,

Oxford: Oxford University Press

5 Tribble, C (1996) Writing 1st ed Oxford: Oxford University

Press

Website: www.onestopengUsb/tefl skills/writing minisa ga.htm

6 Avoy, J M (n.d.) Controlled narrative writing, retrieved Oct

23, 2004, from www.onestopenglish.eom

7 Clandfield, L (2004) Free lesson for speaking class In ELTIESL

retrieved Oct 23, 2004, fromwww.onestopenglish.com

Website: www.onestopenglish/tefl skills/writing minisa ga.htm

8 Jenkins, H (2001) Starting to teach creative writing in the